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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שביתת יום טוב ז׳Rest on a Holiday 7

Chapter 7 of 8 in Rest on a Holiday — 25 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

חֻלוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ (ויקרא כג כד) (ויקרא כג לט) "שַׁבָּתוֹן" הוֹאִיל וְנִקְרָא (ויקרא כג ז) "מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ" וַהֲרֵי הוּא זְמַן חֲגִיגָה בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ אָסוּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה כִּשְׁאָר יְמֵי הַחל שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן קְדֻשָּׁה כְּלָל. וְהָעוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מְלָאכָה הָאֲסוּרָה מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאִסּוּרוֹ מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. וְלֹא כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה אֲסוּרָה בּוֹ כְּיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁסּוֹף הָעִנְיָן בַּדְּבָרִים שֶׁנֶּאֶסְרוּ בּוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה כְּיוֹם חֹל לְכָל דָּבָר. לְפִיכָךְ יֵשׁ מְלָאכוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת בּוֹ וְיֵשׁ מְלָאכוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת בּוֹ:

The intermediate days of a festival: although "a solemn rest" is not said of them, since they are called "a holy convocation" (Leviticus 23:7) and they are the time of the festival offering in the Sanctuary, the doing of work is forbidden on them, so that they not be as the rest of the weekdays, which have no sanctity at all. And one who does forbidden work on them is given lashes of rebellion, since their prohibition is from the words of the Scribes. And not every kind of laborious work is forbidden on them as on a festival, for the sum of the matter in the things that were forbidden on them is that they not be as a weekday in every respect. Therefore there are labours that are forbidden on them and labours that are permitted on them.

Halacha 2ב׳

וְאֵלּוּ הֵן. כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁאִם לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ בַּמּוֹעֵד יִהְיֶה שָׁם הֶפְסֵד הַרְבֵּה עוֹשִׂין אוֹתָהּ. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בָּהּ טֹרַח הַרְבֵּה. כֵּיצַד. מַשְׁקִין בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין בַּמּוֹעֵד אֲבָל לֹא בֵּית הַמַּשְׁקֶה. שֶׁאִם לֹא יַשְׁקֶה בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין וְהִיא הָאָרֶץ הַצְּמֵאָה יִפָּסְדוּ בּוֹ הָאִילָנוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַשְׁקֶה אוֹתָהּ לֹא יִדְלֶה וְיַשְׁקֶה מִן הַבְּרֵכָה אוֹ מִמֵּי הַגְּשָׁמִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טֹרַח גָּדוֹל. אֲבָל מַשְׁקֶה הוּא מִן הַמַּעְיָן בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה בֵּין שֶׁיָּצָא לְכַתְּחִלָּה מַמְשִׁיכוֹ וּמַשְׁקֶה בּוֹ. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:

And these are those [that are permitted]: --- How is this? We may irrigate a dry field on [the intermediate days of] a festival, but not a [naturally] watered field. For if you will not irrigate the dry field—and that is land that is parched—the trees that are on it will go bad. But when he irrigates it, he should not not draw from a pool or from rain water, because it involves much toil. Rather, he irrigates it from a spring—whether it was [already there] or whether it was a newly emerged spring (that began to flow on the festival)—he may extend it and irrigate with it. And likewise anything that is similar to this.

Halacha 3ג׳

הוֹפֵךְ אָדָם אֶת זֵיתָיו בַּמּוֹעֵד וְטוֹחֵן אוֹתָן וְדוֹרֵךְ אוֹתָן וּמְמַלֵּא הֶחָבִיּוֹת וְגַף אוֹתָן כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְּחל. כָּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ הֶפְסֵד אִם לֹא נַעֲשָׂה עוֹשֵׂהוּ כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שִׁנּוּי. וְכֵן מַכְנִיס אָדָם פֵּרוֹתָיו מִפְּנֵי הַגַּנָּבִים וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּכְנִיסֵם בְּצִנְעָה. וְשׁוֹלֶה פִּשְׁתָּנוֹ מִן הַמִּשְׁרֶה בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאבַד. וְכֵן כֶּרֶם שֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַנּוֹ לְהִבָּצֵר בַּמּוֹעֵד בּוֹצְרִין אוֹתוֹ:

One may turn his olives [in the press] on the festival, grind them, thresh them, fill his barrels and [then] plug them, in the way that he does on [weekdays]. One may do anything that would [cause] a loss to it if it is not done [now] in his usual way; and it does not require an alteration. And likewise may one bring his fruit in (from the field) because of thieves. And [that is] so long as he does it in private. And he may draw his flax out of the soaking pool so that it not become ruined. Likewise may we harvest a vineyard when its time to be reaped came out on the festival.

…and 20 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation