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The Rambam · Sefer Zemanim

הלכות תעניות ב׳Fasts 2

Chapter 2 of 5 in Fasts — 18 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

אֵלוּ הֵן הַצָּרוֹת שֶׁל צִבּוּר שֶׁמִּתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶם. עַל הֲצָרַת שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. וְעַל הַחֶרֶב. וְעַל הַדֶּבֶר. וְעַל חַיָּה רָעָה. וְעַל הָאַרְבֶּה. וְעַל הֶחָסִיל. וְעַל הַשִּׁדָּפוֹן. וְעַל הַיֵּרָקוֹן. וְעַל הַמַּפּלֶת. וְעַל הֶחֳלָאִים. וְעַל הַמְּזוֹנוֹת. וְעַל הַמָּטָר:

These are the troubles of the community about which we fast and sound [trumpets]: About haters of Israelites making troubles for Israelites; about the sword (foreign troops); about a plague; about evil (dangerous) animals; about [the two main types of] locusts; about blight; about chlorosis; about collapse; about sicknesses; about [the lack of] provisions; and about the rain.

Halacha 2ב׳

כָּל עִיר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ צָרָה מִכָּל אֵלּוּ. אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר מִתְעַנָּה וּמַתְרַעַת עַד שֶׁתַּעֲבֹר הַצָּרָה. וְכָל סְבִיבוֹתֶיהָ מִתְעַנּוֹת וְלֹא מַתְרִיעוֹת אֲבָל מְבַקְּשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם רַחֲמִים. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם אֵין צוֹעֲקִין וְלֹא מַתְרִיעִין בְּשַׁבָּת כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ. חוּץ מִצָּרַת הַמְּזוֹנוֹת שֶׁצּוֹעֲקִין עָלֶיהָ אֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲבָל אֵין מַתְרִיעִין עָלֶיהָ בַּחֲצוֹצְרוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת:

Any city that has one of these troubles should fast and sound [trumpets] until the trouble passes. And all surrounding it should fast, but not sound [trumpets]. However they should request mercy [of God] (pray) for them. And in every place, we do not cry out nor sound [trumpets] on Shabbat — as we have said. [This is] except for the trouble of [the lack of] provisions — for we cry out about it even on Shabbat. But we do not sound trumpets about it on Shabbat.

Halacha 3ג׳

עַל הֲצָרַת שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כֵּיצַד. עַכּוּ"ם שֶׁבָּאוּ לַעֲרֹךְ מִלְחָמָה עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ לִטּל מֵהֶם מַס אוֹ לִקַּח מִיָּדָם אֶרֶץ אוֹ לִגְזֹר עֲלֵיהֶם גְּזֵרָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּמִצְוָה קַלָּה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עַד שֶׁיְּרֻחֲמוּ. וְכָל הֶעָרִים שֶׁסְּבִיבוֹתֵיהֶם מִתְעַנִּין אֲבָל אֵין מַתְרִיעִין אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן תָּקְעוּ לְהִתְקַבֵּץ לְעֶזְרָתָן:

About haters of Israelites making troubles for Israelites — how is this? Idolaters that came to [fight] a war with Israelites, or to take a tax (tribute) from them, or to take land from them, or to a decree a decree upon them — even about a light commandment — those [effected] surely fast and sound [trumpets] until they are shown mercy. And all of the cities around them fast, but they do not sound [trumpets] unless the [people of the first city] sounded to gather [others] to their assistance.

…and 13 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Edition, tr. R. Francis Nataf, 2019 — CC BY