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The Rambam · Sefer Madda

הלכות עבודה זרה וחוקות הגויים ט׳Foreign Worship and Customs of the Nations 9

Chapter 9 of 12 in Foreign Worship and Customs of the Nations — 18 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים לִפְנֵי חַגָּם שֶׁל עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים אָסוּר לִקַּח מֵהֶם וְלִמְכֹּר לָהֶם דָּבָר הַמִּתְקַיֵּם, לִלְווֹת מֵהֶן וּלְהַלְווֹתָם, לִפָּרַע מֵהֶן וְלִפְרֹעַ לָהֶם מִלְוֶּה בִּשְׁטָר אוֹ עַל הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן אֲבָל מִלְוֶּה עַל פֶּה נִפְרָעִין מֵהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְּמַצִּיל מִיָּדָם. וּמֻתָּר לִמְכֹּר לָהֶן דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם כְּגוֹן יְרָקוֹת וְתַבְשִׁיל עַד יוֹם חַגָּם. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר אֲרָצוֹת אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא יוֹם חַגָּם בִּלְבַד. עָבַר וְנָשָׂא וְנָתַן עִמָּהֶן בְּאוֹתָן הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה. וְהַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנוֹתֵן בְּיוֹם חַגָּם עִמָּהֶן הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה:

Three days before the idolaters' feast, it is forbidden to buy of them or sell to them anything durable; likewise to borrow of them or lend to them; repay to them money that had been borrowed or exact from them payment of a loan, secured by deed or pledge; but the payment of a personal loan (for which there is no pledge or deed) may be exacted, as it is equivalent to recovering from them what might otherwise be lost. Perishable products, such as vegetables or cooked food, may be sold to them, up to the day of their feast. These restrictions apply to Palestine. In other countries, they are only enforced on the feast day. If these rules were violated, and one engaged in commercial transactions with them during these three days, the proceeds may be used. But the proceeds of transactions with them on their feast day are forbidden to be used.

Halacha 2ב׳

וְאָסוּר לִשְׁלֹחַ דּוֹרוֹן לְכוּתִי בְּיוֹם אֵידוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נוֹדַע לוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹדֶה בַּעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וְאֵינוֹ עוֹבְדָהּ. וְכֵן כּוּתִי שֶׁשָּׁלַח דּוֹרוֹן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּיוֹם חַגּוֹ לֹא יְקַבְּלֶנּוּ מִמֶּנּוּ. וְאִם חָשַׁשׁ לְאֵיבָה נוֹטְלוֹ בְּפָנָיו וְאֵינוֹ נֶהֱנֶה בּוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע לוֹ שֶׁזֶּה הַכּוּתִי אֵינוֹ עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים וְאֵינוֹ מוֹדֶה בָּהּ:

A gift may not be sent to a gentile on his feast day, unless the sender knows that the recipient neither professes nor practises idolatry. So too, if a gentile sent a gift to an Israelite, on his feast day, the latter should not accept it. If he apprehends that this might cause ill-will, he should accept it in the sender's presence, but not use it till he has ascertained that the gentile neither practises idolatry nor professes it.

Halacha 3ג׳

הָיָה אֵידָן שֶׁל אוֹתָן עַכּוּ"ם יָמִים הַרְבֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹ אַרְבָּעָה אוֹ עֲשָׂרָה כָּל אוֹתָן הַיָּמִים כְּיוֹם אֶחָד הֵן וְכֻלָּן אֲסוּרִין עִם ג' יָמִים לִפְנֵיהֶן:

If the gentiles' feast lasts several days—three, four or ten—all of them are counted as one day, and the restrictions apply to them all as well as to the three preceding days.

…and 13 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: The Mishneh Torah by Maimonides, tr. Moses Hyamson, 1937-1949 — public domain