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The Shulchan Aruch · Even HaEzer

אבן העזר ק״גEven HaEzer 103

Siman 103 of 178 in Even HaEzer — 8 se'ifim

הלכות כתובותLaws of Ketubot· siman 103

Se’if 1א׳

אַלְמָנָה, בֵּין מִן הָאֵרוּסִין אִם כָּתַב לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה, בֵּין מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, מוֹכֶרֶת מִנִּכְסֵי בַּעֲלָהּ לִגְבּוֹת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בְּהַכְרָזָה, לֹא שְׁנָא אִם מוֹכֶרֶת לִגְבּוֹת כָּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ בְּיַחַד, לֹא שְׁנָא אִם מוֹכֶרֶת שְׁלשָׁה אוֹ אַרְבָּעָה פְּעָמִים לִגְבּוֹת מְעַט מְעַט בְּכָל פַּעַם, מוֹכֶרֶת שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין מֻמְחִים, אֲבָל צְרִיכָה בֵּית דִּין הֶדְיוֹטוֹת שְׁלשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים נֶאֱמָנִים בְּקִיאִים בְּשׁוּמַת קַרְקַע. הַגָּה: וְדַוְקָא עִקַּר הַכְּתֻבָּה וְהַתּוֹסֶפֶת, אֲבָל אֵינָהּ מוֹכֶרֶת שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין לִגְבּוֹת נְדוּנְיָתָא, דְּאֵינוֹ רַק כְּחוֹב בְּעָלְמָא (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הָרִיטְבָ"א פֶּרֶק אַלְמָנָה נִזּוֹנֵית). אִם מָכְרָה בֵּינָהּ לְבֵין עַצְמָהּ שָׁוֶה בְּשָׁוֶה, מִכְרָהּ קַיָּם. וְיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִים:

A widow, including one widowed while engaged as long as her fiance wrote her a ketuba, as well as a widow of a marriage, may sell her husband's posessions to raise the money for her ketuba without needing to go to a court or make an announcement, and it does not matter whether she is raising the full amount of the ketuba at one time or she is selling on three or four occasions to raise a small amount each time, she can sell without an expert court, but she does need a court of three regular trustworthy men who know how to appraise land. Rem"a: And this is specifically for the main part of the ketuba and any additions [written into the ketuba], but she cannot sell without a court in order to raise money for [reclaiming] her dowry, because the dowry money is just like a regular debt [without the special status of a ketuba] (Beit Yosef in the name of the Ritv"a chapter 11, "almanah nizoneit"). If she "sells" to herself by exchanging equal amounts [NEEDS BETTER TRANSLATION] the sale is valid, but some disagree.

Se’if 2ב׳

אַחֲרָיוּת הַמֶּכֶר עַל הַיְתוֹמִים, בֵּין אִם תִּמְכֹּר הִיא אוֹ בֵּית דִּין. וְלָכֵן אַף אִם מָכְרוּ בֵּית דִּין בְּטָעוּת, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה מָחֲלָה הַכְּתֻבָּה לַיְתוֹמִים בַּסֵּתֶר, אֵין הַיְתוֹמִים יְכוֹלִין לִטְרֹף מִן הַלּוֹקֵחַ (תְּשׁוּבַת הָרֹא"שׁ כְּלָל ס"ג):

The orphans [children of a woman's deceased husband] must accept responsibility (i.e. title insurance) for the sale [by the wife of the husband's possessions to raise money for the ketuba], whether she sells them or a court sells them. Therefore, even if the court sold by accident, such as a case where the wife forgave to the orphans to the fulfillment of the ketuba (since the wife forgave the ketuba, she no longer should have a right to sell property to raise money to pay the ketuba), the orphans may not seize the assets from the buyer (responsum of the Ro"sh 63)

Se’if 3ג׳

גְּרוּשָׁה, לֹא תִּמְכֹּר אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין מֻמְחִים. וְאַלְמָנָה נַמִּי, אִם נִשֵּׂאת, לֹא תִּמְכֹּר אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין מֻמְחִים:

A divorcee can only sell through an expert court. Similarly, widow who has remarried may only sell through an expert court.

…and 3 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Even HaEzer — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0