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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים רצ״אOrach Chayim 291

Siman 291 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 6 se'ifim

הלכות שבתLaws of Shabbat· siman 291

Se’if 1א׳

יְהֵא זָהִיר מְאֹד לְקַיֵּם סְעֻדָּה שְׁלִישִׁית, וְאַף אִם הוּא שָׂבֵעַ יָכוֹל לְקַיֵּם אוֹתָהּ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, וְאִם אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ כְּלָל לֶאֱכֹל אֵינוֹ חַיָּב לְצַעֵר אֶת עַצְמוֹ. וְהֶחָכָם עֵינָיו בְּרֹאשׁוֹ (קֹהֶלֶת ב, יד) שֶׁלֹּא יְמַלֵּא בִּטְנוֹ בִּסְעֻדַּת הַבֹּקֶר, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן מָקוֹם לִסְעֻדָּה שְׁלִישִׁית. הַגָּה: וּמִי שֶׁלֹּא אָכַל בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת, יֹאכַל שָׁלֹשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת (הָרֹא"שׁ פֶּרֶק ע"פ).

The Laws Pertaining to the Three [Shabbos] Meals, 6 Seifim: One should be very cautious to have a third meal, and even if he is satisfied he can fulfill it with about the volume of an egg. And if he cannot eat at all, he need not cause himself discomfort. And a wise person will not fill his stomach with the morning meal, so as to save room for a third meal. Rema: And one who did not eat on Shabbat evening should eat three meals on the day of Shabbat. (the Rosh)

Se’if 2ב׳

זְמַנָּהּ מִשֶּׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַן הַמִּנְחָה דְּהַיְנוּ מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּמֶחֱצָה וּלְמַעְלָה, וְאִם עֲשָׂאָהּ קֹדֶם לָכֵן לֹא קִיֵּם מִצְוַת סְעֻדָּה שְׁלִישִׁית. הַגָּה: יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאָסוּר לִשְׁתּוֹת מַיִם בֵּין מִנְחָה לְמַעֲרִיב בְּשַׁבָּת, דְּאָז חוֹזְרִים הַנְּשָׁמוֹת לַגֵּיהִנֹּם, וְעַל כֵּן אֵין לֶאֱכֹל סְעֻדָּה שְׁלִישִׁית בֵּין מִנְחָה לְמַעֲרִיב, אֶלָּא יֹאכַל אוֹתָהּ קֹדֶם מִנְחָה (תּוֹסָפוֹת וְהָרֹא"שׁ וּמָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק ע"פ). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּיוֹתֵר טוֹב לְהִתְפַּלֵּל מִנְחָה תְּחִלָּה (רַמְבַּ"ם וְטוּר וְהגמ"ר וְהגמי"י פ"ל וְאָגוּר), וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִים לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְּכָל מְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ, וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם אֵין לִשְׁתּוֹת מַיִם מִן הַנְּהָרוֹת, אֲבָל בַּבַּיִת שָׁרֵי וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין דְּשָׁרֵי (הגמי"י פ"ל). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאֵין אִסּוּר אֶלָּא תּוֹךְ י"ב חֹדֶשׁ שֶׁל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ (אֲגֻדָּה וּמָרְדְּכַי פ' ע"פ). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאִסּוּר זֶה שֶׁל שְׁתִיַּת מַיִם אֵינוֹ רַק בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת (תּוֹסָפוֹת וְהָרֹא"שׁ וּמָרְדְּכַי בְּשֵׁם ר' מְשֻׁלָּם וְהגמי"י).

The time [of this meal] is from the time of minchah, which is from the sixth and a half hour onward. And if he does this earlier, he has not fulfilled the mitzvah of the third meal. RAMA: There are those who say that it is prohibited to drink water from Minhah until Maariv on Shabbat for that is when the souls return to Gehinom. And therefore one should not eat the third meal between Minhah and Maariv. Instead he should eat it before Minhah (Tosafot; the Rosh and Mordecai, chapter ten of Pesahim). And there are those who say that it is is preferable to pray Minhah first (Rambam, Tur, Hagahot Mordecai, Hagahot Maimoni, chapter 30 and Agur). And this is our preferred custom in all of these lands. And in any case one should not drink water from the rivers, but it is permissible in one's house. And all the more so other liquids are permissible (Hagahot Maimoni, chapter 30). And there are those who say that this is prohibited only during the twelve months after one's mother or father died (Agudah and Mordecai, chapter 10 of Pesahim). And there are those who say that this prohibition of drinking water is only on Friday eve (Tosafot, Rosh, and Mordecai in the name of R. Meshulam, and Hagahot Maimoni.)

Se’if 3ג׳

אִם נִמְשְׁכָה סְעֻדַּת הַבֹּקֶר עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַמִּנְחָה יַפְסִיק הַסְעֻדָּה וִיבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן וְיִטֹּל יָדָיו וִיבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמּוֹצִיא וְיִסְעֹד, וְנָכוֹן הַדָּבָר שֶׁאִם לֹא הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה כֵן, מֵאַחַר שֶׁנִּמְשְׁכָה סְעֻדַּת הַבֹּקֶר עַד אוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה, לֹא הָיָה יָכוֹל לֶאֱכֹל אַחַר כָּךְ אֶלָּא אֲכִילָה גַּסָה. הַגָּה: אֲבָל מִי שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לֶאֱכֹל אַחַר שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל מִנְחָה עִם הַצִּבּוּר, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה סְעֻדָּה שְׁלִישִׁית קֹדֶם מִנְחָה; מִיהוּ אִם עֲשָׂאָהּ, יָצָא.

If one’s morning meal is extended until the time of minchah, one should stop the meal, bless birkat hamazon, wash one's hands, say Hamotzei and then eat (the third meal). If one does not conduct himself in this manner, since the morning meal was extended this late, he will not be able to partake of the third meal except by eating uncomfortably. Rema: However, one who knows that he is able to eat after saying Minchah with the congregation does not eat the third meal before Minchah; but if he did so, he has fulfilled his obligation.

…and 1 more se'if in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0