הלכות דעות ד׳Human Dispositions 4

Halacha 1א׳

הוֹאִיל וֶהֱיוֹת הַגּוּף בָּרִיא וְשָׁלֵם מִדַּרְכֵי הַשֵּׁם הוּא. שֶׁהֲרֵי אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיָּבִין אוֹ יֵדַע דָּבָר מִידִיעַת הַבּוֹרֵא וְהוּא חוֹלֶה. לְפִיכָךְ צָרִיךְ לְהַרְחִיק אָדָם עַצְמוֹ מִדְּבָרִים הַמְאַבְּדִין אֶת הַגּוּף. וּלְהַנְהִיג עַצְמוֹ בִּדְבָרִים הַמַּבְרִין וְהַמַּחֲלִימִים. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: לְעוֹלָם לֹא יֹאכַל אָדָם אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהוּא רָעֵב. וְלֹא יִשְׁתֶּה אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהוּא צָמֵא. וְאַל יַשְׁהֵא נְקָבָיו אֲפִלּוּ רֶגַע אֶחָד. אֶלָּא כָּל זְמַן שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהַשְׁתִּין אוֹ לְהָסֵךְ אֶת רַגְלָיו יַעֲמֹד מִיָּד:

Since the body being healthy and wholesome is from the paths of God - as behold, it is impossible for one to understand or to know anything of Godly wisdom when he is sick - therefore one must distance himself from things that are damaging to the body and to accustom himself to things that are healthy and therapeutic, and they are as follows: A person should always only eat when he is hungry, and drink when he is thirsty. And he should not delay his orifices even one second, but rather whenever he feels the need to urinate or defecate he should immediately get up.

Halacha 2ב׳

לֹא יֹאכַל אָדָם עַד שֶׁתִּתְמַלֵּא כְּרֵסוֹ אֶלָּא יִפְחֹת כְּמוֹ רְבִיעַ מִשָּׂבְעָתוֹ. וְלֹא יִשְׁתֶּה מַיִם בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן אֶלָּא מְעַט וּמָזוּג בְּיַיִן. וּכְשֶׁיַּתְחִיל הַמָּזוֹן לְהִתְעַכֵּל בְּמֵעָיו שׁוֹתֶה מַה שֶּׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִשְׁתּוֹת. וְלֹא יַרְבֶּה לִשְׁתּוֹת מַיִם וַאֲפִלּוּ כְּשֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן. וְלֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיִּבְדֹּק עַצְמוֹ יָפֶה יָפֶה שֶׁמָּא יִהְיֶה צָרִיךְ לִנְקָבָיו. לֹא יֹאכַל אָדָם עַד שֶׁיֵּלֵךְ קדֶם אֲכִילָה עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל גּוּפוֹ לָחֹם. אוֹ יַעֲשֶׂה מְלַאכְתּוֹ אוֹ יִתְיַגֵּעַ בְּיֶגַע אַחֵר. כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר יְעַנֶּה גּוּפוֹ וְיִיגַע כָּל יוֹם בַּבֹּקֶר עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל גּוּפוֹ לָחֹם וְיִשְׁקֹט מְעַט עַד שֶׁתִּתְיַשֵּׁב נַפְשׁוֹ וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם רָחַץ בְּחַמִּין אַחַר שֶׁיָּגַע הֲרֵי זֶה טוֹב וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹהֶה מְעַט וְאוֹכֵל:

A person should not eat until his belly is full, but rather he should reduce [his consumption from that by] about a quarter of his satiation. And he should only drink a little water during his meal and [it should be] mixed with wine. And when the food begins to be digested in his intestines, he should drink what he needs to drink. And he should not eat until he has checked himself very much, lest he need his orifices. A person should not eat until he walks before eating, until his body begins to warm up; or he exerts himself with another exertion. The general principle of the thing is that he should strain his body and exert himself every day in the morning until his body begins to warm up, and he should [then] be still a little until his soul composes itself and he can [then] eat. And if he bathes in hot water after he exerts himself, that is good. And afterwards, he waits a little and eats.

Halacha 3ג׳

לְעוֹלָם כְּשֶׁיֹּאכַל אָדָם יֵשֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ אוֹ יִטֶּה עַל שְׂמֹאל. וְלֹא יְהַלֵּךְ וְלֹא יִרְכַּב וְלֹא יִיגַע וְלֹא יְזַעֲזֵעַ גּוּפוֹ וְלֹא יְטַיֵּל עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבְּמֵעָיו. וְכָל הַמְטַיֵּל אַחַר אֲכִילָתוֹ אוֹ שֶׁיָּגֵעַ הֲרֵי זֶה מֵבִיא עַל עַצְמוֹ חֳלָאִים רָעִים וְקָשִׁים:

A person should always eat seated in his place or reclining on his left side. He shouldn't walk and he shouldn't ride and he shouldn't exert himself and he shouldn't shake his body and he shouldn't stroll until he has digested the meal in his intestines. And everyone who strolls after eating or exerts himself, behold this one bring upon himself harmful and difficult illnesses.