הלכות עירובין ז׳Eruvin 7

Halacha 1א׳

מִי שֶׁיָּצָא מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת חוּץ לַמְּדִינָה וְעָמַד בְּמָקוֹם יָדוּעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַתְּחוּם אוֹ בְּסוֹפוֹ וְאָמַר שְׁבִיתָתִי בְּמָקוֹם זֶה וְחָזַר לְעִירוֹ וְלָן שָׁם. יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהַלֵּךְ לְמָחָר מֵאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ. וְזֶה הוּא עִקַּר עֵרוּבֵי תְּחוּמִין לְעָרֵב בְּרַגְלָיו. וְלֹא אָמְרוּ לְעָרֵב בְּהַנָּחַת מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת בִּלְבַד בַּמָּקוֹם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא יָצָא וְלֹא עָמַד שָׁם אֶלָּא לְהָקֵל עַל הֶעָשִׁיר שֶׁלֹּא יֵצֵא אֶלָּא יִשְׁלַח עֵרוּבוֹ בְּיַד אַחֵר וְיַנִּיחוּ לוֹ:

One who went out on the eve of the Sabbath beyond the town and stood at a known place within the Sabbath limit or at its end and said, "My Sabbath rest is in this place," and then returned to his city and spent the night there — he may walk on the morrow from that place two thousand cubits in every direction. And this is the essence of eruvei techumin, the joining of Sabbath limits: to make the eruv with one's own feet. And they did not say that one may make the eruv merely by setting down food for two meals at the place, even though he did not go out and did not stand there, except as a leniency for the wealthy man, that he need not go out himself but may send his eruv by the hand of another, who sets it down for him.

Halacha 2ב׳

וְכֵן אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לִקְבֹּעַ שְׁבִיתָתוֹ בְּמָקוֹם יָדוּעַ אֶצְלוֹ כְּגוֹן אִילָן אוֹ בַּיִת אוֹ גָּדֵר שֶׁהוּא מַכִּיר מְקוֹמוֹ וְיֵשׁ בֵּינוֹ וּבֵינוֹ כְּשֶׁחָשְׁכָה אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה אוֹ פָּחוֹת וְהֶחֱזִיק בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְהָלַךְ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם וְיִקְנֶה בּוֹ שְׁבִיתָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ וְלֹא עָמַד שָׁם אֶלָּא הֶחְזִירוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ לָלוּן אֶצְלוֹ אוֹ שֶׁחָזַר מֵעַצְמוֹ לָלוּן אוֹ נִתְעַכֵּב. לְמָחָר יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהַלֵּךְ עַד מָקוֹם שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לוֹ וּמֵאוֹתוֹ הַמָּקוֹם אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ. שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁגָּמַר בְּלִבּוֹ לִקְבֹּעַ שָׁם שְׁבִיתָתוֹ וְהֶחֱזִיק בַּדֶּרֶךְ נַעֲשָׂה כְּמִי שֶׁעָמַד שָׁם אוֹ שֶׁהִנִּיחַ עֵרוּבוֹ שָׁם:

And likewise if he intended to establish his resting in a place that is known to him, such as a tree or a house or a fence the location of which is known to him, and that and there is two thousand ells or less between him and it when it gets dark and he began the journey and walked in order to reach that place and acquire his resting [there] — even though he did not reach [it] and did not stand there, but was rather brought back by his friend to lodge with him or he returned on his own to lodge or got delayed — on the morrow, he may walk to the place he intended, and two thousand ells from that place in each direction. For since he decided in his heart to establish his resting and he began the journey, he becomes like someone who stood there or placed his eruv there.

Halacha 3ג׳

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּעָנִי שֶׁאֵין מַטְרִיחִין אוֹתוֹ לְהַנִּיחַ עֵרוּב אוֹ בְּרָחוֹק כְּגוֹן מִי שֶׁהָיָה בָּא בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְהָיָה יָרֵא שֶׁמָּא תֶּחְשַׁךְ. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּשָּׁאֵר מִן הַיּוֹם כְּדֵי לְהַגִּיעַ לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁקָּנָה בּוֹ שְׁבִיתָה קֹדֶם שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ אִם רָץ בְּכָל כֹּחוֹ וְהָיָה בֵּינוֹ וּבֵין אוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם כְּשֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה אוֹ פָּחוֹת. אֲבָל אִם לֹא הָיָה רָחוֹק וְלֹא עָנִי אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁאַר מִן הַיּוֹם כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ אֲפִלּוּ רָץ בְּכָל כֹּחוֹ אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בֵּין הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁבֹּת בּוֹ וּבֵין הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בּוֹ כְּשֶׁחָשְׁכָה יֶתֶר מֵאַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא כִּוֵּן הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁקָּנָה בּוֹ שְׁבִיתָה. הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא קָנָה שְׁבִיתָה בְּרִחוּק מָקוֹם וְאֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בּוֹ כְּשֶׁחָשְׁכָה:

To what are these words applicable? To a poor person, who we do not burden to place his eruv [there] or [someone] distant — such as one who was coming on the journey but was afraid lest it get dark, yet there remained enough of the day to reach that place in which he acquired his resting before it would get dark if he ran with all of his strength; and there was two thousand ells or less between him and that place when it got dark. But if he was not distant or poor; or there did not remain enough of the day to reach [that place] even if he ran with all of his strength; or there was more than two thousand ells between the place in which he intended to rest and the place that he was standing when it got dark; or he did not specify the [exact] place in which he acquired [his] resting — such a one surely did not acquire his resting from a distant place. So he only has two thousand ells in every direction from the place in which he is standing when it got dark.