כלאים ה׳Kilayim 5

Perek 5 of 9 in Kilayim — 8 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

כֶּרֶם שֶׁחָרַב, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְלַקֵּט עֶשֶׂר גְּפָנִים לְבֵית סְאָה, וּנְטוּעוֹת כְּהִלְכָתָן, הֲרֵי זֶה נִקְרָא כֶּרֶם דַּל. כֶּרֶם שֶׁהוּא נָטוּעַ עִרְבּוּבְיָא, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ לְכַוֵּן שְׁתַּיִם נֶגֶד שָׁלֹשׁ, הֲרֵי זֶה כֶרֶם. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וְהוּא נִרְאֶה כְתַבְנִית הַכְּרָמִים, הֲרֵי זֶה כָרֶם:

A vineyard that has become destroyed [uprooted or dried out], if it is possible to pick [grapes] from ten vines within a beit se'ah and they were planted according to the law, it is called a poor vineyard. A vineyard that has been planted in an irregular fashion [not in sraight rows], if there are among them [five vines] two opposite three [two facing each other and one projecting like a tail], it is considered a vineyard, but if not, it is not considered a vineyard. Rabbi Meir says, Since it appears in the form of a vineyard [it has rows of vines although not in sraight rows] it is in a vineyard.

Mishnah 2ב׳

כֶּרֶם שֶׁהוּא נָטוּעַ עַל פָּחוֹת פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֶּרֶם, וְרוֹאִין אֶת הָאֶמְצָעִיּוֹת כְּאִלּוּ אֵינָן:

A vineyard that has been planted with less than four cubits [between each row], Rabbi Shimon says it is not a vineyard [because they are too close], and the Sages say [it is a] vineyard and we regard the middle ones as if they are not there [the outermost rows combine to the two opposite two rule].

Mishnah 3ג׳

חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בַּכֶּרֶם, עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה מְפֻלָּשׁ מֵרֹאשׁ הַכֶּרֶם וְעַד סוֹפוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה נִרְאֶה כְּבֵין שְׁנֵי כְרָמִים, וְזוֹרְעִים בְּתוֹכוֹ. וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי הוּא כְגָת. וְהַגַּת שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם עֲמֻקָּה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זוֹרְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים. שׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה, זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ. וְאִם הָיָה שֵׂעָר כּוֹתֵשׁ, אָסוּר:

A trench that passes through a vineyard ten [handbreadths] deep and four [handbreadths] wide, Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says, If it [the trench] is open [runs through] from the beginning of the vineyard to the end, it has the appearance of being two vineyards and one may sow in it, and if not, it is [viewed] as a winepress [in a vineyard where it is forbidden to sow]. A winepress in a vineyard, ten [handbreadths] deep and four [handbreadths] wide, Rabbi Eliezer says, one may sow in it, and the Sages say forbid it. A watch-mound [where the watchman stands] in a vineyard ten [handbreadths] high and four [handbreadths] wide, one may sow in it, but if the ends of the vine-branches became entwined [over the mound] it is forbidden.

Mishnah 4ד׳

גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בְגַת אוֹ בְנֶקַע, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵין שָׁם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. וְהַבַּיִת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכוֹ:

If a vine is planted in a wine press, or in a cleft, we give it its work space [for tillage six handbreadths] and one may sow in the rest. Rabbi Yose says, If there are not four cubits there, one may not bring seeds there. It is permitted to sow in a house that stands in a vineyard.

…and 4 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna, tr. D. A. de Sola and M. J. Raphall, 1843 — public domain