הלכות טומאת מת ז׳Defilement by a Corpse 7

Halacha 1א׳

בַּיִת סָתוּם שֶׁהַמֵּת בְּתוֹכוֹ אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ פֶּתַח [וּפָרַץ אֶת פְּצִימָיו] וּסְתָמוֹ מְטַמֵּא מִכָּל סְבִיבָיו וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו אוֹ מִגַּגּוֹ טָמֵא שִׁבְעָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְּקֶבֶר סָתוּם. נִפְתַּח בּוֹ פֶּתַח אֲפִלּוּ סְתָמוֹ אִם לֹא פָּרַץ פְּצִימָיו הַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו וּמִגַּגּוֹ טָהוֹר וְאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא כְּנֶגֶד הַפֶּתַח. וְכַמָּה יִהְיֶה שִׁעוּר הַפֶּתַח. שָׁלֵם הַמֵּת פִּתְחוֹ בְּאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וּכְזַיִת מִן הַמֵּת פִּתְחוֹ בְּטֶפַח. וְגָדוֹל מִכְּזַיִת הֲרֵי הוּא כְּמֵת וּפִתְחוֹ בְּאַרְבָּעָה:

A sealed house with a corpse inside it, or one that had an opening whose doorposts he broke away and which he then sealed, conveys impurity from all around it, and one who touches it from behind or from its roof is impure for seven days, since it is as a sealed grave. If an opening was made in it, then even if he sealed it, if he did not break away its doorposts, one who touches it from behind or from its roof is pure, and only what is opposite the opening is impure. And how large must the opening be? For a whole corpse, its opening is four handbreadths; for an olive's bulk of a corpse, its opening is one handbreadth; and what is more than an olive's bulk is as a corpse, and its opening is four.

Halacha 2ב׳

הַמֵּת בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת וּבוֹ פְּתָחִים הַרְבֵּה בִּזְמַן שֶׁכֻּלָּם נְעוּלִים כֻּלָּם טְמֵאִים וְהַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּצַד כָּל פֶּתַח מֵהֶן תַּחַת הַתִּקְרָה הַיּוֹצֵא עַל הַפֶּתַח נִטְמָא. נִפְתַּח אֶחָד מֵהֶן אוֹ שֶׁחָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָשַׁב אַחַר שֶׁמֵּת הַמֵּת אֲפִלּוּ חָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בְּחַלּוֹן שֶׁהִיא אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה הִצִּיל עַל הַפְּתָחִים כֻּלָּן וְאֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא כְּנֶגֶד הַפֶּתַח שֶׁנִּפְתַּח אוֹ שֶׁחָשַׁב עָלָיו וְהַשְּׁאָר טְהוֹרִין מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נְעוּלִין וַהֲרֵי אֵין הַבַּיִת כְּקֶבֶר סָתוּם. וְכֵן אִם הִתְחִיל לַחְתֹּר פֶּתַח לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בּוֹ מִשֶּׁיַּחְתֹּר אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה הִצִּיל עַל הַפְּתָחִים כֻּלָּן. הָיָה שָׁם פֶּתַח סָתוּם וְחָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ וְהִתְחִיל לְפָתְחוֹ מִשֶּׁיַּתְחִיל לִפְתֹּחַ הִצִּיל עַל הַפְּתָחִים כֻּלָּן. הָיוּ בּוֹ חַלּוֹנוֹת הַרְבֵּה וְכֻלָּן מֻגָּפוֹת כֻּלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. נִפְתְּחוּ כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת וְלֹא הִצִּילוּ עַל הַפְּתָחִים. פֶּתַח קָטָן בְּתוֹךְ פֶּתַח גָּדוֹל הַמַּאֲהִיל עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁנֵיהֶם טָמֵא. חָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בַּקָּטָן טִהֵר קָטָן אֶת הַגָּדוֹל. הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן מַתְאִימִין הַמַּאֲהִיל עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁנֵיהֶם טָמֵא. חָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן טִהֵר אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. הָיָה לַבַּיִת פֶּתַח אֶחָד לְצָפוֹן וּפֶתַח לְדָרוֹם וְחָשַׁב לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בַּצְּפוֹנִי וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּאוּ אֶחָיו אוֹ קְרוֹבָיו וְאָמְרוּ אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא בַּדְּרוֹמִי טִהֵר דְּרוֹמִי אֶת הַצְּפוֹנִי. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲרִים. וְאִם הֶעֱרִים שְׁנֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים:

If the corpse is inside the house and the house has many openings: when all of them are locked, all are impure, and one who sits beside any of these openings, under the roofing that projects over the opening, has become impure. If one of them was opened, or if he intended to take the corpse out through one of them — and even though he so intended after the man died, and even if he intended to take him out through a window that is four by four — he has thereby saved all the openings; and only what is opposite the opening that was opened, or upon which he intended, is impure, and the rest are pure, since they are locked and the house is therefore not as a sealed grave. So too if he began to dig out an opening through which to take him out, once he has dug four by four he has saved all the openings. If there was there a sealed opening and he intended to take him out through it and began to open it, once he begins to open it he has saved all the openings. If there were many windows in it and all of them were stopped up, all of them are pure; if all of them were opened, they are impure, and they have not saved the openings. A small opening within a large opening — one who overshadows the two of them is impure; if he intended to take him out through the small one, the small one has made the large one pure. If the two of them were side by side, one who overshadows the two of them is impure; if he intended to take him out through one of them, it has made its fellow pure. If the house had one opening to the north and an opening to the south, and he intended to take him out through the northern one, and afterwards his brothers or his relatives came and said, "We shall take him out only through the southern one," the southern one has made the northern one pure — provided that he does not act with guile; and if he acted with guile, both of them are impure.

Halacha 3ג׳

בָּתִּים הַפְּתוּחִין לְאַכְסַדְרָה וְהַמֵּת בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן אִם הָיָה דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל מֵת לָצֵאת בָּאַכְסַדְרָה הֲרֵי הַבֵּית שַׁעַר וְהַבָּתִּים טְמֵאִים וְאִם לָאו בֵּית שַׁעַר טָמֵא וְהַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. הַחֶדֶר שֶׁלִּפְנִים מִן הַבַּיִת מוּגָף וְנִכְנְסָה טֻמְאָה לְפָנִים דֶּרֶךְ חַלּוֹן הַבַּיִת הַחִיצוֹן טָהוֹר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַטֻּמְאָה חוֹזֶרֶת וְיוֹצֵאת דֶּרֶךְ הַחַלּוֹן שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה בּוֹ:

Houses that open onto a portico, with the corpse in one of them: if the corpse's way is to go out through the portico, then that portico is a gatehouse and the houses are impure; and if not, the gatehouse is impure and the house is pure. A chamber within the house that is shut, and the impurity entered within it through a window — the outer house is pure, since the impurity goes back out through the window by which it entered.