נדרים ה׳Nedarim 5

Mishnah 1א׳

הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁנָּדְרוּ הֲנָאָה זֶה מִזֶּה, אֲסוּרִין לִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, זֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְזֶה נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים לְהַעֲמִיד שָׁם רֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר וּלְגַדֵּל תַּרְנְגוֹלִים. הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם מֻדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלִּי אֲנִי נִכְנָס וְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ. וְכוֹפִין אֶת הַנּוֹדֵר לִמְכֹּר אֶת חֶלְקוֹ:

Neighbors [who share a courtyard], who vow [not to derive benefit] from each other, are prohibited from entering the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: this one can enter his [share of the courtyard] and this one can enter his. Both of them are prohibited from putting a mill [in the courtyard] or an oven, or to raise chickens [in the courtyard]. If one [of the neighbors] vowed [not to derive benefit] from his friend, he may not enter the [shared] courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: he [the one who vowed] may say to [his neighbor], "I am entering my [share of the courtyard] and am not entering yours." But the one who vowed is pressured to sell his share [of the courtyard].

Mishnah 2ב׳

הָיָה אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק מֻדָּר מֵאֶחָד מֵהֶם הֲנָאָה, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לֶחָצֵר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא לוֹמַר לוֹ, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרְךָ אֲנִי נִכְנָס, וְאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלָּךְ:

If someone from the marketplace took a vow not to benefit from one [of the owners of a courtyard], he may not enter the entire courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: he can claim, "I am entering into the portion of the courtyard owned by [other] owners of the courtyard, and I am not entering your share."

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, וְיֶשׁ לוֹ מֶרְחָץ וּבֵית הַבַּד מֻשְׂכָּרִים בָּעִיר, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ בָהֶן תְּפִיסַת יָד, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ בָהֶן תְּפִיסַת יָד, מֻתָּר. הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹנָם לְבֵיתְךָ שֶׁאֲנִי נִכְנָס וְשָׂדְךָ שֶׁאֲנִי לוֹקֵחַ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרוֹ לְאַחֵר, מֻתָּר. קוֹנָם לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁאֲנִי נִכְנָס, שָׂדֶה זוֹ שֶׁאֲנִי לוֹקֵחַ, מֵת אוֹ שֶׁמְּכָרוֹ לְאַחֵר, אָסוּר:

One who vows not to benefit from their friend, and [the friend] owns a bath-house or an olive press which was leased [to a third party] - if [the friend] still has an interest [in the property], [the one who vowed] is forbidden [to utilize them]; if not, [he is] permitted. If one says to one's friend: "konam if I enter your house," or "[konam] if I purchase your field" - and then the owner died, or sold it to someone else, [the one who vowed] is permitted [to enter or buy it]. But if he says: "konam if I enter this house," or "konam if I purchase this field," - even if he died, or sold it to someone else, it is prohibited.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ חֵרֶם, הַמֻּדָּר אָסוּר. הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי חֵרֶם, הַנּוֹדֵר אָסוּר. הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ וְאַתְּ עָלַי, שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִין. וּשְׁנֵיהֶם מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁל עוֹלֵי בָבֶל, וַאֲסוּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר:

[If one vows to someone:] "Behold, I am [prohibited] to you like cherem," the one who vowed is prohibited [from deriving benefit from the other]. [If one vows:] "Behold, you are [prohibited] to me like cherem," the one vowed against is prohibited [from deriving benefit from the one who vowed]. [If one vows:] "Behold, you and I [are prohibited to each other like cherem]," they are both prohibited. But both are permitted [to use] things [publicly available to] the people who ascended from Babylon, and are prohibited [to use] things owned by their city.

Mishnah 5ה׳

וְאֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁל עוֹלֵי בָבֶל, כְּגוֹן הַר הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲזָרוֹת וְהַבּוֹר שֶׁבְּאֶמְצַע הַדֶּרֶךְ. וְאֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר, כְּגוֹן הָרְחָבָה וְהַמֶּרְחָץ, וּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַסְּפָרִים. וְהַכּוֹתֵב חֶלְקוֹ לַנָּשִׂיא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא וְאֶחָד כּוֹתֵב לְהֶדְיוֹט. מַה בֵּין כּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא לְכוֹתֵב לְהֶדְיוֹט, שֶׁהַכּוֹתֵב לַנָּשִׂיא אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה צְרִיכִין לְזַכּוֹת. לֹא דִבְּרוּ בַנָּשִׂיא אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל צְרִיכִין לִכְתֹּב, שֶׁכְּבָר כָּתְבוּ אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עַל יְדֵיהֶם:

And what is [considered publicly available] to the people who ascended from Babylon? For example, the Temple Mount, and the [temple] courtyards, and the [water] hole in the middle of the road. And what is [considered] to be owned by the city itself? For example, the town square, the [public] bathhouse, the synagogue, the ark [where the Torah is kept] and the sefarim [books of the Tanach written in holiness, on parchment, and used for personal or public study, or for reading aloud in public. Sometimes the intent is specifically Torah scrolls], and [property of] one who writes over his share [of the public property in the city] to the Nasi [head of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel]. Rabbi Yehuda says: [it is the same,] whether one writes over [his property] to the Nasi, or whether he writes it over to a common citizen. What, then, is [the difference] between writing over to the Nasi and writing over to a common citizen? That one who writes over to the Nasi doesn't need to do any action which enables the transaction. But the Sages say: whether one does this [wrote over to the Nasi] or this [wrote over to a common citizen], one needs to do an action which enables the transaction, and they only referred to a Nasi [here] because that was the case [then, at the time when this was discussed]. Rabbi Yehuda says: People of the Galilee don't need to write over [their property to anyone], since their predecessors wrote it over for them.

Mishnah 6ו׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, נוֹתְנוֹ לְאַחֵר לְשׁוּם מַתָּנָה, וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד בְּבֵית חוֹרוֹן שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו מֻדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ הֲנָאָה, וְהָיָה מַשִּׂיא אֶת בְּנוֹ, וְאָמַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, חָצֵר וּסְעוּדָה נְתוּנִים לְךָ בְמַתָּנָה, וְאֵינָן לְפָנֶיךָ אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹא אַבָּא וְיֹאכַל עִמָּנוּ בַּסְּעוּדָה. אָמַר לוֹ, אִם שֶׁלִּי הֵם, הֲרֵי הֵם מֻקְדָּשִׁין לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, לֹא נָתַתִּי אֶת שֶׁלִּי שֶׁתַּקְדִּישֵׁם לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, לֹא נָתַתָּ לִּי אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ אֶלָּא שֶׁתְּהֵא אַתָּה וְאָבִיךָ אוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים וּמִתְרַצִּים זֶה לָזֶה, וִיהֵא עָוֹן תָּלוּי בְּרֹאשׁוֹ. וּכְשֶׁבָּא דָבָר לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים, אָמְרוּ, כָּל מַתָּנָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁאִם הִקְדִּישָׁהּ אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, אֵינָהּ מַתָּנָה:

If one vows not to derive any benefit from one's friend, but [the friend] has nothing to eat - he may give [food] to a third party [as a gift], and [the friend] is permitted [to take it]. It once happened in Beit Horon that someone's father was forbidden [by vow] to benefit from him. [Now, the son] was marrying off his [own] son, and said to his friend: "May the courtyard and the festive meal be a gift unto you, on the condition that my father come and celebrate with us at the festive meal." "If it is truly mine," he said, "then let it all be consecrated unto Heaven." [The son] said to [his friend]: "I didn't give my property to you for you to consecrate it unto Heaven!" He replied: "You gave it to me so that you and your father can feast together, and be reconciled, while the transgression of breaking the vow will fall upon [me]!" When the case was presented to the Sages, they ruled: any gift not given in a manner allowing for consecration is not a gift at all.