אורח חיים קס״אOrach Chayim 161

Se’if 1א׳

צָרִיךְ לִזָּהֵר מֵחֲצִיצָה, שֶׁכָּל דָּבָר שֶׁחוֹצֵץ בִּטְבִילָה חוֹצֵץ בִּנְטִילָה, כְּגוֹן: צוֹאָה שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּפֹּרֶן שֶׁלֹּא כְּנֶגֶד הַבָּשָׂר, וּבָצֵק שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּפֹּרֶן אֲפִלּוּ כְּנֶגֶד הַבָּשָׂר, וּרְטִיָּה שֶׁעַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, וְטִיט הַיּוֹן, וְטִיט הַיּוֹצְרִים; אֲבָל בְּמִעוּטוֹ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַקְפִּיד, אֵין לָחוּשׁ. הַגָּה: וּמ"ה לֹא נָהֲגוּ לְנַקֵּר הַטִּיט שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּפֹּרְנַיִם, לִנְטִילָה, מִשּׁוּם דְּהָוֵי כְּמִעוּטוּ שֶׁאֵין מַקְפִּיד, כִּי אֵין מַקְפִּידִים עַל זֶה לִנְטִילָה (הַגָּהוֹת סְמַ"ק וְהַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִ"י פ' הָיָה קוֹרֵא) אֲבָל אִם הָיָה מַקְפִּיד, הוּא צָרִיךְ לְנַקְּרָן, וְכֵן עִקָּר. וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהָקֵל בַּחֲצִיצָה לְעִנְיַן נְטִילָה, כִּי יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאֵין שַׁיָּךְ חֲצִיצָה לִנְטִילָה, אֲבָל הָעִקָּר כַּסְּבָרָא הָרִאשׁוֹנָה.

One must take care against an interposition, for anything that interposes in immersion interposes in washing: for example, excrement that is beneath the fingernail, not over against the flesh; and dough that is beneath the fingernail, even over against the flesh; and a bandage that is on his flesh; and the mud of the marsh, and the potters' clay. But where it covers only the lesser part, about which he is not particular, there is no need for concern. Hagah [Rema]: And for this reason they are not accustomed to clean out the mud that is beneath the fingernails for washing, because it is like the lesser part about which one is not particular, for people are not particular about this for washing (Hagahot Semak and Hagahot Asheri, chapter "One who was reading"). But if he was particular, he must clean them out, and this is the main view. And it may be that they were accustomed to be lenient regarding interposition in the matter of washing because there are those who say that interposition does not apply to washing; but the main view is as the first opinion.

Se’if 2ב׳

כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַקְפִּיד עָלָיו, אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ; הָיָה דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל זֶה לְהַקְפִּיד וְזֶה אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לְהַקְפִּיד, לְמִי שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַקְפִּיד, חוֹצֵץ. לְמִי שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לְהַקְפִּיד, אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ. כֵּיצַד הָיָה אֶחָד צַבָּע וְהָיוּ יָדָיו צְבוּעוֹת, אֵין הַצַּבָּע חוֹצֵץ עַל יָדָיו, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ עַל יָדָיו מַמָּשׁוּת שֶׁל צִבְעוֹנִים; לֹא הָיָה צַבָּע, אִם הָיוּ יָדָיו צְבוּעוֹת וְיֵשׁ מַמָּשׁ הַצֶּבַע עַל יָדָיו, הֲרֵי זֶה חוֹצֵץ, שֶׁהַדְּיוֹ הַיָּבֵשׁ חוֹצֵץ, וְהַלַּח אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ. וְכֵן הַנָּשִׁים שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לִצְבֹּעַ יְדֵיהֶם לְנוֹי וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה, אֵין אוֹתוֹ צֶבַע חוֹצֵץ גִּלְדֵי מַכָּה שֶׁעַל יָדָיו, אִם אֵינוֹ מַקְפִּיד עָלָיו אֵינָן חוֹצְצִין (ס' הַתְּרוּמָה).

Anything about which he is not particular does not interpose. If it was this one's way to be particular and that one's way not to be particular: for the one whose way is to be particular, it interposes; for the one whose way is not to be particular, it does not interpose. How so? If one was a dyer and his hands were dyed, the dye does not interpose on his hands, even though there is substance of the dyes on his hands. If he was not a dyer, if his hands were dyed and the substance of the dye is on his hands, this interposes; for dry ink interposes and moist ink does not interpose. And likewise women whose way is to dye their hands for beauty, and the like — that dye does not interpose. Scabs of a wound that are on his hands, if he is not particular about them, do not interpose (Sefer haTerumah).

Se’if 3ג׳

צָרִיךְ לְהָסִיר הַטַּבַּעַת מֵעַל יָדוֹ בִּשְׁעַת נְטִילַת יָדַיִם וַאֲפִלּוּ הוּא רָפוּי (בֵּית יוֹסֵף) וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵינוֹ מַקְפִּיד עָלָיו בִּשְׁעַת נְטִילָה, הוֹאִיל וּמַקְפִּיד עָלָיו בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעוֹשָׂה מְלָאכָה, שֶׁלֹּא יִטָּנְפוּ (הָרֹא"שׁ פ' תִּינֹקֶת) וְנָהֲגוּ קְצָת לְהָקֵל אִם הוּא רָפוּי, אֲבָל יֵשׁ לְהַחְמִיר, כִּי אֵין אָנוּ בְּקִיאִים אֵיזֶה מִקְרֵי רָפוּי.

One must remove the ring from his hand at the time of washing the hands, even if it is loose (Beit Yosef), and even if he is not particular about it at the time of washing, since he is particular about it at the time when he does work, so that they should not get dirty (the Rosh, chapter "A young girl"). And some were accustomed to be lenient if it is loose, but one should be stringent, for we are not expert in what is called loose.