הלכות שבת ח׳Sabbath 8

Chapter 8 of 30 in Sabbath — 16 halachot

Checking for audio…

Halacha 1א׳

הַחוֹרֵשׁ כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. הַמְנַכֵּשׁ בְּעִקְּרֵי הָאִילָנוֹת וְהַמְקַרְסֵם עֲשָׂבִים אוֹ הַמְזָרֵד אֶת הַשָּׂרִיגִים כְּדֵי לְיַפּוֹת אֶת הַקַּרְקַע הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת חוֹרֵשׁ וּמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. וְכֵן הַמַּשְׁוֶה פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִשְׁפִּיל הַתֵּל וְרִדְּדוֹ אוֹ מִלֵּא הַגַּיְא חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם חוֹרֵשׁ. וְשִׁעוּרוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וְכֵן כָּל הַמַּשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת שִׁעוּרוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא:

One who plows a minimal amount is liable. One who weeds around tree roots, one who removes grass and one who prunes twigs to beautify the land are surely [doing] a subcategory of plowing; so from when he does a minimal amount, he is liable. Likewise, one who evens out the surface of a field – such as one who lowered a mound and flattened it or one who filled in a gully – is liable on account of plowing, and its [requisite] amount is a minimal amount. Likewise the [requisite] amount for anyone who evens out hole is a minimal amount.

Halacha 2ב׳

הַזּוֹרֵעַ כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. הַזּוֹמֵר אֶת הָאִילָן כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצְמַח הֲרֵי זֶה מֵעֵין זוֹרֵעַ. אֲבָל הַמַּשְׁקֶה צְמָחִין וְאִילָנוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת זוֹרֵעַ וְחַיָּב בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. וְכֵן הַשּׁוֹרֶה חִטִּין וּשְׂעוֹרִין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן בַּמַּיִם הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלֶדֶת זוֹרֵעַ וְחַיָּב בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא:

One who sows a minimal amount is liable. One who prunes a tree in order for it to grow is surely [doing a] derivative of sowing. But one who waters plants and trees on Shabbat is surely [doing a] subcategory of sowing, so he is [also] liable with a minimal amount. Likewise, one who soaks wheat and barley and that which is similar to them in water is surely [doing a] subcategory of sowing, so he is liable with a minimal amount.

Halacha 3ג׳

הַקּוֹצֵר כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת חַיָּב. וְתוֹלֵשׁ תּוֹלֶדֶת קוֹצֵר הוּא. וְכָל הָעוֹקֵר דָּבָר מִגִּדּוּלוֹ חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר. לְפִיכָךְ צְרוֹר שֶׁעָלוּ בּוֹ עֲשָׂבִים וּכְשׁוּת שֶׁעָלָה בַּסְּנֶה וַעֲשָׂבִים שֶׁצָּמְחוּ עַל גַּב הֶחָבִית. הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵהֶן חַיָּב שֶׁזֶּה הוּא מְקוֹם גִּדּוּלָן. אֲבָל הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵעָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב פָּטוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין זֶה מְקוֹם גִּדּוּלוֹ. וְעָצִיץ נָקוּב בִּכְדֵי שֹׁרֶשׁ קָטָן הֲרֵי הוּא כְּאֶרֶץ וְהַתּוֹלֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ חַיָּב:

One who reaps [something] the size of a dried fig is liable. And one who severs [a plant] is [doing a] subcategory of reaping. And anyone who uproots something from [the source of] its growth is liable for reaping. Hence one who severs grass from a rock, dodder that grew on a bush or grass that grew on top of a barrel is liable – as this the place of their growth. But one who severs [a plant] from a pot without a hole is exempt, as this is not the place of its growth. However one who severs [it] from a pot with a hole [big enough] for a small root is liable – since it is surely like the ground.

Halacha 4ד׳

כָּל זֶרַע שֶׁקְּצִירָתוֹ מַצְמַחַת אוֹתוֹ וּמְגַדַּלְתּוֹ כְּגוֹן אַסְפַּסְתָּא וְסִלְקָא. הַקּוֹצְרוֹ בִּשְׁגָגָה חַיָּב שְׁתֵּי חַטָּאוֹת. אַחַת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קוֹצֵר וְאַחַת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵעַ. וְכֵן הַזּוֹמֵר וְהוּא צָרִיךְ לָעֵצִים חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר וּמִשּׁוּם נוֹטֵעַ. גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית שֶׁל עָפָר שֶׁעָלוּ בָּהּ עֲשָׂבִים, הִגְבִּיהָהּ מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ וְהִנִּיחָהּ עַל גַּבֵּי יְתֵדוֹת חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם תּוֹלֵשׁ. הָיְתָה עַל גַּבֵּי יְתֵדוֹת וְהִנִּיחָהּ עַל הָאָרֶץ חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם זוֹרֵעַ. תְּאֵנִים שֶׁיָּבְשׁוּ בְּאִבֵּיהֶן וְכֵן אִילָן שֶׁיָּבְשׁוּ פֵּרוֹתָיו בּוֹ. הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵהֶן בְּשַׁבָּת חַיָּב אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן כַּעֲקוּרִין לְעִנְיַן טֻמְאָה:

One who inadvertently reaps any plant, the reaping of which makes it flourish and grow – such as alfalfa or beets – is liable for two sin-offerings. One is on account that he is reaping and [the other] is on account that he is planting. Likewise one who reaps and needs the wood [of the branches] that he cuts is liable on account of harvesting and on account of planting. [If] one lifted a clod of dirt upon which grass grew from the ground and placed it on stakes, he is liable on account of severing. If it was on the stakes and he put on the ground, he is liable on account of planting. One who on Shabbat severs figs that have dried in their source (the tree), and likewise the fruit of any tree that has dried upon it, is liable – even though they are [considered] uprooted regarding impurity.

Halacha 5ה׳

הַתּוֹלֵשׁ עֻלְשִׁין הַמְזָרֵד זְרָדִין. אִם לַאֲכִילָה שִׁעוּרוֹ כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת. וְאִם לִבְהֵמָה שִׁעוּרוֹ כִּמְלוֹא פִּי גְּדִי. וְאִם לְהַסָּקָה שִׁעוּרוֹ כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל בֵּיצָה. הַמְעַמֵּר אֳכָלִין אִם לַאֲכִילָה שִׁעוּרוֹ כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת. וְאִם עִמֵּר לִבְהֵמָה שִׁעוּרוֹ כִּמְלוֹא פִּי גְּדִי. וְאִם לְהַסָּקָה שִׁעוּרוֹ כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל בֵּיצָה. וּבֵיצָה הָאֲמוּרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם הִיא בֵּיצָה בֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁל תַּרְנְגוֹלִין. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל בֵּיצָה הוּא כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת מִבֵּיצָה וּגְרוֹגֶרֶת אֶחָד מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה בְּבֵיצָה. וְאֵין עִמּוּר אֶלָּא בְּגִדּוּלֵי קַרְקַע:

[In the case of] one who severs endives [or] who prunes reeds: If he does it for eating [by humans], its [requisite] amount is like a dried fig. But if it is for an animal [to eat], its amount] is the fill of a small goat’s mouth. And if it was for burning (fuel), its amount is enough to cook an egg. [In the case of] one who binds edibles: If he does it for eating [by humans], its [requisite] amount is like a dried fig. But if he bound [it] for an animal [to eat], its amount is the fill of a small goat’s mouth. And if it was for burning, its amount is enough to cook an egg. And the egg that is mentioned in every place is a medium egg of a chicken. And every places that it says, “enough to cook an egg,” it [means] enough to cook the size of a dried fig from the egg. And the size of a dried fig is a third of an egg. And [the prohibition] of binding is only with that which grows from the ground.

…and 11 more halachot in this chapter.

Become a premium member

Or start free — a free account opens your first 5 gematria searches in full. Create free account

The daily learning is free on your account, every day.

Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY