The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim
אורח חיים רנ״דOrach Chayim 254
Siman 254 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 9 se'ifim
הלכות שבתLaws of Shabbat· siman 254
Se’if 1א׳
אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבָּשָׂר חַי מֻתָּר לְהַשְׁהוֹתוֹ, הָנֵי מִלֵּי בִּקְדֵרָה, אֲבָל בִּצְלִי שֶׁאֵצֶל הָאֵשׁ אָסוּר לְהַנִּיחוֹ סָמוּךְ לַחֲשֵׁכָה, שֶׁמְּמַהֵר לְהִתְבַּשֵׁל וְאָתֵי לְחַתּוּיֵי. וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי בִּבְשַׂר שׁוֹר אוֹ עֵז, אֲבָל בְּשַׂר גְּדִי וְעוֹף שֶׁהֵם מְנֻתָּחִים לְאֵיבָרִים, מֻתָּר דְּלֹא חַיְישִׁינָן לְחִתּוּי, שֶׁאִם יְחַתֶּה בְּגֶחָלִים יִתְחָרֵךְ (פי' יָצָא מִגֶּדֶר הַצְלִי וְנִכְנַס בְּגֶדֶר הַנִּשְׂרָף) הַבָּשָׂר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ אֶלָּא חֲמִימוּת הָאֵשׁ בִּלְבַד. וְאִם הוּא בְּתַנּוּר, וְטָח פִּיו בְּטִיט, בֵּין גְּדִי וְעוֹף שְׁלֵמִים בֵּין בְּשַׂר שׁוֹר אוֹ עֵז, מֻתָּר דְּלֹא חַיְישִׁינָן לְחִתּוּי, שֶׁאִם בָּא לִפְתֹּחַ הַתַּנּוּר וּלְחַתּוֹת, תִּכָּנֵס הָרוּחַ, וְיִצְטַנֵּן הַתַּנּוּר, וְיִתְקַּשֶּׁה הַבָּשָׂר וְיַפְסִיד. הַגָּה: וְאֵין חִלּוּק בָּזֶה בֵּין אִם הוּא חַי לְגַמְרֵי אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבַּשֵּׁל קְצָת (בֵּית יוֹסֵף) וְכָל זְמַן שֶׁחֲלַל הַגּוּף שָׁלֵם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו רֹאשׁוֹ וּכְרָעָיו, מִקְרֵי שָׁלֵם (הַגָּהוֹת מָרְדְּכַי). וְיֵשׁ מַחְמִירִין וְסוֹבְרִין דִּבְתַנּוּר טוּחַ בְּטִיט, הַכֹּל שָׁרֵי; וְעַל גַּבֵּי הָאֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא מְגֻלֶּה, הַכֹּל אָסוּר; וּבְתַנּוּר שֶׁפִּיו מְכֻסֶּה אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵינוֹ טוּחַ בְּטִיט, אָז יֵשׁ לְחַלֵּק בֵּין גְּדִי וְעוֹף לִשְׁאָר בָּשָׂר, כַּדֶּרֶךְ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר, וְהָכֵי נָהוּג כִּסְבָרָא זוֹ. (טוּר וְהָגָ"א וּבֵית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רַשִׁ"י וּסְמַ"ג וּסְמַ"ק וְסֵפֶר הַתְּרוּמָה).
The Laws of Food Prepared Erev Shabbos in order to complete on Shabbos, containing 9 Seifim: Although it is permitted to do She’hiya [leaving a pot on the stove over Shabbos] with raw meat, this refers to {meat cooked} in a pot, but placing meat for roasting next to a fire close to Shabbos is forbidden, since it it roasts quickly and one might stir the coals. However, this is only for beef or goat meat; but kid or fowl, cut up into sections, are permitted (to be placed next to a fire for roasting). We do not fear that the coals might be stirred, since such meat will burn (i.e., go beyond the stage of roast and become burned meat) if the coals are stirred, for they require no more than the heat of the fire. However, (if roasting is done) in an oven whose mouth is sealed with clay, then even a whole kid or fowl, as well as beef or goat meat are permitted. We need not fear that anyone will stir up the coals, for if the stove will be opened for stirring air will enter, cooling the stove and causing the meat to harden and spoil. Rema: There is no difference here whether it is completely raw or somewhat cooked. [Beis Yosef]. As long as the body (of the animal) is whole, even if its head or feet are not attached to it, it is considered whole (Hagahos Mordechai). There are some who are stringent and hold that everything is permitted in a stove that is sealed with clay, and, (on the other hand) everything is forbidden over an open fire. The distinction made between a kid and fowl and other meat, exists only where the mouth of the oven is closed but not sealed with clay. Common practice is in accordance with this opinion (Tur, Hagahos Ashiri, Beis Yosef in the name of Rashi, the Smag, the Smak).
Se’if 2ב׳
אֵין צוֹלִין בָּצָל וּבֵיצָה אוֹ בָּשָׂר עַל גַּבֵּי גֶּחָלִים, אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצָּלֶה מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם מִשְּׁנֵי צְדָדָיו, כְּמַאֲכַל בֶּן דְּרוֹסַאי שֶׁהוּא חֲצִי בִּשּׁוּלוֹ. אֲפִלּוּ הוּא בְּשַׂר גְּדִי, דְּכֵיוָן שֶׁהִנִּיחוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי גֶּחָלִים אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּצָּלֶה מְהֵרָה וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיִּתְחָרֵךְ, הִלְכָּךְ חַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא יְחַתֶּה; אֲבָל כְּשֶׁנִּצְלֶה כְּמַאֲכַל בֶּן דְּרוֹסַאי, לֹא חַיְישִׁינָן דִּלְמָא אָתֵי לְחַתּוּיֵי, אֲפִלּוּ אִם הוּא בְּשַׂר שׁוֹר, שֶׁמֵּאַחַר שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה לָמָּה יְחַתֶּה לְהַפְסִידוֹ.
It is forbidden to roast onions, eggs, or meat on coals unless there is enough time in the day for them to be roasted on both sides, to the degree of Ma’achal ben Derusa’i, which means half-cooked, even if it is kid meat. The reason is that since one placed them on coals, one’s principal concern is that the roasting be done quickly – even if the meat gets scorched, and we therefore fear that the coals will be stirred. However when it is already roasted to the degree of Ma’achal ben Derusa’i, then even in the case of beef, we do not fear that the coals might be stirred, for since it is already edible, there is no reason that anyone would want to stir the coals and ruin it.
Se’if 3ג׳
אִם עָבַר, אוֹ שָׁכַח, וְנִצְלָה בְּשַׁבָּת בְּאִסוּר, אָסוּר.
When roasting is done on Shabbos in a prohibited manner, whether through intentional transgressing or after forgetting (that it is forbidden), it (the food) is forbidden.
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain
English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0