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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות תעניות ג׳Fasts 3

Chapter 3 of 5 in Fasts — 11 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

הֲרֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָרְדוּ לָהֶם גְּשָׁמִים כָּל עִקָּר מִתְּחִלַּת יְמוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. אִם הִגִּיעַ שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים מַתְחִילִין תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים בִּלְבַד לְהִתְעַנּוֹת שֵׁנִי וַחֲמִישִׁי וְשֵׁנִי. וְכָל הַתַּלְמִידִים רְאוּיִין לְכָךְ:

See that [if] no rain fell for them at all from the beginning of the rainy season: If the seventeenth of Marcheshvan arrived and rain had not fallen — Torah scholars alone begin to fast Monday, Thursday and Monday. And all [Torah] scholars are fit for this.

Halacha 2ב׳

הִגִּיעַ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים בֵּית דִּין גּוֹזְרִין שָׁלֹשׁ תַּעֲנִיּוֹת עַל הַצִּבּוּר שֵׁנִי וַחֲמִישִׁי וְשֵׁנִי. וּמֻתָּרִין בָּהֶן לֶאֱכל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת בַּלַּיְלָה. וְאַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר אֵין מִתְעַנִּין עִמָּהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן עֲסוּקִין בַּעֲבוֹדָה. וְכָל הָעָם נִכְנָסִים לְבָתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת וּמִתְפַּלְּלִין וְזוֹעֲקִין וּמִתְחַנְּנִין כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בְּכָל הַתַּעֲנִיּוֹת:

[If] Rosh Chodesh of Kislev arrived and rain has [still] not fallen, the court decrees three fasts on the community — Monday, Thursday and Monday. But they may eat and drink at night. However the men of the [priestly] shift do not fast with them, since they are involved in the [Temple] service. And all of the people enter the synagogues and pray, cry out and supplicate in the way that they do during all the fasts.

Halacha 3ג׳

עָבְרוּ אֵלּוּ וְלֹא נַעֲנוּ בֵּית דִּין גּוֹזְרִין שָׁלֹשׁ תַּעֲנִיּוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת עַל הַצִּבּוּר שֵׁנִי וַחֲמִישִׁי וְשֵׁנִי. וּבְשָׁלֹשׁ אֵלּוּ אוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם כְּמוֹ שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בְּצוֹם כִּפּוּר. וְאַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר מִתְעַנִּין מִקְצָת הַיּוֹם וְלֹא מַשְׁלִימִין. וְאַנְשֵׁי בֵּית אָב וְהֵם הָעוֹסְקִין בַּעֲבוֹדָה בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם לֹא יִהְיוּ מִתְעַנִּים כָּל עִקָּר. וְכָל תַּעֲנִית שֶׁאוֹכְלִין בָּהּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם אִם אָכַל וּפָסַק וְגָמַר שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכל אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר וְאוֹכֵל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ שְׁהוּת בַּיּוֹם:

[If] these passed and they have not been answered, the court decrees three other fasts upon the community — Monday, Thursday and Monday. And on these three [fasts], we may eat and drink [only] from when it is still day, like on the fast of [Yom] Kippur. And the men of the [priestly] shift fast part of the day, but they do not complete [it]. And the men of the [assigned priestly] family — and they are the ones busy with the service that day — would not fast at all. And [regarding] any fast upon which we eat from when it is still day: If one ate and stopped and decided not to eat [any more before the fast] — he may not eat again, even though there is [still enough] time in the day.

…and 6 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY