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The Rambam · Sefer Korbanot

הלכות בכורות א׳Firstlings 1

Chapter 1 of 8 in Firstlings — 19 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לְהַפְרִישׁ כָּל פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם הַזְּכָרִים בֵּין בָּאָדָם בֵּין בִּבְהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה בֵּין מִמִּין הַחֲמוֹר. בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁלֵמִים בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ טְרֵפוֹת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יג ב) "קַדֵּשׁ לִי כָל בְּכוֹר פֶּטֶר כָּל רֶחֶם בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה". וְכֻלָּן לַכֹּהֲנִים:

It is a positive commandment to set apart every male that opens the womb, whether of a human being, or of a pure animal, or of the species of the donkey, and whether they are whole or terefah, as it is said (Exodus 13:2), "Sanctify to Me every firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast." And all of them belong to the priests.

Halacha 2ב׳

בְּכוֹר אָדָם וּבְכוֹר חֲמוֹר נִפְדִּים וּפִדְיוֹנָם לַכֹּהֲנִים. וּבְכוֹר בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה נִשְׁחָט בָּעֲזָרָה כִּשְׁאָר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים. זוֹרְקִין דָּמוֹ וּמַקְטִיר אֵימוּרָיו כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּמַעֲשֵׂה הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת וּשְׁאָר הַבָּשָׂר נֶאֱכָל לַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יח טו) "אַךְ פָּדֹה תִפְדֶּה אֵת בְּכוֹר הָאָדָם וְאֵת בְּכוֹר הַבְּהֵמָה הַטְּמֵאָה תִּפְדֶּה" (במדבר יח יז) "אַךְ בְּכוֹר שׁוֹר" (במדבר יח יז) "לֹא תִפְדֶּה קֹדֶשׁ הֵם" (במדבר יח יח) "וּבְשָׂרָם יִהְיֶה לָּךְ":

The firstborn of a human being and the firstborn of a donkey are redeemed, and their redemption belongs to the priests. The firstborn of a pure animal is slaughtered in the Temple courtyard like the other offerings of lesser sanctity: its blood is dashed and its sacrificial portions are burned, as we have explained in the Laws of Sacrificial Procedure, and the rest of the meat is eaten by the priests, as it is said (Numbers 18:15, 17-18), "But you shall surely redeem the firstborn of man, and the firstling of impure beasts you shall redeem... But the firstling of an ox... you shall not redeem; they are holy... and their flesh shall be yours."

Halacha 3ג׳

בְּכוֹר בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל מוּם בֵּין שֶׁנּוֹלַד בְּמוּמוֹ בֵּין שֶׁנָּפַל בּוֹ מוּם אַחַר שֶׁהָיָה תָמִים הֲרֵי הוּא לַכֹּהֵן אִם רָצָה אוֹכְלוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם אוֹ מוֹכְרוֹ אוֹ מַאֲכִילוֹ לְמִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה אֲפִלּוּ לְנָכְרִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא חֻלִּין. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טו כא) "וְכִי יִהְיֶה בוֹ מוּם פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ עִוֵּר" וְגוֹ' (דברים טו כב) "הַטָּמֵא וְהַטָּהוֹר יַחְדָּו יֹאכֲלֶנּוּ כַּצְּבִי וְכָאַיָּל" וַהֲרֵי הוּא נִכְסֵי כֹּהֵן:

A firstborn of a pure animal that is blemished — whether it was born with its blemish or a blemish befell it after it had been unblemished — belongs to the priest. If he wishes he may eat it in any place, or sell it, or give it to be eaten by whomever he wishes, even a gentile, since it is unconsecrated, as it is said (Deuteronomy 15:21-22), "And if there be a blemish in it, if it be lame or blind, etc.... The impure and the pure alike shall eat it, as the gazelle and as the hart." And it is the priest's property.

…and 14 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation