בכורות ו׳Bekhorot 6

Perek 6 of 9 in Bekhorot — 12 mishnayot

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Mishnah 1א׳

עַל אֵלּוּ מוּמִין שׁוֹחֲטִין אֶת הַבְּכוֹר, נִפְגְּמָה אָזְנוֹ מִן הַסְּחוּס, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הָעוֹר, נִסְדְּקָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא חָסְרָה, נִקְּבָה מְלֹא כַרְשִׁינָה, אוֹ שֶׁיָּבָשָׁה. אֵיזוֹ הִיא יְבֵשָׁה, כֹּל שֶׁתִּנָּקֵב וְאֵינָהּ מוֹצִיאָה טִפַּת דָּם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן מְשֻׁלָּם אוֹמֵר, יְבֵשָׁה, שֶׁתְּהֵא נִפְרָכֶת:

For which blemishes do we slaughter a firstborn? If its ear is punctured through the cartilage, but not through the skin, if it is slit but not missing anything, if there is a hole the size of a vetch seed, or if it is dried up. What is considered dry? Anything that would not bleed if pierced. Rabbi Yossi ben Meshulam says: It is dry if it would crumble.

Mishnah 2ב׳

רִיס שֶׁל עַיִן שֶׁנִּקַּב, שֶׁנִּפְגַּם, שֶׁנִּסְדַּק, הֲרֵי בְעֵינָיו דַּק, תְּבַלּוּל, חִלָּזוֹן נָחָשׁ, וְעֵנָב. וְאֵיזֶהוּ תְּבַלּוּל, לָבָן הַפוֹסֵק בַּסִּירָא וְנִכְנָס בַּשָּׁחוֹר. בַּשָּׁחוֹר וְנִכְנָס בַּלָּבָן, אֵינוֹ מוּם, שֶׁאֵין מוּמִים בַּלָּבָן:

If the eyelid is pierced, punctured or slit, if the eyes have a cataract or a tevalul or a or a fleshy appendage or an blister. What is a tevalul? If the white breaks through the iris and enters the black. If the black enters the white it is not a blemish because there are no blemishes in the white.

Mishnah 3ג׳

חֲוַרְוָד וְהַמַּיִם הַקְּבוּעִים. אֵיזֶהוּ חֲוַרְוָד הַקָּבוּעַ, כֹּל שֶׁשָּׁהָה שְׁמוֹנִים יוֹם. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁלשָׁה פְעָמִים בְּתוֹךְ שְׁמוֹנִים יוֹם. וְאֵלּוּ הֵם מַיִם הַקְּבוּעִים, אָכַל לַח וְיָבֵשׁ שֶׁל גְּשָׁמִים, לַח וְיָבֵשׁ שֶׁל שְׁלָחִים. אָכַל הַיָּבֵשׁ וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָכַל הַלַּח, אֵינוֹ מוּם, עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל הַיָּבֵשׁ אַחַר הַלַּח:

Persistent white spots or tearing. What is a persistent white spot? anything that lasts for eighty days. Rabbi Chaninah ben Antignos says they check it three times during the eighty days. Which [circumstances allow us to identify] persistent tearing: If it ate moist and [then] dry [grasses] from [a field watered by] rain. [But if it ate] moist and [then] dry [grasses] from [a field watered by] irrigation, [or if] it ate dry [grass] and then moist - it is not [considered] a blemish until [we see] he eats the dry after the moist.

Mishnah 4ד׳

חָטְמוֹ שֶׁנִּקַּב, שֶׁנִּפְגַּם, שֶׁנִּסְדַּק, שְׂפָתוֹ שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, שֶׁנִּפְגְּמָה, שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, חִטָּיו הַחִיצוֹנוֹת שֶׁנִּפְגְּמוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּגְמְמוּ, וְהַפְנִימִיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּעֱקָרוּ. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר, אֵין בּוֹדְקִין מִן הַמַּתְאִימוֹת וְלִפְנִים, אַף לֹא אֶת הַמַתְאִימוֹת:

If its nose was pierced or punctured or slit or if its lip was was pierce, punctured or slit, or if its front gums were punctured or [completely] receded, or if [its] back [gums] were uprooted - [these are blemishes]. Rabbi Chaninah ben Antignos says, we do not examine from the molars on back, nor do we examine the molars [themselves].

…and 8 more mishnayot in this perek.

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Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0