בכורות ז׳Bekhorot 7

Perek 7 of 9 in Bekhorot — 7 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

מוּמִין אֵלּוּ, בֵּין קְבוּעִין בֵּין עוֹבְרִין, פּוֹסְלִין בָּאָדָם. יוֹתֵר עֲלֵיהֶן בָּאָדָם, הַכִּילוֹן, וְהַלַּפְתָּן, הַמַּקָּבָן, וְשֶׁרֹאשׁוֹ שָׁקוּעַ, וּשְׁקִיפָס. וּבַעֲלֵי הַחֲטוֹטֶרֶת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַכְשִׁיר, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין:

These blemishes whether permanent or temporary invalidate a person [i.e., a priest, from serving in the Temple]. [The following] are added to these regarding a person: one whose head is shaped like a pyramid, or a radish or a hammer, or one whose head protrudes in front or if it does not protrude in the back. A hunchback, Rabbi Yehuda validates, and the Sages invalidate.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַקֵּרֵחַ, פָּסוּל. אֵיזֶהוּ קֵרֵחַ, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שִׁטָּה שֶׁל שֵׂעָר מַקֶּפֶת מֵאֹזֶן לְאֹזֶן. וְאִם יֵשׁ לוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה כָּשֵׁר. אֵין לוֹ גְבִּינִים, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא גְבִין אֶחָד, הוּא גִבֵּן הָאָמוּר בַּתּוֹרָה. רַבִּי דוֹסָא אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁגְּבִּינָיו שׁוֹכְבִין. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שְׁנֵי גַבִּים וּשְׁתֵּי שִׁדְרָאוֹת:

One who is bald is invalid? Who is considered bald? Anyone who does not have a line of hair that encompasses [his head] from ear to ear; but if he does have [such] hair, he is valid. If he does not have eyebrows, or if he only has one, this is the giben spoken of in the Torah. Rabbi Dosa says: anyone whose eyebrows droop. Rabbi Chanina Ben Antignos says: anyone with scoliosis [lit. "two backs and two spines"].

Mishnah 3ג׳

הֶחָרוּם, פָּסוּל. אֵיזֶהוּ חָרוּם, הַכּוֹחֵל שְׁתֵּי עֵינָיו כְּאֶחָת. שְׁתֵּי עֵינָיו לְמַעְלָה, וּשְׁתֵּי עֵינָיו לְמַטָּה, עֵינוֹ אַחַת לְמַעְלָה, וְעֵינוֹ אַחַת לְמַטָּה, רוֹאֶה אֶת הַחֶדֶר וְאֶת הָעֲלִיָּה כְּאֶחָת, סָכֵי שֶׁמֶשׁ, זוּגְדוֹס, וְהַצִּירָן. וְשֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ רִיסֵי עֵינָיו, פָּסוּל, מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעָיִן:

The charum is invalid. Who is a charum? One who can paint both his eyes at once [i.e., his nasal bridge is sunken]. If both his eyes are higher than normal or lower than normal or if one eye is higher than the other, or if one eye looks up while the other looks down [lit., "he sees the room and the attic at the same time"], or one who closes his eyes in the sun or one who has mismatched eyes or one whose eyes constantly tear. If his eyelashes fell out, he is invalid because of mar'it ha'ayin [an action or situation which might be misinterpreted by the casual viewer, who might think it involves a transgression where there is none, or come to permit forbidden actions based on what he has seen].

Mishnah 4ד׳

עֵינָיו גְּדוֹלוֹת כְּשֶׁל עֵגֶל, אוֹ קְטַנּוֹת כְּשֶׁל אַוָּז, גּוּפוֹ גָּדוֹל מֵאֵבָרָיו אוֹ קָטָן מֵאֵבָרָיו, חָטְמוֹ גָּדוֹל מֵאֵבָרָיו אוֹ קָטָן מֵאֵבָרָיו, הַצִּמֵּם, וְהַצִּמֵּעַ. אֵיזֶה הוּא צִמֵּעַ, שֶׁאָזְנָיו קְטַנּוֹת. וְהַצִּמֵּם, שֶׁאָזְנָיו דּוֹמוֹת לִסְפוֹג:

If his eyes were as big as [those] of a calf or as small as [those] of a goose, if his body is larger than [i.e., large in relation to the size of] his limbs or smaller than his limbs, or if his nose is bigger than his limbs or if it is smaller, the tsimem and the tsime'a. Who is a tsime'a? One whose ears are small. And a tsimem? One whose ears look [wrinkled] like sponges.

…and 3 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0