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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שבת ז׳Sabbath 7

Chapter 7 of 30 in Sabbath — 9 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

מְלָאכוֹת שֶׁחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן סְקִילָה וְכָרֵת בְּמֵזִיד אוֹ קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת בִּשְׁגָגָה. מֵהֶן אָבוֹת וּמֵהֶן תּוֹלָדוֹת. וּמִנְיַן כָּל אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אַחַת. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן. הַחֲרִישָׁה. וְהַזְּרִיעָה. וְהַקְּצִירָה. וְהָעִמּוּר. וְהַדִּישָׁה. וְהַזְּרִיָּה. וְהַבְּרִירָה. וְהַטְּחִינָה. וְהַהַרְקָדָה. וְהַלִּישָׁה. וְהָאֲפִיָּה. וְהַגְּזִיזָה. וְהַלִּבּוּן. וְהַנִּפּוּץ. וְהַצְּבִיעָה. וְהַטְּוִיָּה. וַעֲשִׂיַּת הַנִּירִין. וְהַנְסָכַת הַמַּסֵּכָה. וְהָאֲרִיגָה. וְהַבְּצִיעָה. וְהַקְּשִׁירָה. וְהַהַתָּרָה. וְהַתְּפִירָה. וְהַקְּרִיעָה. וְהַבִּנְיָן. וְהַסְּתִירָה. וְהַכָּאָה בְּפַטִּישׁ. וְהַצִּידָה. וְהַשְּׁחִיטָה. וְהַהַפְשָׁטָה. וְהַהַעֲבָדָה. וּמְחִיקַת הָעוֹר. וְחִתּוּכוֹ. וְהַכְּתִיבָה. וְהַמְּחִיקָה. וְהַשִּׂרְטוּט. וְהַהַבְעָרָה. וְהַכִּבּוּי. וְהַהוֹצָאָה מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת:

[With regard to] the forbidden types of work for which one is liable stoning and excision if volitional, and a sin-offering if inadvertent – some of them are primary categories (avot), and some of them are sub-categories (toledot). And the number of the primary categories of all the types of forbidden work is forty-less-one. And these are them: Plowing, sowing, reaping, binding, threshing, winnowing, sorting, grinding, sifting, kneading, baking, shearing, whitening, combing, dyeing, spinning, making loops, tying the threads of the warp to the base of the loom, weaving, separating the threads, tying, untying, sewing, tearing, building, demolishing, striking with a hammer, hunting, slaughtering, skinning, curing, smoothing leather, cutting, writing, erasing, etching [lines into parchment], burning, extinguishing and carrying from one domain to another.

Halacha 2ב׳

כָּל אֵלּוּ הַמְּלָאכוֹת וְכָל שֶׁהוּא מֵעִנְיָנָם הֵם הַנִּקְרָאִין אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת. כֵּיצַד הוּא עִנְיָנָן. אֶחָד הַחוֹרֵשׁ אוֹ הַחוֹפֵר אוֹ הָעוֹשֶׂה חָרִיץ הֲרֵי זֶה אַב מְלָאכָה. שֶׁכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת מֵהֶן חֲפִירָה בַּקַּרְקַע וְעִנְיָן אֶחָד הוּא:

All these types of work and anything that [shares] their function are called primary categories of forbidden work. How is their scope? It is one whether he plows or digs or makes a furrow, they are certainly [the same] primary category of forbidden work. As each and every one is digging into the ground, and they have one function.

Halacha 3ג׳

וְכֵן הַזּוֹרֵעַ זְרָעִים אוֹ הַנּוֹטֵעַ אִילָנוֹת אוֹ הַמַּבְרִיךְ אִילָנוֹת אוֹ הַמַּרְכִּיב אוֹ הַזּוֹמֵר. כָּל אֵלּוּ אָב אֶחָד הֵן מֵאֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת וְעִנְיָן אֶחָד הוּא. שֶׁכָּל אַחַת מֵהֶן לְצַמֵּחַ דָּבָר הוּא מִתְכַּוֵּן:

Likewise one who plants seeds, one who plants trees, one who puts shoots into the ground, one who grafts and one who prunes – all of these are [only] one primary category from the primary categories of work, and they have one function. For each one of them is intended make something grow.

…and 4 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY