שביעית ד׳Sheviit 4

Perek 4 of 10 in Sheviit — 10 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, מְלַקֵּט אָדָם עֵצִים וַאֲבָנִים וַעֲשָׂבִים מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא מְלַקֵּט מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, אֶת הַגַּס הַגָּס. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא זֶה מְלַקֵּט מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל זֶה, וְזֶה מְלַקֵּט מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל זֶה, שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁיְּקַצֵּץ לָהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת:

Originally it was said, one may collect sticks, stones and grasses from one's own field, just like one may collect from one's neighbor's field - the biggest items. Once transgressors multiplied, it was instituted that this one may [only] collect from that one's [field], while this one may collect [only] from that one's [field]; this mustn't be done as a favor, and it doesn't require mentioning that [one must not] stipulate to [give] them food [in exchange].

Mishnah 2ב׳

שָׂדֶה שֶׁנִּתְקַוְּצָה, תִּזָּרַע בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית. שֶׁנִּטַּיְּבָה אוֹ שֶׁנִּדַּיְּרָה, לֹא תִזָּרַע בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית. שָׂדֶה שֶׁנִּטַּיְּבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אוֹכְלִין. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית בְּטוֹבָה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אוֹכְלִין בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים, זוֹ מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל:

A field which had been de-thorned, may be planted during the eight year. A field which had been improved [by ploughing] or fertilized may not be planted during the eighth year. A field which had been improved: the house of Shammai says its fruit may not be eaten on the seventh year, while the house of Hillel says they may be eaten. The house of Shammai says the fruit of the seventh year may not be eaten while [expressing] gratitude [to the original owner], while the house of Hillel says they may be eaten either while [expressing] gratitude [to the original owner] or not. Rabbi Yehudah says, These opinions must be switched, for this is one of the examples of a leniency of the house of Shammai and a stringency of the house of Hillel.

Mishnah 3ג׳

חוֹכְרִין נִירִין מִן הַנָּכְרִים בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אֲבָל לֹא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. וּמַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי נָכְרִים בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אֲבָל לֹא יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְשׁוֹאֲלִין בִּשְׁלוֹמָן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם:

One may rent a ploughed field in the Sabbatical year [to plant in the eight year] from a non-Jew, but not from a Jew. And we [verbally] encourage the work of non-Jews in the Sabbatical year, but not that of Jews. And we inquire after their [the non-Jews] well-being, for the sake of peace.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַמֵּדֵל בַּזֵּיתִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יָגוֹם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יְשָׁרֵשׁ. וּמוֹדִים בְּמַחֲלִיק, עַד שֶׁיָּגוֹם. אֵיזֶה הוּא הַמֵּדֵל, אֶחָד אוֹ שְׁנַיִם. הַמַּחֲלִיק, שְׁלֹשָׁה, זֶה בְצַד זֶה. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, אֲבָל מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, אַף הַמַּחֲלִיק, יְשָׁרֵשׁ:

If one is thinning out olive trees, the house of Shamai say: he should chop [off the trunk but leave the roots]. The house of Hillel say: he may uproot. They admit that if one is creating a clearing, one must chop [it off]. What is considered thinning out? One or two. [What is considered] creating a clearing? Three side by side. To what does this apply? In one's own property; however in one's fellow's property -- even if one is creating a clearing, one may uproot.

…and 6 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0