כלאים ה׳Kilayim 5

Mishnah 1א׳

כֶּרֶם שֶׁחָרַב, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְלַקֵּט עֶשֶׂר גְּפָנִים לְבֵית סְאָה, וּנְטוּעוֹת כְּהִלְכָתָן, הֲרֵי זֶה נִקְרָא כֶּרֶם דַּל. כֶּרֶם שֶׁהוּא נָטוּעַ עִרְבּוּבְיָא, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְכַוֵּן שְׁתַּיִם נֶגֶד שָׁלֹשׁ, הֲרֵי זֶה כֶרֶם. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וְהוּא נִרְאֶה כְתַבְנִית הַכְּרָמִים, הֲרֵי זֶה כָרֶם:

A vineyard that has become destroyed [uprooted or dried out], if it is possible to pick [grapes] from ten vines within a beit se'ah and they were planted according to the law, it is called a poor vineyard. A vineyard that has been planted in an irregular fashion [not in sraight rows], if there are among them [five vines] two opposite three [two facing each other and one projecting like a tail], it is considered a vineyard, but if not, it is not considered a vineyard. Rabbi Meir says, Since it appears in the form of a vineyard [it has rows of vines although not in sraight rows] it is in a vineyard.

Mishnah 2ב׳

כֶּרֶם שֶׁהוּא נָטוּעַ עַל פָּחוֹת פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֶּרֶם, וְרוֹאִין אֶת הָאֶמְצָעִיּוֹת כְּאִלּוּ אֵינָן:

A vineyard that has been planted with less than four cubits [between each row], Rabbi Shimon says it is not a vineyard [because they are too close], and the Sages say [it is a] vineyard and we regard the middle ones as if they are not there [the outermost rows combine to the two opposite two rule].

Mishnah 3ג׳

חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בַּכֶּרֶם, עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה מְפֻלָּשׁ מֵרֹאשׁ הַכֶּרֶם וְעַד סוֹפוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה נִרְאֶה כְּבֵין שְׁנֵי כְרָמִים, וְזוֹרְעִים בְּתוֹכוֹ. וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי הוּא כְגָת. וְהַגַּת שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם עֲמֻקָּה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זוֹרְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים. שׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה, זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ. וְאִם הָיָה שֵׂעָר כּוֹתֵשׁ, אָסוּר:

A trench that passes through a vineyard ten [handbreadths] deep and four [handbreadths] wide, Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says, If it [the trench] is open [runs through] from the beginning of the vineyard to the end, it has the appearance of being two vineyards and one may sow in it, and if not, it is [viewed] as a winepress [in a vineyard where it is forbidden to sow]. A winepress in a vineyard, ten [handbreadths] deep and four [handbreadths] wide, Rabbi Eliezer says, one may sow in it, and the Sages say forbid it. A watch-mound [where the watchman stands] in a vineyard ten [handbreadths] high and four [handbreadths] wide, one may sow in it, but if the ends of the vine-branches became entwined [over the mound] it is forbidden.

Mishnah 4ד׳

גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בְגַת אוֹ בְנֶקַע, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵין שָׁם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. וְהַבַּיִת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכוֹ:

If a vine is planted in a wine press, or in a cleft, we give it its work space [for tillage six handbreadths] and one may sow in the rest. Rabbi Yose says, If there are not four cubits there, one may not bring seeds there. It is permitted to sow in a house that stands in a vineyard.

Mishnah 5ה׳

הַנּוֹטֵעַ יָרָק בַּכֶּרֶם אוֹ מְקַיֵּם, הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַדֵּשׁ אַרְבָּעִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה גְפָנִים. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָיוּ נְטוּעוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַרְבַּע, אוֹ עַל חָמֵשׁ חָמֵשׁ. הָיוּ נְטוּעוֹת עַל שֵׁשׁ שֵׁשׁ, אוֹ עַל שֶׁבַע שֶׁבַע, הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַדֵּשׁ שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ, עֲגֻלּוֹת וְלֹא מְרֻבָּעוֹת:

If a man plants herbs in a vineyard, or lets them remain there [does not uproot them] he renders prohibited forty-five vines. When [are the forty-five vines prohibited]? If the vines were planted four [cubits apart] or five [cubits apart]. If they were planted six [cubits apart] or seven [cubits apart], he renders prohibited [a radius of] sixteen cubits in every direction in the form of a circle, not of a square.

Mishnah 6ו׳

הָרוֹאֶה יָרָק בַּכֶּרֶם, וְאָמַר כְּשֶׁאַגִּיעַ לוֹ אֲלַקְּטֶנּוּ, מֻתָּר. כְּשֶׁאֶחֱזֹר אֲלַקְּטֶנּוּ, אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר:

If a man [is tilling his vines] and sees herbs [growing] in the vineyard, and says, When I reach them [the place where they are growing] I will pull them out, he is permitted to do so. [But if he said], When I return [from harvesting] I will pull them out, [if in the interim] they have increased [grown] one two-hundredths, it is forbidden.

Mishnah 7ז׳

הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּכֶּרֶם וְנָפְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ זְרָעִים, אוֹ שֶׁיָּצְאוּ עִם הַזְּבָלִים אוֹ עִם הַמַּיִם, הַזּוֹרֵעַ וְסִעֲרַתּוּ הָרוּחַ לַאֲחוֹרָיו, מֻתָּר. סִעֲרַתּוּ הָרוּחַ לְפָנָיו, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם עֲשָׂבִים, יוֹפַךְ. וְאִם אָבִיב, יְנַפֵּץ. וְאִם הֵבִיאָה דָגָן, תִּדָּלֵק:

If one is passing through his vineyard, and seeds [accidentally] fell from him, or [seeds] have gone [into the field] with manure [that he was applying] or with [the irrigation] water, or if he was sowing [seeds] and the wind blew [the seed] behind him, they are permitted [because they were planted accidentally], [but] if the wind blew them in front of him [and he sees that they fell into he vineyard], Rabbi Akiva says, If [he found] blades [that grew from these seeds], it must be turned [uprooted, so as not to grow again] up], if ears [there are kernels in the stalks, but they have not to one third their size] he must beat them [the kernels out of the stalks], if they produced grain, they must be burnt.

Mishnah 8ח׳

הַמְקַיֵּם קוֹצִים בַּכֶּרֶם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, קִדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא קִדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא דָבָר שֶׁכָּמוֹהוּ מְקַיְּמִין. הָאִירוּס וְהַקִּסּוֹם וְשׁוֹשַׁנַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכָל מִינֵי זְרָעִים, אֵינָן כִּלְאַיִם בַּכָּרֶם. הַקַּנְבּוֹס, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כִלְאָיִם, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כִּלְאָיִם. וְהַקִּנְרָס, כִּלְאַיִם בַּכָּרֶם:

If one permits thorns [the species that camels eat] to remain in his vineyard, Rabbi Eliezer says, He has rendered them prohibited, the Sages say he has not rendered them prohibited, for only [the only things that renders them prohibited are] such species that one [generally] retains [thorns are only prohibited in a place where there are camels]. The eirus [plant with broad leaves, used for seasoning food], ivy like, the shoshanat hamelekh [king's lily] are not kilayim in a vineyard. All kinds of seeds are not kilayim in a vineyard [by Torah law]. [With regard to] hemp Rabbi Tarfon says, it is not kilayim and the Sages say it is kilayim. Artichokes are kilayim in a vineyard.