אבן העזר צ׳Even HaEzer 90

Se’if 1א׳

הַבַּעַל יוֹרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ. בֵּין נִכְסֵי מְלוֹג בֵּין נִכְסֵי צֹאן בַּרְזֶל. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בַּמֻּחְזָק; אֲבָל לֹא בָּרָאוּי, כְּגוֹן יְרֻשָּׁה שֶׁרְאוּיָה לִירַשׁ וּמֵתָה בְּחַיֵּי מוֹרִישָׁהּ, אֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד בִּמְקוֹמָהּ לִירַשׁ. הַגָּה: שְׁטַר חֲצִי זָכָר, שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִין בּוֹ הָאִדָּנָא, שֶׁכּוֹתֵב הָאָב לְבִתּוֹ לִטֹּל בִּירֻשָּׁתוֹ כְּחֵלֶק חֲצִי זָכָר, וְאִם תֵּלֵךְ הַבַּת בְּלֹא זֶרַע קְיָמָא יִתְבַּטֵּל הַחוֹב, וּמֵתָה הַבַּת בְּחַיֵּי אָבִיהָ וְהִנִּיחָה זֶרַע קְיָמָא, וּמֵת הַזֶּרַע וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָבִיהָ, הַבַּעַל יוֹרֵשׁ כֹּחַ אוֹתוֹ הַשְּׁטָר, מִכֹּחַ זַרְעוֹ שֶׁיָּרַשׁ אִמּוֹ וְהוּא יוֹרֵשׁ זַרְעוֹ (מהרי"ו סִימָן ט"ז). כָּתְבוּ לָהּ מוֹרִישֶׁיהָ קַרְקַע מֵחַיִּים וּפֵרוֹת לְאַחַר מִיתָה, הַבַּעַל יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָהּ קַרְקַע מִמֶּנָּה (מָרְדְּכַי רֵישׁ יֵשׁ נוֹחֲלִין). אֲבָל שֶׁבַח נוֹטֵל בַּמֶּה שֶּׁיּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ הִשְׁבִּיחַ. וְאֵינוֹ יוֹרֵשׁ מִלְוַת אִשְׁתּוֹ, כְּגוֹן שֶׁמֵּתוּ מוֹרִישֶׁיהָ וְהָיְתָה לָהֶם מִלְוֶה בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים כְּשֶּׁנְּשָׂאָהּ, וּמֵתָה קֹדֶם שֶׁגָּבְתָה אוֹתָם. הַגָּה: אֲבָל אִם הִנִּיחוּ מוֹרִישֶׁיהָ נְכָסִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא גָּבְתָה הַבַּת מֵחַיִּים, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם הָיוּ מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים לִכְתֻבַּת אַלְמָנָה, נִקְרָאִים מֻחְזָקִים לַבַּת וְהַבַּעַל יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָם (מָרְדְּכַי פ' כָּל הַנִּשְׁבָּעִין). וְכֵן אִם הָיָה לָהּ מִלְוֶה בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים כְּשֶׁנְּשָׂאָהּ, וּמֵתָה הָאִשָּׁה קֹדֶם שֶׁגָּבְתָה אוֹתָהּ, אֵינוֹ יוֹרְשָׁהּ, אֲבָל אִם הִלְוְתָה מִנִּכְסֵי מְלוֹג, וּמֵתָה קֹדֶם שֶׁגָּבְתָה, בְּזוֹ יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָהּ בַּעֲלָהּ. הַגָּה: כָּל הַנְּכָסִים שֶׁהָיוּ לָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאֵין לְבַעֲלָהּ רְשׁוּת בָּהֶן, וְהִלְוְתָה אוֹתָן לַאֲחֵרִים, אֵין הַבַּעַל יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָן (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם תְּשׁוּבַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א):

A husband inherits his wife, both melog properties (dowry property in which the husband is permitted usufruct) and "iron flock" properties (dowry properties guaranteed 100% by the husband). With what circumstance are we dealing? with property in the direct possession of the wife, but not property which has not yet arrived in her possession, such as an inheritance designated for her, but she died before the grantor. [In the latter case] he does not stand in her stead to inherit. Note: A writ of "half male" which is our current custom, that the father writes to his daughter to inherit 1/2 the share of male children, but if the daughter has no surviving descendants, the debt is canceled; and the daughter died in the lifetime of her father, with surviving descendants, and then the descendant died and subsequently the father died, the husband [of the daughter who died] inherits the rights of that writ, by way of the descendant who inherited his mother, and he [the husband] inherits his own descendants (Mahariv chapter 16). If the grantors of her inheritance wrote equity ownership of land [to be given to the woman] while they are still alive [but withholding the usufruct to themselves], and she would inherit the usufruct after [their] death, the husband inherits that land from her (Mordechai, beginning of chapter Yesh Nochalin in Bava Bathra). But he takes the increase in value of what he inherits from her, for it increased in his hands. He does not inherit his wife's loans. For example, if her grantors died, and they had an outstanding loan in the hands of others when he married her, and she died before collecting those loans. Note: But if her grantors of inheritance left property, even if the daughter did not take possession of that property in her life, and even if they were collateralized for the ketubah of a widow [i.e. of the grantor], that property is considered to be in the daughter's possession, and the [daughter's] husband inherits them (Mordechai, chapter Kol haNishbain). Similarly, if she had an outstanding loan in the hands of others when he married her, and the woman died before collecting the loans, he does not inherit those loans. But if she loaned money from melog properties, and she died before collecting, in these the husband does collect. Note: All properties which a woman had, and to which her husband had no rights, and she loaned them to others, the husband does not inherit (Beit Yosef in the name of Responsa Rashba).

Se’if 2ב׳

מִי שֶׁאָמַר: נְכָסַי לִפְלוֹנִי וְאַחֲרָיו לְיוֹרְשַׁי, דְּקַיְמָא לָן הוּא הַדִּין לְיוֹרְשֵׁי יוֹרְשַׁי, וְאִם הָיְתָה לוֹ בַּת וּמֵתָה בְּחַיֵּי אוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי, וְהָיָה בֵּן לַבַּת, הַבֵּן עוֹמֵד בִּמְקוֹם אִמּוֹ לִירַשׁ לְאוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי. אֲבָל אִם אֵין לַבַּת יוֹרֵשׁ, אֶלָּא בַּעַל, אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי, דְּהָוְיָא לֵהּ רָאוּי. וְאִם אָמַר: נְכָסַי לִפְלוֹנִי וְאַחֲרָיו מֵעַכְשָׁו לְיוֹרְשַׁי, הָוְיָא לֵהּ מֻחְזָק, וּבַעַל הַבַּת יוֹרֵשׁ:

One who says: my estate will go to so-and-so and, after him, to my heirs; since we hold that the same law applies to the heirs of the heir, i.e. he had a daughter who died while he was yet alive, and that daughter has a son, then the son stands in his mother's place to inherit. But if the daughter has no heirs but her husband, then the husband does not inherit, [d'havye lei raui.] And if he said: my estate will go to so-and-so and, after him, from this moment to my heirs, then they become status quo, and the daughter's husband would inherit his wife.

Se’if 3ג׳

הַנּוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה מֵחַיָּבֵי לָאוִין, הוֹאִיל וְקִדּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְסִין בָּהּ, אִם מֵתָה תַּחְתָּיו יִירָשֶׁנָּה. וְכֵן אִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵמִירָה, הַבַּעַל יוֹרְשָׁהּ (בֵּית יוֹסֵף מ"כ בְּשֵׁם אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי). וְכֵן הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה מֵאוּן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ קִדּוּשִׁין גְּמוּרִים, אִם מֵתָה תַּחְתָּיו, יִירָשֶׁנָּה. אֲבָל הַפִּקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֵרֶשֶׁת, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְפַּקְּחָה אַחַר שֶׁנִּשְּׂאָה, אִם מֵתָה לֹא יִירָשֶׁנָּה. וְהַחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִּקַּחַת, וּמֵתָה, יִירָשֶׁנָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי הִיא בַּת דַּעַת וּלְדַעְתָּהּ נִשֵּׂאת לוֹ וְזִכְּתָה לוֹ מָמוֹנָהּ:

One who marries a woman who is among the types of women where marriage will incur a sin [but not grevious enough to incur karet], then he inherits her if she dies, since their marriage was effective. This is also true for a woman who converts (Beit Yosef in the name of the Avi Ezri). Likewise, one who marries a minor who initiates miyun, even though the kiddushin is not complete, he still inherits her if she dies. But a [normal] man who marries a deaf-mute woman, even her hearing restores after their marriage, he does not inherit her if she dies. And a deaf-mute man who marries a [normal] woman, he inherits her if she dies, since she possesses knowledge and, according to her will, she married him, and awarded to him her assets.