אבן העזר ק״בEven HaEzer 102

Se’if 1א׳

מִי שֶׁמֵּת, וְאַלְמְנָתוֹ אוֹ גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ (מָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק הַכּוֹתֵב) בָּאָה לִגְבּוֹת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וְעָלָיו בַּעַל חוֹב, אִם זְמַן שֶׁל אֶחָד מֵהֶם מֻקְדָּם, וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ אֶלָּא קַרְקַע כְּדֵי לִפְרֹעַ לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם, מִי שֶׁזְּמַנּוֹ קוֹדֵם יִגְבֶּה, וְהָאַחֵר יִדָּחֶה, בֵּין אַלְמָנָה בֵּין בַּעַל חוֹב. וַאֲפִלּוּ תָּפַס הַמְאֻחָר, מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדוֹ. הַגָּה: הָיְתָה הַכְּתֻבָּה מֻקְדֶּמֶת, אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לוֹמַר: לֹא אֶגְבֶּה כְּתֻבָּתִי עַכְשָׁו רַק אֶהְיֶה נִזּוֹנֵית בְּבֵית בַּעֲלִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ אֶגְבֶּה כְּתֻבָּתִי, אֶלָּא נוֹתְנִים לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וְהַמּוֹתָר לְבַעַל חוֹב וְעַיֵּן בְּחשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט סִימָן צ"ז:

If a man died and his widow (Rem"a: or his divorcee) comes to collect her Ketubah, and there is a creditor on his property, if the date of one of them is earlier, and there is only enough land left to pay one of them, the one with the earlier date collects, and the other is deferred, whether it be the widow or the creditor. Even if the one with the later date seized the property, the court reclaims it. Rem"a: If the Ketubah is earlier she cannot say, "I will not collect the Ketubah now. I would rather be sustained in my husband's house and collect the Ketubah later." Instead, we give her the Ketubah immmediately, and the remainder goes to the creditor. See (Shulchan Arukh, Chosen Mishpat 97).

Se’if 2ב׳

לֹא הִנִּיחַ אֶלָּא מִטַּלְטְלִים שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם קְדִימָה, כְּגוֹן דְּלָא אַקְנֵי לָהּ מִטַּלְטְלֵי אַגַּב מְקַרְקְעֵי, יִנָתְנוּ לְבַעַל חוֹב, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא מְאֻחָר, וְתִדָּחֶה הָאִשָּׁה מִלִּגְבּוֹת עִקָּר וְתוֹסֶפֶת. וּמִיהוּ, אִם תָּפְסָה, אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָהּ. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דַּאֲפִלּוּ תָּפְסָה, מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָהּ (מָרְדְּכַי בְּשֵׁם מוהר"ם פֶּרֶק הַכּוֹתֵב), וְכֵן הוֹרוּ הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מַהֲרִי"ל וּמהרי"ו. וְאֵין חִלּוּק בָּזֶה בֵּין מִלְוֶה בִּשְׁטָר אוֹ מִלְוָה עַל פֶּה הַיְדוּעָה (מהרי"ו סִימָן ל'). אֲבָל אִם אֵינָהּ יְדוּעָה, יְכוֹלָה לוֹמַר: דִּלְמָא אֵינוֹ חַיָּב לְךְ. וּלְכֻלֵּי עָלְמָא אִם תָּפְסָה פִּקָּדוֹן שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים שֶׁהָיָה בְּיַד בַּעֲלָהּ, צְרִיכָה לְהַחֲזִיר (מהרא"י בִּפְסָקָיו סִימָן ר"ס). יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאֵין כּוֹתְבִין "אַגַּב", בִּכְתֻבָּה, וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין. מִיהוּ, אֲפִלּוּ כָּתַב, בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה, אֵין לָחוּשׁ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל סִימָן ק':

If the estate only contains movable property that are not subject to 'first rights', such as property that was not acquired in conjuction with land, they are given to the creditor, even if he is the later on, and the wife is deferred from collecting both the primary [Ketubah] and any excess obligation. Nevertheless, if she seized the property, even outside of the court, we do not reclaim it from her. Rem"a: Some authorities say that we do reclaim it if she seized property. This was the position of the Maharil and Mahari Veil. There is not distinction in these matters between a loan that was recorded in a contract and a verbal loan that is well known. In the case of an unknown verbal loan she can say, "perhaps he does not owe you." All authorities agree that if she seized an object that her husband was watching for another person she must return it. Some authorities say that we do not explicitly mention movable properties that are acquired through acquisition of land in the Ketubah, and this is the standard practice. Even if was included, in the present time we are not concerned for it, as is explained earlier (Shulchan Arukh, Even HaEzer 100).

Se’if 3ג׳

אִם זְמַן שְׁנֵיהֶם שָׁוִין, אוֹ שֶׁנָּשָׂא וְלָוָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ קָנָה, אוֹ שֶׁלָּוָה וְנָשָׂא וְאַחַר כָּךְ קָנָה, שֶׁחָל שִׁעְבּוּדָם כְּאֶחָד בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁקָּנָה, בֵּין שֶׁהִנִּיחַ מְקַרְקְעֵי אוֹ מִטַּלְטְלֵי, יִנָּתְנוּ לְבַעַל חוֹב וְתִדָּחֶה הָאִשָּׁה מִגְּבִיַּת עִקָּר וְתוֹסֶפֶת. וְאִם קָדְמָה הָאִשָּׁה וְתָפְסָה קַרְקַע, אִם קָדְמָה וְגָבְתָה בְּבֵית דִּין, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִגְבּוּהָ בֵּית דִּין קֹדֶם שֶׁיָּדְעוּ שֶׁהָיָה שָׁם בַּעַל חוֹב, אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מִיָּדָהּ. אֲבָל אִם גָּבְתָה מֵעַצְמָהּ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי שׁוּמָא, מַפְּקִינָן מִנַּהּ. וְאִם קָדְמָה וְתָפְסָה מִטַּלְטְלִין, אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין, לָא מַפְּקִינָן מִנַּהּ. הַגָּה: אַלְמָנָה שֶׁבָּאת לִגְבּוֹת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וְהַיְתוֹמִים טוֹעֲנִין שֶׁתִּתֵּן עַרְבוּת שֶׁאִם יִמָּצְאוּ אַחַר כָּךְ בַּעֲלֵי חוֹב הַמֻּקְדָּמִים שֶׁתַּחֲזִיר מַה שֶּׁגָּבְתָה, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לָהֶם וְגוֹבֵאת כָּךְ בְּלֹא עַרְבוּת (רִיבָ"שׁ סִימָן רצ"ט):

If the time of both is equal, or if he married and borrowed, and later acquired property, or he borrowed and married and then acquired, such that both of their liens took effect when he acquired, whether he left [in his estate] land or movable property, they are given to the creditor and the wife is deferred from collecting the primary [Ketubah] and any excess. If the wife seized the land, if she did so in the court, such as the court collected it for her before they knew about the presence of the creditor, we do not reclaim it. If she seized it on her own, however, even with a professional appraisal, we remove it from her. If she seized movable property, even without the court, we do not remove it form her. Rem"a: If a widow that comes to collect her Ketubah and the orphans demand that she provide a guarantor so that in the event that higher priority creditors are found she will return what she collected, we do not listen to them and she may collect without a guarantor.