נדרים ד׳Nedarim 4

Mishnah 1א׳

אֵין בֵּין הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לַמֻּדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל אֶלָּא דְרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל וְכֵלִים שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. הַמֻּדָּר מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, אֲבָל מַשְׁאִיל לוֹ חָלוּק וְטַבַּעַת וְטַלִּית וּנְזָמִים, וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. מְקוֹם שֶׁמַּשְׂכִּירִין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, אָסוּר:

There is no [difference] between one who vows [not to] benefit from his friend, and one who vows [not to benefit] from his [friend's] food except for walking [in his field] and [borrowing his] utensils which are not used for food. One who vows [not to benefit] from his friend's food may not borrow a sifter or a sieve or a mill or an oven, but may borrow a robe or a ring or a garment or nose rings or anything that [people] don't make food in. In a place where they rent items similar [to the one he wants to borrow] - it is forbidden [to borrow them].

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, שׁוֹקֵל אֶת שִׁקְלוֹ, וּפוֹרֵעַ אֶת חוֹבוֹ, וּמַחֲזִיר לוֹ אֶת אֲבֵדָתוֹ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין עָלֶיהָ שָׂכָר, תִּפֹּל הֲנָאָה לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ:

One who vows [not to] benefit from his friend may pay his shekel [tax due to the Temple], may pay off his [friend's] debt, and may return his lost object. In a place where they pay a reward [for returning lost items], he must forfeit the benefit [he would have derived] as a hallowed offering [to the Temple].

Mishnah 3ג׳

וְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ. וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִנֵּי זָבִין, קִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת, וּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ, הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא. אֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו מִקְרָא, וְזָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם. וְלֹא יָזוּן אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זָן אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, וְאֵינוֹ זָן אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה בֵּין טְמֵאָה לִטְהוֹרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁהַטְּהוֹרָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, וּטְמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ וְגוּפָהּ לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה, הֲרֵי הוּא מוֹכְרָהּ לְגוֹיִם אוֹ מַאֲכִילָהּ לִכְלָבִים:

And [the one who vowed not to benefit from his friend] may separate his Teruma and his tithes with his [friend's] permission, and may offer his bird offerings [due to being] zav or zava [states of impurity for men and women after night emissions] or [having given] birth, his sin-offering, and his guilt-offering; one may also teach [the friend] Midrash, laws and lore, but may not teach him Scripture - one may, however, teach his sons and his daughters Scripture, and may feed his wife and his sons, even though he [himself] is responsible for their food. But he may not feed his animal, whether it be kosher or non-kosher. Rabbi Eliezer says: "He may feed his non-kosher [animal] but he may not feed his kosher [animal]". [The Sages] said to him: "What is the difference between kosher and non-kosher [animals, regarding this law]?" He responded to them: "Because a kosher [animal], its soul belongs to heaven and its body is his [the owner's], whereas a non-kosher [animal], [both] its soul and body belong to heaven." They responded [back] to him: "Even [in the case of a] non-kosher [animal], its soul belongs to heaven and its body is his, for if he wanted to, surely he could sell [the body] to non-Jews or feed it to his dogs."

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְנִכְנַס לְבַקְּרוֹ, עוֹמֵד, אֲבָל לֹא יוֹשֵׁב. וּמְרַפְּאֵהוּ רְפוּאַת נֶפֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא רְפוּאַת מָמוֹן. וְרוֹחֵץ עִמּוֹ בְאַמְבַּטִיָא גְדוֹלָה, אֲבָל לֹא בִקְטַנָּה. וְיָשֵׁן עִמּוֹ בְמִטָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְהַנֵּהוּ. וּמֵסֵב עִמּוֹ עַל הַמִּטָּה, וְאוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא עִמּוֹ מִן הַתַּמְחוּי הַחוֹזֵר. לֹא יֹאכַל עִמּוֹ מִן הָאֵבוּס שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפּוֹעֲלִים, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה עִמּוֹ בְאֻמָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עוֹשֶׂה הוּא בְרִחוּק מִמֶּנּוּ:

One who vows [not to] benefit from his friend and comes to visit him [when he is sick], [should] stand, but not sit. And one may heal his [friend’s] body, but not his assets [livestock]. And one may bathe with him in a large bathhouse, but not in a small one. And he may sleep with him in a bed. Rabbi Yehuda says: "[one may sleep in the same bed as the friend] during the summer, but not during the winter, because [during the winter] he will benefit from him." They may sit together on [the same] bed, and one may eat with him at the [same] table, but not from the main dish. However, one may eat [together] from a plentiful main dish. One may not eat with him from a trough which is [put] before workers, and may not work together in the same row [in a field] - these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages claim that one may work [together as in the same row, so long as each one works] far away [from the other].

Mishnah 5ה׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. נָדַר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּרוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל:

One who vows [not to] benefit from one’s friend before the Sabbatical year may not go down to his field and he may not eat from the [trees] leaning [out of his friend’s field]. [One who vows not to benefit from his friend] during the Sabbatical year may not go down to his field, but may eat from the [trees] leaning [out of his friend’s field]. One who vows [not to benefit] from his [friend’s] food before the Sabbatical year may go down to his field, but may not eat from his fruit; but [one who vows not to benefit from his friend’s food] during the Sabbatical year may go down [to his field] and eat.

Mishnah 6ו׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִשְׁאַל מִמֶּנּוּ, לֹא יַלְוֶנּוּ וְלֹא יִלְוֶה מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלֹא יִמְכֹּר לוֹ וְלֹא יִקַּח מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמַר לוֹ, הַשְׁאִילֵנִי פָרָתֶךָ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵינָהּ פְּנוּיָה. אָמַר קוֹנָם שָׂדִי שֶׁאֲנִי חוֹרֵשׁ בָּהּ לְעוֹלָם, אִם הָיָה דַרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, הוּא אָסוּר וְכָל אָדָם מֻתָּרִין. אִם אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לַחֲרֹשׁ, הוּא וְכָל אָדָם אֲסוּרִין:

One who vows [not to] benefit from his friend may not lend [an item] to him or borrow from him; may not lend [money] or borrow [money] from him; and may not sell or buy from him. [If one] says: "lend me your cow," [and the friend] responds: "it is not available [to be lent]," [to which] he responds: "konam on my field, that I will never plow it [with your cow]!" - if [the one who vowed] regularly plowed [his field himself], he is forbidden [from plowing with it], but others are allowed to; [but] if he didn't regularly plow [his field himself], [both] he and others are forbidden [from plowing his field with it].

Mishnah 7ז׳

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, הוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַחֶנְוָנִי וְאוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָאָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה, וְהוּא נוֹתֵן לוֹ וּבָא וְנוֹטֵל מִזֶּה. הָיָה בֵיתוֹ לִבְנוֹת, גְּדֵרוֹ לִגְדֹּר, שָׂדֵהוּ לִקְצֹר, הוֹלֵךְ אֵצֶל הַפּוֹעֲלִים וְאוֹמֵר, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מֻדָּר מִמֶּנִּי הֲנָאָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה. הֵם עוֹשִׂין עִמּוֹ, וּבָאִין וְנוֹטְלִין שָׂכָר מִזֶּה:

[If] one who vows [not to] benefit from his friend [later] has nothing to eat, [the friend is allowed] to go to the storekeeper and say: "Such and such vowed [not to] benefit from me, and I don't know what to do?" - [the storekeeper] gives him [food], and takes payment from [the friend]. If [the one who vowed] needed to build a house [for himself] or build a fence or reap his field, [the friend] may go to workers and say: "Such and such vowed [not to benefit] from me, and I don't know what to do?" - they may do [the work] for him, and go and take payment from [the friend].

Mishnah 8ח׳

הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ, וְאֵין לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל, נוֹתֵן לְאַחֵר לְשׁוּם מַתָּנָה וְהַלָּה מֻתָּר בָּהּ. אִם אֵין עִמָּהֶם אַחֵר, מַנִּיחַ עַל הַסֶּלַע אוֹ עַל הַגָּדֵר וְאוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הֵן מֻפְקָרִים לְכָל מִי שֶׁיַּחְפֹּץ, וְהַלָּה נוֹטֵל וְאוֹכֵל. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר:

If [the one who vowed not to benefit and his friend] were walking along and [the one who vowed] had nothing to eat, [the friend] may give [food] to another person as a gift and then [the one who vowed] is permitted [to eat it]. If there is no one else with them, he may leave [food] on a rock or on a fence and say: "Behold! this [food] is ownerless, [and available] for anyone that wants [it]," - [the one who vowed] may [then] take and eat it. But Rabbi Yose forbids.