מעילה ו׳Meilah 6

Mishnah 1א׳

הַשָּׁלִיחַ שֶׁעָשָׂה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מָעַל. לֹא עָשָׂה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, הַשָּׁלִיחַ מָעַל. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר לוֹ, תֵּן בָּשָׂר לָאוֹרְחִים וְנָתַן לָהֶם כָּבֵד, כָּבֵד וְנָתַן לָהֶם בָּשָׂר, הַשָּׁלִיחַ מָעַל. אָמַר לוֹ, תֵּן לָהֶם חֲתִיכָה חֲתִיכָה, וְהוּא אָמַר טֹלוּ שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם, וְהֵם נָטְלוּ שָׁלשׁ שָׁלשׁ, כֻּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. אָמַר לוֹ, הָבֵא לִי מִן הַחַלּוֹן אוֹ מִגְּלֻסְקְמָא, וְהֵבִיא לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לֹא הָיָה בְלִבִּי אֶלָּא מִזֶּה וְהֵבִיא מִזֶּה, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מָעַל. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ, הָבֵא לִי מִן הַחַלּוֹן וְהֵבִיא לוֹ מִגְּלֻסְקְמָא, אוֹ מִן גְּלֻסְקְמָא וְהֵבִיא לוֹ מִן הַחַלּוֹן, הַשָּׁלִיחַ מָעָל:

If an emissary has fulfilled his instructions [to take from something belonging to the Temple], the owner has violated meilah; if he has not fulfilled his instructions then the messenger has violated meilah. How so? If he [the owner] said to him [the emissary], give meat to the guests and he gave them liver,[or] if he said liver and he gave them meat, the emissary has violated meilah. If he [the owner] said [to the emissary] to give each of them [the guests] one piece and he [the emissary] told them to take two pieces each and the guests each took three pieces, they have all violated meilah. If he [the owner] said to him [the emissary], bring me [coins] from the window [sill] or from the case, and he [inadvertently] brought him [coins belonging to the Temple], even though the owner said I really meant from this one [that does not belong to the Temple] and he brought from the other one [coins belonging to the Temple], the owner has violated meilah. But if he said bring me [coins] from the window[sill] and he brought him [coins] from the case or if he told him to bring [coins] from the case and he brought [coins] from the window [sill], the messenger has violated meilah.

Mishnah 2ב׳

שָׁלַח בְּיַד חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה, וְקָטָן, אִם עָשׂוּ שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מָעַל. לֹא עָשׂוּ שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, הַחֶנְוָנִי מָעַל. שָׁלַח בְּיַד פִּקֵּחַ, וְנִזְכַּר עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ אֵצֶל הַחֶנְוָנִי, הַחֶנְוָנִי מָעַל כְּשֶׁיּוֹצִיא. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה. נוֹטֵל פְּרוּטָה אוֹ כְלִי וְיֹאמַר, פְּרוּטָה שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהִיא, מְחֻלֶּלֶת עַל זֶה, שֶׁהַהֶקְדֵּשׁ נִפְדֶּה בְכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כָסֶף:

If [an owner] sent [money belonging to the Temple] in the hands of a deaf-mute, a shoteh, or a minor [to purchase something for him from the storekeeper], and they carried out his instructions, the owner has violated meilah. If they do not follow their instructions, the store owner has violated meilah. If he sent it in the hands of a normal person and he remembered before he [the emissary] got to the store keeper, the store keeper violated meilah when he eventually spends the money. What should he [the owner] do [so that the storekeeper does not violate meilah?] He should take a peruta or a vessel [worth a peruta] and say: The peruta belonging to the Temple where ever it is may be deconsecrated on this [peruta or vessel], for items that belong to the Temple can be redeemed with money or items worth money.

Mishnah 3ג׳

נָתַן לוֹ פְרוּטָה, אָמַר לוֹ, הָבֵא לִי בְחֶצְיָהּ נֵרוֹת וּבְחֶצְיָהּ פְּתִילוֹת, הָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא לוֹ בְכֻלָּהּ נֵרוֹת אוֹ בְכֻלָּהּ פְּתִילוֹת, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הָבֵא לִי בְכֻלָּהּ נֵרוֹת אוֹ בְכֻלָּהּ פְּתִילוֹת, הָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא לוֹ בְחֶצְיָהּ נֵרוֹת וּבְחֶצְיָהּ פְּתִילוֹת, שְׁנֵיהֶם לֹא מָעֲלוּ. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ, הָבֵא לִי בְחֶצְיָהּ נֵרוֹת מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וּבְחֶצְיָהּ פְּתִילוֹת מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, וְהָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא לוֹ נֵרוֹת מִבֵּית פְּתִילוֹת וּפְתִילוֹת מִבֵּית נֵרוֹת, הַשָּׁלִיחַ מָעָל:

If he [the owner] gave him [the emisssry] a peruta [that belongs to the Temple] and told him to buy with half of it [the peruta] candles and with the other half to buy wicks, and he [the emissary] bought with all of it wicks or with all of it candles, or if he told him to buy candles with all the money or with all of the money wicks and he bought him half candles and half wicks they have both violated meilah. But if he told him to buy with half the money candles from one place and with the other half wicks from another place, and he went and bought the candles from the place of [where he was to purchase] the wicks and the wicks from the place of [where he was to purchase] the candles, the messenger has violated meilah.

Mishnah 4ד׳

נָתַן לוֹ שְׁתֵּי פְרוּטוֹת, אָמַר לוֹ, הָבֵא לִי אֶתְרוֹג, וְהָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא לוֹ בִפְרוּטָה אֶתְרוֹג וּבִפְרוּטָה רִמּוֹן, שְׁנֵיהֶם מָעֲלוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לֹא מָעַל, שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר לוֹ, אֶתְרוֹג גָּדוֹל הָיִיתִי מְבַקֵּשׁ וְהֵבֵאתָ לִי קָטָן וָרָע. נָתַן לוֹ דִינַר זָהָב, אָמַר לוֹ הָבֵא לִי חָלוּק, וְהָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא לוֹ בִשְׁלשָׁה חָלוּק וּבִשְׁלשָׁה טַלִּית, שְׁנֵיהֶם מָעֲלוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לֹא מָעַל, שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר לוֹ, חָלוּק גָּדוֹל הָיִיתִי מְבַקֵּשׁ וְהֵבֵאתָ לִי קָטָן וָרָע:

If he [the owner] gave him [the emissary] two perutot [that belong to the Temple] and told him to buy a citron for him and he went and bought him a citron worth a peruta and a pomegranate worth a perutathey both have violated meilah. Rabbi Yehudah says the owner did not commit meilah, because he can tell him [the emissary] that I asked for a big citron and you brought me a small bad one. If he gave him a golden dinar, and told him to buy him a shirt, and he went and bought him a shirt for three [sela, worth half a golden dinar] and a cloak for three [sela] they both violated meilah. Rabbi Yehudah says the owner did not violate meilah because he can say to him, I asked for a big cloak and you brought me a small bad one.

Mishnah 5ה׳

הַמַּפְקִיד מָעוֹת אֵצֶל הַשֻּׁלְחָנִי, אִם צְרוּרִין, לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם הוֹצִיא, מָעַל. אִם מֻתָּרִים, יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם הוֹצִיא, לֹא מָעַל. אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם הוֹצִיא, מָעַל. הַחֶנְוָנִי כְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּשֻׁלְחָנִי:

One who deposits money with a money changer, if they are wrapped up [in a bundle] he [the money changer] may not use them. Therefore if he spent it [and then he finds out that it belongs to the Temple] he has violated meilah. If they are loose he [the money changer] may use them, therefore if he spent them he has not violated meilah. [If he deposited the money] with private owner, in either case he [the private owner] may not use them. Therefore if he spent [the money], he [the private owner] violated meilah. A storekeeper is considered a private owner, says Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says, he is considered a money changer.

Mishnah 6ו׳

פְּרוּטָה שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ הַכִּיס, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר, פְּרוּטָה בְכִיס זֶה הֶקְדֵּשׁ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוֹצִיא אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, מָעַל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַכִּיס. מוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בְּאוֹמֵר פְּרוּטָה מִן הַכִּיס זֶה הֶקְדֵּשׁ, שֶׁהוּא מוֹצִיא וְהוֹלֵךְ עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַכִּיס:

If a peruta belonging to the Temple fell into one's pouch or if he said that a peruta that is in this pouch belongs to the Temple [thus mixing it with his private coins], as soon as he takes out the first one [peruta], he has violated meilah, so says Rabbi Akiva. The Sages say he has not violated meilah until he has spent all the coins in the pouch. Rabbi Akiva [however] agrees with the Sages in the case where he said one peruta that is in this pouch belongs to the Temple, that he can spend the coins until he has spent the entire contents of the pouch [before committing meilah].