תרומות ח׳Terumot 8

Mishnah 1א׳

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ אוֹ גֵרְשֵׁךְ, וְכֵן הָעֶבֶד שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת רַבָּךְ, אוֹ מְכָרָךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אוֹ נְתָנָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה, אוֹ עֲשָׂאָךְ בֶּן חוֹרִין. וְכֵן כֹּהֵן שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁהִקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, פְּסוּלִים. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר. נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בַעַל מוּם, עֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְּסוּלָה:

If a woman was eating Terumah [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] and someone came and told her, "your husband died," or "[he] divorced you," and also if a slave was eating Terumah and someone came and told him, "your master has died," or "[he] sold you to an Israelite [non-priest, whose slaves may not eat Terumah]," or "[he] gave you as a gift," or "[he] made you a freeman," and also if a Kohen [priest] was eating Terumah and it became known that he is [not eligible to eat Terumah because he is] the son of a divorcee or of a Chalutzah [a childless widow whose brother-in-law has performed a divorce ceremony so as not to fulfill his requirement of marrying her], Rabbi Eliezer obligates him to pay the principle value and the fifth. Rabbi Yehoshua exempts him. If he was standing and sacrificing on the altar, and it became known that he is the son of a divorcee or a Chalutzah, Rabbi Eliezer says all the sacrifices that he offered on the altar are invalid. Rabbi Yehoshua deems them valid. If, [alternatively], it became known that he possesses a physical defect, his offering is invalid.

Mishnah 2ב׳

וְכֻלָּם, שֶׁהָיְתָה תְרוּמָה בְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִבְלְעוּ. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִפְלֹטוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, נִטְמֵאתָ וְנִטְמֵאת תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִבְלָע. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִפְלֹט. טָמֵא הָיִיתָ וּטְמֵאָה הָיְתָה תְרוּמָה, אוֹ נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא טֶבֶל, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, אוֹ שֶׁטָּעַם טַעַם פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הֲרֵי זֶה יִפְלֹט:

And in all of these cases, if there was Terumah in their mouths, Rabbi Eliezer says they may swallow [it]. Rabbi Yehoshua says they must spit [it] out. If someone tells him, "you have just become impure and the Terumah has just become impure," Rabbi Eliezer says he may swallow [it]. Rabbi Yehoshua says he must spit [it] out. [If someone tells him,] "you were already impure and the Terumah was already impure," or if it became known that it is untithed produce or Ma'aser Rishon [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite] from which no Terumah [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] was taken, or Ma'aser Sheni [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] or Hekdesh [consecrated donation] that were not redeemed, or if he tasted the taste of an insect in his mouth, he must spit out [the Terumah].

Mishnah 3ג׳

הָיָה אוֹכֵל בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹל וְנִכְנַס מִן הַגִּנָּה לֶחָצֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר. חֲשֵׁכָה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר:

If someone was eating a grape cluster and entered from the garden into the courtyard, Rabbi Eliezer says he may finish [the cluster]. Rabbi Yehoshua says he may not finish. If Shabbat evening darkens [while he is eating], Rabbi Yehoshua says he may finish. Rabbi Eliezer says he may not finish.

Mishnah 4ד׳

יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּלָּה, יִשָּׁפֵךְ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁל חֻלִּין. שְׁלֹשָׁה מַשְׁקִין אֲסוּרִים מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי, הַמַּיִם וְהַיַּיִן וְהֶחָלָב. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין מֻתָּרִים. כַּמָּה יִשְׁהוּ וְיִהְיוּ אֲסוּרִין, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא הָרַחַשׁ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב וְיִשְׁתֶּה:

If wine that is Terumah is left uncovered, it must be poured out. It is not necessary to say this if it is Chulin [non-sacred produce]. Three kinds of liquids become forbidden if left uncovered: water, wine, and milk. All other liquids [even if left uncovered] are permitted. How long must they be left [uncovered] for them to become forbidden? As long as [it would take] for a snake to come out from a nearby place and drink [from it].

Mishnah 5ה׳

שִׁעוּר הַמַּיִם הַמְגֻלִּין, כְּדֵי שֶׁתֹּאבַד בָּהֶם הַמָּרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּכֵלִים, כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וּבַקַּרְקָעוֹת, אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה:

The amount of water that may be left uncovered [without being rendered forbidden] is [greater than or equal to] the amount that can neutralize in it the poison. Rabbi Yosi says, in vessels, all [quantities of water are forbidden], and in the ground, forty Se'ah [specific unit of volume, is the minimum quantity of water that may be left uncovered and still be permitted].

Mishnah 6ו׳

נִקּוּרֵי תְאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים וְקִשּׁוּאִין וְהַדְּלוּעִין וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹנוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ הֵם כִּכָּר, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, אֶחָד תָּלוּשׁ וְאֶחָד מְחֻבָּר, כָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ לֵחָה, אָסוּר. וּנְשׁוּכַת הַנָּחָשׁ, אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת:

Bite marks in figs, grapes, cucumbers, pumpkins, melons or cucumber-melons, even if they [the fruit] are as [much as] a Kikar, either large or small, either uprooted or rooted, all that contain moisture are forbidden. [An animal] bitten by a snake is forbidden on account of the danger to life.

Mishnah 7ז׳

הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, אֲסוּרָה מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מַתִּיר:

A filter [used as a cover] for wine, [the wine] becomes forbidden if left uncovered. Rabbi Nekhemiah permits it.

Mishnah 8ח׳

חָבִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנּוֹלַד בָּהּ סְפֵק טֻמְאָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בִּמְקוֹם תֻּרְפָּה, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע, וְאִם הָיְתָה מְגֻלָּה, יְכַסֶּנָּה. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בְּמָקוֹם מֻצְנָע, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בִּמְקוֹם תֻּרְפָּה, וְאִם הָיְתָה מְכֻסָּה, יְגַלֶּנָּה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַל יְחַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ דָּבָר:

A vessel of Terumah that has developed in it a chance that it is impure: Rabbi Eliezer says, if it had been deposited in a neglected place, one should deposit it in a hidden place; and if it was uncovered, one should cover it. Rabbi Yehoshua says, if it had been deposited in a hidden place, one should deposit it in a neglected place; and if it was covered, one should uncover it. Rabban Gamliel says, one should not do anything new to it.

Mishnah 9ט׳

חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה בַּגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁאִם יְכוֹלִים לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטָהֳרָה, יַצִּיל. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרֵד וְתִטַּמֵּא, וְאַל יְטַמְּאֶנָּה בְיָדָיו:

A vessel [of Terumah] that was broken in the upper vat [of a wine-press], and the lower vat was impure: Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua agree that if one can save at least a Revi'it [specific unit of volume] of it in purity, one should save it. But if not: Rabbi Eliezer says: let it flow down and become impure [of its own accord], and let him not defile it with his own hands.

Mishnah 10י׳

וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁאִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטָהֳרָה, יַצִּיל. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרֵד וְתִבָּלַע, וְאַל יְבַלְּעֶנָּה בְיָדָיו:

Similarly, a vessel of [Terumah] oil that spilled: Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua agree that if one can save at least a Revi'it of it in purity, one should save it. But if not: Rabbi Eliezer says: let it flow down and be absorbed, and let him not absorb it with his own hands.

Mishnah 11י״א

וְעַל זוֹ וְעַל זוֹ אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא זוֹ הִיא תְרוּמָה שֶׁאֲנִי מֻזְהָר עָלֶיהָ מִלְּטַמְּאָהּ, אֶלָּא מִלְּאָכְלָהּ. וּבַל תְּטַמְּאָהּ כֵּיצַד, הָיָה עוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וְכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה בְיָדוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ נָכְרִי, תֶּן לִי אַחַת מֵהֶן וַאֲטַמְּאָהּ, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אֲנִי מְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, וְאַל יִתֶּן לוֹ אַחַת מֵהֶן וִיטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחַ לְפָנָיו אַחַת מֵהֶן עַל הַסָּלַע:

Concerning [both] this case and that case, Rabbi Yehoshua said: This is not [the kind of] Terumah over which I am cautioned from defiling it, but rather from eating it. And "Do not defile it" applies in what case? If one was passing from place to place with loaves of Terumah in his hand and a non-Jew said to him: “Give me one of these and I will defile it; for if not, I will defile them all.” Rabbi Eliezer says, let him defile them all, and do not give him one of them to defile. But Rabbi Yehoshua says: he should place before him one of them on a rock.

Mishnah 12י״ב

וְכֵן נָשִׁים שֶׁאָמְרוּ לָהֶם נָכְרִים, תְּנוּ אַחַת מִכֶּם וּנְטַמֵּא, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אָנוּ מְטַמְּאִים אֶת כֻּלְּכֶם, יְטַמְּאוּ אֶת כֻּלָּן, וְאַל יִמְסְרוּ לָהֶם נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל:

Similarly, women who have been told by non-Jews, “Give us one of you that we may defile her; for if not, we will defile you all,” let [the non-Jews] defile them all, and do not hand over to them one soul from Israel.