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The Rambam · Sefer Zeraim

הלכות מתנות עניים י׳Gifts to the Poor 10

Chapter 10 of 10 in Gifts to the Poor — 19 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

חַיָּבִין אָנוּ לְהִזָּהֵר בְּמִצְוַת צְדָקָה יוֹתֵר מִכָּל מִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה. שֶׁהַצְּדָקָה סִימָן לַצַּדִּיק זֶרַע אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח יט) "כִּי יְדַעְתִּיו לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר יְצַוֶּה אֶת בָּנָיו" (בראשית יח יט) "לַעֲשׂוֹת צְדָקָה". וְאֵין כִּסֵּא יִשְׂרָאֵל מִתְכּוֹנֵן וְדַת הָאֱמֶת עוֹמֶדֶת אֶלָּא בִּצְדָקָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה נד יד) "בִּצְדָקָה תִּכּוֹנָנִי". וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל נִגְאָלִין אֶלָּא בִּצְדָקָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה א כז) "צִיּוֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּט תִּפָּדֶה וְשָׁבֶיהָ בִּצְדָקָה":

We are obligated to be careful about the commandment [to give] charity, more than any other positive commandment for charity is a sign of the righteous, the seed of Avraham, as it says "For I have known him, to the end that he may command his children and his household after him, that they may keep the way of the LORD, to do righteousness... " And the seat of Israel is not established nor is the True Faith preserved except through charity as it says "In righteousness shalt thou be established" nor shall Israel be redeemed except through charity as it says "Zion shall be redeemed with justice, and they that return of her with righteousness."

Halacha 2ב׳

לְעוֹלָם אֵין אָדָם מַעֲנִי מִן הַצְּדָקָה וְאֵין דָּבָר רַע וְלֹא הֶזֵּק נִגְלָל בִּשְׁבִיל הַצְּדָקָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לב יז) "וְהָיָה מַעֲשֵׂה הַצְּדָקָה שָׁלוֹם." כָּל הַמְרַחֵם מְרַחֲמִין עָלָיו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יג יח) "וְנָתַן לְךָ רַחֲמִים וְרִחַמְךָ וְהִרְבֶּךָ". וְכָל מִי שֶׁהוּא אַכְזָרִי וְאֵינוֹ מְרַחֵם יֵשׁ לָחוּשׁ לְיַחֲסוֹ. שֶׁאֵין הָאַכְזָרִיּוּת מְצוּיָה אֶלָּא בְּעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה נ מב) "אַכְזָרִי הֵמָּה וְלֹא יְרַחֵמוּ". וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהַנִּלְוֶה עֲלֵיהֶם כְּאַחִים הֵם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד א) "בָּנִים אַתֶּם לַה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם" וְאִם לֹא יְרַחֵם הָאָח עַל הָאָח מִי יְרַחֵם עָלָיו. וּלְמִי עֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹשְׂאִין עֵינֵיהֶן. הֲלְעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁשּׂוֹנְאִין אוֹתָן וְרוֹדְפִים אַחֲרֵיהֶן. הָא אֵין עֵינֵיהֶן תְּלוּיוֹת אֶלָּא לַאֲחֵיהֶן:

A person is never impoverished through charity and no bad thing nor any damage is caused by charity as it says "And the work of righteousness shall be peace." Anyone who is merciful, [God is] merciful towards them as it says "and give thee mercy, and have compassion on thee and increase thee." And anyone who is cruel and not merciful, is under suspicion [regarding] his lineage for cruelty is only found among pagans as it says "they are cruel, and have no compassion." All of Israel and all who are attached to them are like brothers as it says "Ye are the children of the LORD your God" and if a brother will not have compassion for his brother, who will have compassion for him? And to whom will the poor of Israel lift their eyes? To the gentiles who hate them and pursue them?! Their eyes look only towards their brothers.

Halacha 3ג׳

כָּל הַמַּעֲלִים עֵינָיו מִן הַצְּדָקָה הֲרֵי זֶה נִקְרָא בְּלִיַּעַל כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּקְרָא עוֹבֵד עַכּוּ"ם בְּלִיַּעַל. וּבְעַכּוּ"ם הוּא אוֹמֵר (דברים יג יד) "יָצְאוּ אֲנָשִׁים בְּנֵי בְלִיַּעַל" וּבְמַעֲלִים עֵינָיו מִן הַצְּדָקָה הוּא אוֹמֵר (דברים טו ט) "הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן יִהְיֶה דָבָר עִם לְבָבְךָ בְלִיַּעַל". וְנִקְרָא רָשָׁע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יב י) "וְרַחֲמֵי רְשָׁעִים אַכְזָרִי". וְנִקְרָא חוֹטֵא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טו ט) "וְקָרָא עָלֶיךָ אֶל ה' וְהָיָה בְךָ חֵטְא". וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קָרוֹב לְשַׁוְעַת עֲנִיִּים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שַׁוְעַת עֲנִיִּים אַתָּה תִשְׁמַע. לְפִיכָךְ צָרִיךְ לְהִזָּהֵר בְּצַעֲקָתָם שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּרִית כְּרוּתָה לָהֶם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כב כו) "וְהָיָה כִּי יִצְעַק אֵלַי וְשָׁמַעְתִּי כִּי חַנּוּן אָנִי":

Anyone who ignores [the chance to give] charity is called a barbarian just like a pagan is called a barbarian. Regarding pagans, it says "Certain barbarians are gone out etc." and regarding one who ignores [the chance to give] charity it says "Beware there not be a barbaric thought in your heart etc." and is called "evil" as it says "the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel." And he is called a "sinner" as it says "and he cry unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin in thee." And God is close to the pleas of the poor as it says "thou hearest the pleas of the poor." Therefore one must be wary of [making them] cry out for they have a deal cut with them [and God] as it says " and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto Me, that I will hear; for I am gracious."

…and 14 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0