כלאים ו׳Kilayim 6

Mishnah 1א׳

אֵיזֶהוּ עָרִיס, הַנּוֹטֵע שׁוּרָה שֶׁל חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים בְּצַד הַגָּדֵר שֶׁהוּא גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אוֹ בְצַד חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ עֲבוֹדָתוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מוֹדְדִין אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מֵעִקַּר הַגְּפָנִים לַשָּׂדֶה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִן הַגָּדֵר לַשָּׂדֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, טוֹעִים כָּל הָאוֹמְרִים כֵּן, אֶלָּא אִם יֶשׁ שָׁם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מֵעִקַּר גְּפָנִים וְלַגָּדֵר, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ אֶת עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. וְכַמָּה הִיא עֲבוֹדַת הַגֶּפֶן. שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָל רוּחַ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, שְׁלֹשָׁה:

What is an aris [an arbor, and considered a vineyard]? If one plants a row consisting of [no less than] five vines alongside a fence ten handbreadths high, or alongside a ditch that is ten handbreadths deep and four [handbreadths] wide, we give it four cubits as work space [for tillage]. Biet Shammai say, [the four cubits are measured] from the body [trunk] of the vine to the field. Beit Hillel say, from the fence to the field. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri said, All who say so [that an aris of a row of vines is considered a vineyard] are mistaken. Rather if there are [in the aris] four cubits from the body to the fence, [then] we give it [six handbreadths] as work space [for tillage] and he may sow in the rest [up to the fence]. What is considered work space of a [single] vine? Six handbreadths in every direction. Rabbi Akivah says, three [handbreadths in every direction].

Mishnah 2ב׳

עָרִיס שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא מִן הַמַּדְרֵגָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אִם עוֹמֵד בָּאָרֶץ וּבוֹצֵר אֶת כֻּלּוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת בַּשָּׂדֶה, וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר אֶלָּא כְנֶגְדּוֹ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹטֵעַ אַחַת בָּאָרֶץ וְאַחַת בַּמַּדְרֵגָה, אִם גָּבוֹהַּ מִן הָאָרֶץ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אֵינָהּ מִצְטָרֶפֶת עִמָּהּ, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי זוֹ מִצְטָרֶפֶת עִמָּהּ:

An aris that protrudes from the terrace [built on a hill side and hangs over the field below it], Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says, If one standing on the ground [in the field below] can pick all of it [the grapes], it prohibits [sowing] four cubits in the field. But if not [he cannot pick them from the field] it only prohibits [sowing] that which is directly beneath it. Rabbi Eliezer says, Similarly, if one plants one on the ground and one on the terrace, if it [the terrace] is ten handbreadths high from the ground, it does not combine with her. But if not [the terrace is less than ten handbreadths] it combines with her.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַמַּדְלֶה אֶת הַגֶּפֶן עַל מִקְצָת אַפִּיפְיָרוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע אֶל תַּחַת הַמּוֹתָר. אִם הֵבִיא, לֹא קִדֵּשׁ. וְאִם הִלֵּךְ הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר. וְכֵן הַמַּדְלֶה עַל מִקְצָת אִילַן סְרָק:

If one suspends vines over part of a trellis, he may not bring [sow] seed under the rest of it. If he brought [seeds there] he has not rendered it prohibited [as kilayim]. If [however] new [vine shoots] have spread [over the rest of the area], it [the seeds sown under the rest] are prohibited. Similarly [the law is the same], if one suspends [a vine] over part of an ilan serak [tree which produce no edible fruit or an insignificant amount thereof].

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַמַּדְלֶה אֶת הַגֶּפֶן עַל מִקְצָת אִילַן מַאֲכָל, מֻתָּר לְהָבִיא זֶרַע אֶל תַּחַת הַמּוֹתָר. וְאִם הִלֵּךְ הֶחָדָשׁ, יַחֲזִירֶנּוּ. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָלַךְ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֵצֶל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לִכְפַר עָזִיז, וְהֶרְאָהוּ גֶפֶן מֻדְלֶה עַל מִקְצָת תְּאֵנָה. אָמַר לוֹ, מָה אֲנִי לְהָבִיא זֶרַע אֶל תַּחַת הַמּוֹתָר. אָמַר לוֹ, מֻתָּר. וְהֶעֱלָהוּ מִשָּׁם לְבֵית הַמָּגְנִיָּה, וְהֶרְאָהוּ גֶפֶן שֶׁהִיא מֻדְּלֶה עַל מִקְצָת הַקּוֹרָה, וְסַדָּן שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה, וּבוֹ קוֹרוֹת הַרְבֵּה. אָמַר לוֹ, תַּחַת הַקּוֹרָה זוֹ אָסוּר, וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר:

If one suspends vines over part of a fruit-tree, he may bring [sow] seed under the rest of it. If, [however], new [vine shoots] have spread [over the rest of the area], they must be turned [bent] back [to where they were suspended]. There was an incident that Rabbi Yehoshua went to Rabbi Yishmael to Kefar Aziz, and he [Rabbi Yishmael] showed him a vine that was suspended over part of a fig-tree. He said to him [he asked Rabbi Yehoshua], "May I bring seed under the rest?" He [Rabbi Yehoshua] said to him, "It is permitted," and he took him up to Beit Hamaganya, and he showed him a vine suspended over part of a branch [beam] of a sycamore tree, which had many branches. He [Rabbi Yehoshua] said, "Under this [the branch over part of which the vine had been suspended] it is prohibited, and [under] the rest is permitted.

Mishnah 5ה׳

אֵיזֶהוּ אִילַן סְרָק. כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה פֵרוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל אִילַן סְרָק, חוּץ מִן הַזַּיִת וְהַתְּאֵנָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵין כָּמוֹהוּ נוֹטְעִין שָׂדוֹת שְׁלֵמוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה אִילַן סְרָק:

What is a ilan serak? Any tree that does not bear fruit. Rabbi Meir says, [regarding vine trellising] all trees are [considered] ilan serak, except the olive [tree] and the fig [tree]. Rabbi Yosi says, All trees the like of which are not normally planted exclusively as whole fields, are [considered] ilan serak.

Mishnah 6ו׳

פִּסְקֵי עָרִיס, שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת וָעוֹד. וְכָל מִדּוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם, אֵין בָּהֶם וָעוֹד, חוּץ מִפִּסְקֵי עָרִיס. אֵלוּ הֵן פִּסְקֵי עָרִיס, עָרִיס שֶׁחָרַב מֵאֶמְצָעוֹ וְנִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ בוֹ חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים מִכָּאן וְחָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים מִכָּאן. אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת וָעוֹד, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כְדֵי עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר:

Gaps in an aris [must be] eight cubits and "somewhat more" [to nullify the validity of the aris]. All measurements that the Sages spoke of in regards to a vineyard, the term "somewhat more" is never used [all measurements are exact] except in the case of gaps in an aris. These are [considered] gaps in an aris. If an aris was laid waste in its center but five vines remain on this side and five on this side, if there is [in the gap] eight cubits, he may not bring [sow] seed there under the rest of it. [But if it is] eight cubits and "somewhat more", we give him his work space [for tillage] and he may sow the rest of it.

Mishnah 7ז׳

עָרִיס שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא מִן הַכֹּתֶל מִתּוֹךְ הַקֶּרֶן וְכָלֶה, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵין שָׁם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם:

If an aris grows out beyond the wall from the corner and stops, we give him his work space [for tillage] and he may sow the rest of it. Rabbi Yosi says, If there are not four cubits there, he may not bring other seed there.

Mishnah 8ח׳

הַקָּנִים הַיּוֹצְאִים מִן הֶעָרִיס וְחָס עֲלֵיהֶן לְפָסְקָן, כְּנֶגְדָּן מֻתָּר. עֲשָׂאָן כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהַלֵּךְ עֲלֵיהֶן הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר:

If reeds protrude from the aris and he does not want to cut them off, it is permitted to sow right under them. If he made them so that the new vines spread along them, it is forbidden.

Mishnah 9ט׳

הַפֶּרַח הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הֶעָרִיס, רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ מְטֻטֶּלֶת תְּלוּיָה בוֹ, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ אָסוּר. וְכֵן בְּדָלִית. הַמּוֹתֵחַ זְמוֹרָה מֵאִילָן לְאִילָן, תַּחְתֶּיהָ אָסוּר. סִפְּקָהּ בְּחֶבֶל אוֹ בְגֶמִי, תַּחַת הַסִּפּוּק מֻתָּר. עֲשָׂאָהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהַלֵּךְ עָלָיו הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר:

If a [vine] tendril protrudes from the aris, it is regarded as though a plumb-line were suspended from it, [and] directly beneath it, it is forbidden to sow. Similarly, [the law is the same] in the case of [branches of] a single trellised vine. If one stretches a [vine] branch from one tree to the next , it is forbidden to sow beneath it. If he extended it [the branch, in order for it to reach the other tree] with a rope or reed-grass, under the extension [the rope or reed-grass] it is permitted to sow. If he made it [the extension] so that the new [branches] should spread along it, then it is forbidden [to plant beneath it].