עירובין י׳Eruvin 10

Mishnah 1א׳

הַמּוֹצֵא תְפִלִּין, מַכְנִיסָן זוּג זוּג. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, שְׁנַיִם שְׁנָיִם. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּישָׁנוֹת, אֲבָל בַּחֲדָשׁוֹת, פָּטוּר. מְצָאָן צְבָתִים אוֹ כְרִיכוֹת, מַחְשִׁיךְ עֲלֵיהֶן וּמְבִיאָן. וּבַסַּכָּנָה, מְכַסָּן וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ:

If one finds tefillin [in the field, in a place where they are not guarded (against defilement)], he brings them in, pair by pair, [one (phylactery) on his head and one on his arm, as he wears them during the week, this being a "pair." And he keeps on returning and bringing in pairs until he has brought them all in. He holds that the mitzvah of tefillin obtains on Shabbath, but that the sages decreed against it (wearing tefillin on Shabbath) lest the strap tear and he carry them (in a forbidden domain) in his hand. And if he wears more than one pair, he transgresses the prohibition of adding to the mitzvoth, so that they become like a (forbidden) burden.] R. Gamliel says: Two (pairs) by two. [R. Gamliel holds that the mitzvah of tefillin does not obtain on Shabbath, and that the rabbis permitted "rescuing" them, for they are regarded as ornaments. Therefore, two pairs at a time may be brought in, two pairs being ornamental. For we learned that there is room on the head for two phylacteries, and so long as it is ornamental it is permitted. And there is no transgression of the prohibition of adding to the mitzvoth here, for there is no mitzvah of tefillin at all (on Shabbath), but (they are regarded as) habiliments in general. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Gamliel.] When is this so? With old ones, [where the knot is recognizable as a tefillin knot, in which instance they are (known to be) holy objects, which may not be left in a place of (possible) defilement.], but with new ones, he is exempt. [He does not desecrate the Sabbath for their sake to bring them in, for they might only be an amulet. They possess holiness only when they are made according to the halachah for the sake of the mitzvah (of tefillin). If he found (many) coupled sets or [many (individual phylacteries)] together, he waits over them [guarding them] until it gets dark, when he brings [all of them] in [together. This, when they are so many that if he brought them in pair by pair he would not be able to bring all of them in by nightfall. (For if they could be brought in pair by pair by nightfall, that is what he does, as stated above)]. And in time of danger [i.e., when the ruling powers decreed against wearing tefillin], he covers them and goes on. [Our Mishnah is defective. This is what was taught: "When is this so? In a time of danger of shmad (religious persecution). But if he is afraid to stay there because of robbers, he carries them less than four cubits at a time."]

Mishnah 2ב׳

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, נוֹתְנָן לַחֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לֶחָצֵר הַחִיצוֹנָה. וְכֵן בְּנוֹ, נוֹתְנוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן אָדָם חָבִית לַחֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ חוּץ לַתְּחוּם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא תְהַלֵּךְ זוֹ יוֹתֵר מֵרַגְלֵי בְעָלֶיהָ:

R. Shimon says: He gives them to his friend, and his friend to his friend until he reaches the outer courtyard (of the city), [and he does not carry them less than four cubits at a time when he is afraid of robbers — a decree lest he carry them from the beginning of four cubits to the end. The halachah is in accordance with R. Shimon.] And thus with his son, [whose mother bore him in the field on Shabbath — he gives him to his friend, etc. This is preferable to carrying him four cubits at a time.] He gives him to his friend, and his friend to his friend, even a hundred. R. Yehudah says: A man gives a jug to his friend, and his friend to his friend, even outside the tchum. [The jug in this instance is hefker (ownerless), for if it belonged to someone, the ruling is that a beast and vessels are "as the feet of the owners." And R. Yehudah holds that articles of hefker do not acquire "resting."] They said to him ["They" here refers to R. Yochanan b. Nuri, who says that articles of hefker acquire "resting" in their place]: This (the jug) may not travel farther than the feet of its owner. [That is, if it had an owner who did not make an eruv it could travel only two thousand cubits; so, now, too, it may travel only two thousand cubits from the place of its resting. The halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah.]