עירובין ט׳Eruvin 9

Mishnah 1א׳

כָּל גַּגּוֹת הָעִיר, רְשׁוּת אַחַת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא גַג גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ נָמוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד רְשׁוּת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד גַּגּוֹת וְאֶחָד חֲצֵרוֹת וְאֶחָד קַרְפֵּיפוֹת, רְשׁוּת אֶחָד לַכֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ לְתוֹכָן, וְלֹא לַכֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בְתוֹךְ הַבָּיִת:

All the roofs in the city are one domain [And even if there are separate dwellings below for two men, still, the roofs, which are not constantly used, are not distinctive domains, and vessels resting on one roof may be carried to the other], so long as one roof not be ten tefachim higher or lower than the other. [For if there is a ten tefach difference in height, it is forbidden to carry onto the roofs — a decree by reason of a mound ten tefachim high and four tefachim wide in the public domain, which (mound) is a private domain, that one not come to place things upon it to be carried.] These are the words of R. Meir. And the sages say: Each is a domain in itself. [And if the dwellers below did not make an eruv, it is forbidden to carry from one (roof) to the other.] R. Shimon says: Both roofs, and courtyards, and karpefoth (see 2:3) are (considered) one domain for vessels which rested within them, but not for vessels which rested in the house. [R. Shimon's ruling is the most lenient. He says that roofs, courtyards, and karpefoth which are not larger than beth sa'atayim — since their use is not distinctive and constant — are all considered one domain, and one may carry form one to the other without an eruv, even if the roofs were higher or lower than ten (vis-à-vis each other). For R. Shimon holds that courtyard eruvin are required only for house vessels. ("for vessels which rested within them":) Vessels which rested in one of them may be carried to the other. ("but not for vessels which rested in the house":) Vessels which were resting in the house and were carried into the courtyard by means of the eruv of the men of the courtyard may not be carried from one courtyard to another if the two courtyards did not make an eruv with each other. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon.]

Mishnah 2ב׳

גַּג גָּדוֹל סָמוּךְ לְקָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל מֻתָּר וְהַקָּטָן אָסוּר. חָצֵר גְּדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה לִקְטַנָּה, גְּדוֹלָה מֻתֶּרֶת, וּקְטַנָּה אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְפִתְחָהּ שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה. חָצֵר שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, הַמַּכְנִיס מִתּוֹכָהּ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, אוֹ מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְתוֹכָהּ, חַיָּב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִתּוֹכָהּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אוֹ מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכָהּ, פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְּכַרְמְלִית:

A large roof adjoining a small one — the large is permitted [i.e., It is permitted to bring vessels to it from the house below, and those of the small roof do not forbid it, for vis-à-vis the large roof, the breach in the small roof is (perceived as) an entrance, and it (the large roof) is permitted by reason of the wings jutting out a little on either side as a railing around the roofs, and it is considered an enclosure. (This, when the breach is not larger than ten cubits.)], but the small is forbidden [i.e., It is forbidden to bring vessels to it from the house below, the men of the large roof forbidding it, for it (the small roof) is "breached onto it" entirely.] A large courtyard breached onto a small one — the large is permitted, [by reason of the wings remaining on either side, causing the breach to be perceived as an entrance], and the small is forbidden, [being entirely breached. This, only if it were breached before Shabbath, but if it were breached on Shabbath, even the small one is permitted. For since it was permitted for part of Shabbath, before it was breached, it is permitted for all of Shabbath.] A courtyard breached into the public domain [i.e., a courtyard whose wall facing the public domain fell entirely or (were breached) by more than ten cubits] — if one carries from it to a private domain or from a private domain to it, he is liable, [for it is like a public domain.] These are the words of R. Eliezer. The sages say: (If he carries) from it to the public domain or from the public domain to it, he is not liable, [but it is forbidden to do so], for it is [not a public domain, but] like a karmelith. [The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]