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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות שביתת יום טוב ו׳Rest on a Holiday 6

Chapter 6 of 8 in Rest on a Holiday — 24 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

יוֹם טוֹב שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת אֵין אוֹפִין וּמְבַשְּׁלִין בְּיוֹם טוֹב מַה שֶּׁהוּא אוֹכֵל לְמָחָר בְּשַׁבָּת. וְאִסּוּר זֶה מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא לְבַשֵּׁל מִיּוֹם טוֹב לְחל. שֶׁקַּל וָחֹמֶר הוּא לְשַׁבָּת אֵינוֹ מְבַשֵּׁל כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לְחל. לְפִיכָךְ אִם עָשָׂה תַּבְשִׁיל מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו וּמְבַשֵּׁל וְאוֹפֶה בְּיוֹם טוֹב לְשַׁבָּת הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר. וְתַבְשִׁיל שֶׁסּוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו הוּא הַנִּקְרָא עֵרוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין:

A festival that falls on the eve of the Sabbath — one does not bake or cook on the festival what he will eat on the morrow, on the Sabbath. And this prohibition is from the words of the Scribes, so that he not come to cook from a festival for a weekday; for it is an argument a fortiori: for the Sabbath he may not cook, how much more so for a weekday. Therefore, if he made a cooked dish on the eve of the festival, upon which he will rely and cook and bake on the festival for the Sabbath, this is permitted. And the cooked dish upon which he relies is what is called eruvei tavshilin, the joining of cooked dishes.

Halacha 2ב׳

וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ עֵרוּב. שֶׁכְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָעֵרוּב שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בַּחֲצֵרוֹת וּמְבוֹאוֹת מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת מִשּׁוּם הֶכֵּר כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲלֶה עַל דַּעְתָּם שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְהוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת בְּשַׁבָּת. כָּךְ זֶה הַתַּבְשִׁיל מִשּׁוּם הֶכֵּר וְזִכָּרוֹן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְדַמּוּ וְיַחְשְׁבוּ שֶׁמֻּתָּר לֶאֱפוֹת בְּיוֹם טוֹב מַה שֶּׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם. וּלְפִיכָךְ נִקְרָא תַּבְשִׁיל זֶה עֵרוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין:

And why is its name called an eruv? Because just as the eruv that they make in courtyards and alleys on the eve of the Sabbath is for a sign, so that it not enter their mind that it is permitted to carry from one domain to another on the Sabbath, so this cooked dish is for a sign and a remembrance, so that they not suppose and think that it is permitted to bake on a festival what is not eaten on that day. And therefore this cooked dish is called eruvei tavshilin.

Halacha 3ג׳

עֵרוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין שִׁעוּרוֹ אֵין פָּחוֹת מִכְּזַיִת בֵּין לְאֶחָד בֵּין לַאֲלָפִים. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין עֵרוּב זֶה לֹא בְּפַת וְלֹא בְּרִיפוֱֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֶלָּא בְּתַבְשִׁיל שֶׁהוּא פַּרְפֶּרֶת כְּגוֹן בָּשָׂר וְדָגִים וּבֵיצִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. וַאֲפִלּוּ עֲדָשִׁים שֶׁבְּשׁוּלֵי קְדֵרָה וַאֲפִלּוּ שַׁמְנוּנִית שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַסַּכִּין שֶׁחוֹתְכִין בָּהּ הַצָּלִי גּוֹרְדוֹ אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּזַיִת סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו מִשּׁוּם עֵרוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין:

The measure of an eruv tavshilin is not less than a kazayit (the mass of a large olive)—whether it is for one or for thousands. And we do not make this eruv with bread nor with groats, but rather with a dish which is an accompaniment (to the bread)—such as meat, fish, eggs and that which is similar to them. For an eruv tavshilin, one can even rely upon lentils at the bottom of the pot, and even upon the fat on the knife when he cuts the roast—he may rub it off [for this purpose], if there is a kazayit of it.

…and 19 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation