אבן העזר קנ״הEven HaEzer 155

Se’if 1א׳

קְטַנָּה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ אָב, אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ אָב וְהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה כְּשֶׁהִיא קְטַנָּה, שֶׁהִיא כִּיתוֹמָה בְּחַיֵּי הָאָב, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין לוֹ עוֹד רְשׁוּת בָּהּ, וְהִשִּׂיאוּהָ לְדַעְתָּהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ אֶלָּא מִדְּרַבָּנָן, אִם אֵינָהּ חֲפֵצָה בְּבַעְלָהּ אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵּט, אֶלָּא יוֹצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ בְּמֵאוּן. אֲבָל אִם הִשִּׂיאוּהָ שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתָּהּ, אוֹ אֲפִלּוּ לְדַעְתָּהּ, וְאֵינָהּ יוֹדַעַת לִשְׁמֹר קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאוּן אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה. הַגָּה: וּלְכַתְּחִלָּה יֵשׁ לְבֵית דִּין לִזָהֵר שֶׁלֹּא לְהַשִּׂיא יְתוֹמָה קְטַנָּה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁנִּרְאֶה לָהֶם שֶׁיָּבֹא לִידֵי מֵאוּן. וְאֵין לַדַּיָּן בְּזֶה אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁעֵינָיו רוֹאוֹת (הַגִּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פֶּרֶק י"א בְּשֵׁם ר"י):

A ketana [girl less than 12 years and a day old] who does not have a father, or she has a father but her father had married her off and she became a widow or she was divorced while still a ketana, and thus she becomes like an orphan in her father's lifetime for he has no authority over her anymore, and she is married off with her permission, since her marriage is only on a rabbinical level, if she does not like her husband, she does not need a get [bill of divorce] from him, but rather she can leave through [the law of] me'un [where she can simply denounce the marriage]. But if she was married off without her permission, or even if it was with her permission, but she didn't know to keep her marriage, she doesn't even need me'un. Rem"a: Ideally the court should make sure not to allow the marriage of an orphan ketana when it seems it will end in me'un. And we can only judge this according to what we can see (Hagahot Maimoni perek 11 in the name of R"Y).

Se’if 2ב׳

אֵיזוֹ הִיא קְטַנָּה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה לְמָאֵן, מִבַּת שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים עַד בַּת עֶשֶׂר בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתָהּ לְפִי יֹפִי דַּעְתָּהּ אִם יוֹדַעַת לִשְׁמֹר קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, וְשֶׁהֵם קִדּוּשִׁין, לֹא שֶׁתִּשְׁמֹר אוֹתָם כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמְּשַׁמֶּרֶת הָאֱגוֹז וְהַתְּמָרָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶם, הֲרֵי זוֹ צְרִיכָה מֵאוּן. וְאִם אֵינָהּ יוֹדַעַת לִשְׁמֹר קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן, אֶלָּא הוֹלֶכֶת לְבֵית אִמָּהּ כְּאִלּוּ לֹא נִתְקַדְּשָׁה מֵעוֹלָם. וּפְחוּתָה מִבַּת שֵׁשׁ, אֲפִלּוּ הִיא נְבוֹנָת לַחַשׁ בְּיוֹתֵר וְיוֹדַעַת לִשְׁמֹר, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה מֵאוּן. וִיתֵרָה עַל בַּת עֶשֶׂר, אֲפִלּוּ סְכָלָה בְּיוֹתֵר, צְרִיכָה מֵאוּן. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּכָל זֶה כְּשֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְדַעַת אַחֶיהָ וְאִמָהּ, אֲבָל אִם נִשֵּׂאת שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתָּן, אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן (הַגָהוֹת אַלְפִסִי פֶּרֶק בֵּית שַׁמַאי). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאִם הִגִּיעָה לְפָעוֹטוֹת, צְרִיכָה לְמָאֵן (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הִרִיטְבָ"א):

What is [a case of] a ketana [a girl less than 12 and a day] who must do a me'un [i.e. refusal of marriage which allows her to leave her husband when she is married off as a ketana]? From 6 years old until 10 years old, we examine her according to her intellectual abilities, if she knows [that she must] guard her marriage, and that when she is married, that the guarding is not like the guarding of a nut or date or similar, that is [a case where] she needs to perform me'un. But if she does not know to guard her marriage, she needs not me'un, but rather she can leave to her mother's house, as if she were never married. Less than 6, even if her sense of understand is great, and she knows to guard, she does not need me'un. More than 10, even if she is very dumb, she needs me'un. Rem"a: Some say that all this is only when she is married off by the permission of her brother and mother, but if she was married off without their permission, she does not need me'un [to go free] (Hagahot Alfasi perek Bet Shammai). Some say that if she is already past toddler's age, she needs to do me'un (Bet Yosef in the name of the Ritva).

Se’if 3ג׳

הַמֵּאוּן הוּא שֶׁתֹּאמַר: אִי אֶפְשִׁי בִּפְלוֹנִי בַּעְלִי אוֹ אִי אֶפְשִׁי בַּקִּדּוּשִׁין שֶׁקִּדְּשׁוּנִי אִמִּי וְאַחַי. וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא אָמְרָה דָּבָר, אֶלָּא הָלְכָה וְנִתְקַדְּשָׁה לְאַחֵר כְּשֶׁהִיא קְטַנָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיְתָה נְשׂוּאָה, קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ הֵם הֵם מֵאוּנֶיהָ:

The me'un [i.e. refusal of marriage in which a ketana girl can go free from marriage without a bill of divorce] is when she says, "I do not like so-and-so my husband," or "I do not like the marriage my mother and brother set up." Even if she doesn't say anything, but leaves and gets proposed to someone else while she is a ketana [less than 12 and a day], even if she was in nissuin [full marriage], her proposal is her refusal.