הלכות שגגות ז׳Offerings for Unintentional Transgressions 7

Halacha 1א׳

הַמִּשְׁתַחֲוְה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְנִסֵּךְ וְקִטֵּר וְזִבֵּחַ בְּהֶעְלֵם אַחַת חַיָּב אַרְבַּע חַטָּאוֹת. וְכֵן אִם פִּעֵר עַצְמוֹ לִפְעוֹר וְזָרַק אֶבֶן לְמַרְקוּלִיס בְּהֶעְלֵם אַחַת. חַיָּב שְׁתַּיִם. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה יְהֵא חַיָּב עַל כָּל עֲבוֹדָה וַעֲבוֹדָה. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּשֶׁהֵזִיד בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְשָׁגַג בַּעֲבוֹדוֹת אֵלּוּ. אֲבָל אִם הֵזִיד בַּעֲבוֹדוֹת אֵלּוּ וְשָׁגַג בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא חַטָּאת אַחַת. כֵּיצַד. יָדַע שֶׁזּוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְשֶׁאָסוּר לְעָבְדָהּ אֲבָל לֹא יָדַע שֶׁהַהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה וְהַנִּסּוּךְ עֲבֵרָה וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוָה וְנִסֵּךְ חַיָּב שְׁתַּיִם. יָדַע שֶׁאֵלּוּ עֲבוֹדוֹת הֵן וְאָסוּר לַעֲבֹד בָּהֶן לְאֵל אַחֵר וְלֹא יָדַע שֶׁזּוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה שֶׁל כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב וְעָלָה עַל דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁאֵין קְרוּיִין עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה אֶלָּא שֶׁל כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב וַעֲבָדָהּ בְּכָל הָעֲבוֹדוֹת אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא חַטָּאת אַחַת:

One who bows down to an idol, and pours a libation, and burns incense, and slaughters, in a single lapse of awareness, is liable to four sin-offerings. So too if he uncovered himself before Peor and threw a stone at Mercury in a single lapse of awareness, he is liable to two. And so in every like case, he is liable for each and every act of worship. To what does this apply? Where he acted deliberately as to the idolatry and unwittingly as to these acts of worship. But if he acted deliberately as to these acts of worship and unwittingly as to the idolatry, he is liable to only one sin-offering. How so? If he knew that this was an idol and that it is forbidden to worship it, but did not know that bowing down and pouring a libation are a transgression, and he bowed down and poured a libation — he is liable to two. If he knew that these are acts of worship and that it is forbidden to perform them for another god, but did not know that this was an idol, because it was not of silver or of gold and it entered his mind that only things of silver and gold are called idols, and he worshipped it with all the acts of worship — he is liable to only one sin-offering.

Halacha 2ב׳

כְּלָל גָּדוֹל אָמְרוּ בְּשַׁבָּת כָּל הַשּׁוֹכֵחַ עִקַּר שַׁבָּת וְשָׁכַח שֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל הַשַּׁבָּת. אוֹ שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּה וְהוּא קָטָן לְבֵין הָעַכּוּ"ם אוֹ נִתְגַּיֵּר קָטָן וְהוּא בֵּין הָעַכּוּ"ם. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה מְלָאכוֹת הַרְבֵּה בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת הַרְבֵּה אֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא חַטָּאת אַחַת שֶׁהַכּל שְׁגָגָה אַחַת הִיא. וְכֵן חַיָּב חַטָּאת אַחַת עַל כָּל חֵלֶב שֶׁאָכַל וְחַטָּאת אַחַת עַל דָּם שֶׁאָכַל. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה בַּעֲבוֹדוֹת אֵלּוּ. וְכָל הַיּוֹדֵעַ עִקַּר שַׁבָּת אֲבָל שָׁכַח שֶׁהַיּוֹם שַׁבָּת וְדִמָּה שֶׁהוּא חֹל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בּוֹ מְלָאכוֹת הַרְבֵּה חַיָּב חַטָּאת אַחַת עַל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ וְכֵן חַטָּאת עַל כָּל שַׁבָּת וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁשָּׁגַג בּוֹ:

A great principle they stated concerning the Sabbath: anyone who forgot the very principle of the Sabbath and forgot that Israel were commanded concerning the Sabbath, or who was taken captive as a minor among the nations, or who converted as a minor while among the nations — even though he did many kinds of work on many Sabbaths, he is liable to only one sin-offering, for the whole is one unintentional act. So too he is liable to one sin-offering for all the forbidden fat he ate, and one sin-offering for the blood he ate. And so in all like cases among these transgressions. And anyone who knows the principle of the Sabbath but forgot that today is the Sabbath and supposed that it was a weekday — even though he did many kinds of work on it, he is liable to one sin-offering for the whole day; and likewise a sin-offering for each and every Sabbath concerning which he erred.

Halacha 3ג׳

וְכָל הַיּוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַיּוֹם שַׁבָּת וְשָׁגַג בִּמְלָאכוֹת וְלֹא יָדַע שֶׁמְּלָאכוֹת אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרוֹת אוֹ שֶׁיָּדַע שֶׁהֵן אֲסוּרוֹת וְלֹא יָדַע שֶׁחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כָּרֵת וְעָשָׂה מְלָאכוֹת הַרְבֵּה. חַיָּב חַטָּאת עַל כָּל אַב מְלָאכָה וּמְלָאכָה. אֲפִלּוּ עָשָׂה הָאַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אַחַת בְּהֶעְלֵם אַחַת מֵבִיא שְׁלֹשִׁים וְתֵשַׁע חַטָּאוֹת:

And anyone who knows that today is the Sabbath but erred concerning the kinds of work, not knowing that these kinds of work are forbidden, or knowing that they are forbidden but not knowing that one is liable to excision for them, and who did many kinds of work — is liable to a sin-offering for each and every primary category of work. Even if he did the forty less one in a single lapse of awareness, he brings thirty-nine sin-offerings.