בבא בתרא ה׳Bava Batra 5

Mishnah 1א׳

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַסְּפִינָה, מָכַר אֶת הַתֹּרֶן וְאֶת הַנֵּס וְאֶת הָעוֹגִין וְאֶת כָּל הַמַּנְהִיגִין אוֹתָהּ, אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר לֹא אֶת הָעֲבָדִים, וְלֹא אֶת הַמַּרְצוּפִין, וְלֹא אֶת הָאַנְתִּיקִי. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. מָכַר אֶת הַקָּרוֹן, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַפְּרָדוֹת. מָכַר אֶת הַפְּרָדוֹת, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַקָּרוֹן. מָכַר אֶת הַצֶּמֶד, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַבָּקָר. מָכַר אֶת הַבָּקָר, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַצֶּמֶד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַדָּמִים מוֹדִיעִין. כֵּיצַד, אָמַר לוֹ מְכוֹר לִי צִמְדְּךָ בְּמָאתַיִם זוּז, הַדָּבָר יָדוּעַ שֶׁאֵין הַצֶּמֶד בְּמָאתַיִם זוּז. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַדָּמִים רְאָיָה:

One who sells a ship has sold its mast, sail, anchor, and oars, but he has not sold its [attendant] slaves, nor the packing bags, nor the stores. In the event that he said to him, “It and all that it contains,” then all these are included in the sale. One who sold a wagon has not sold the mules. One who sold the mules has not sold the wagon. One who sold the yoke has not sold the oxen. One who sold the oxen, has not sold the yoke. Rabbi Yehuda says: The price indicates [what is to be included in the sale]. How so? [If] he said to him, “Sell me your yoke for two hundred zuz,” it is obvious that a yoke [alone] is not [sold] for 200 zuz. But the Sages say: The price is no proof.

Mishnah 2ב׳

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר, לֹא מָכַר כֵּלָיו. נַחוּם הַמָּדִי אוֹמֵר, מָכַר כֵּלָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, פְּעָמִים מְכוּרִין וּפְעָמִים אֵינָן מְכוּרִין. כֵּיצַד, הָיָה חֲמוֹר לְפָנָיו וְכֵלָיו עָלָיו, וְאָמַר לוֹ מְכוֹר לִי חֲמוֹרְךָ זֶה, הֲרֵי כֵלָיו מְכוּרִין. חֲמוֹרְךָ הוּא, אֵין כֵּלָיו מְכוּרִין:

One who sold his donkey has not sold its accessories. Nahum haMadi says: He has sold its accessories. Rabbi Yehuda says: Sometimes they are sold and sometimes they are not sold. How is it so? There was a donkey before him with its accessories upon it, and he said to him, "Sell me this donkey of yours," its accessories are sold. "Your donkey" - its accessories are not sold.

Mishnah 3ג׳

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר, מָכַר אֶת הַסְּיָח. מָכַר אֶת הַפָּרָה, לֹא מָכַר אֶת בְּנָהּ. מָכַר אַשְׁפָּה, מָכַר זִבְלָהּ. מָכַר בּוֹר, מָכַר מֵימָיו. מָכַר כַּוֶּרֶת, מָכַר דְּבוֹרִים. מָכַר שׁוֹבָךְ, מָכַר יוֹנִים. הַלּוֹקֵחַ פֵּרוֹת שׁוֹבָךְ מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, מַפְרִיחַ בְּרֵכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. פֵּרוֹת כַּוֶּרֶת, נוֹטֵל שְׁלֹשָׁה נְחִילִין וּמְסָרֵס. חַלּוֹת דְּבַשׁ, מַנִּיחַ שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת. זֵיתִים לָקֹץ, מַנִּיחַ שְׁתֵּי גְרוֹפִיּוֹת:

One who sold a donkey has sold its foal. If he sold a cow he has not sold its calf. If he sold a trash heap, he has sold its dung. If he sold a cistern, he has sold its water. If he sold a bee-hive he has sold the bees. If he sold a dovecote he has sold the doves. One who bought the products of a dovecote from his fellow must chase away the first brood. The products of a beehive - he takes three swarms and then alternates. Honeycombs - he must leave two honeycombs. Olive trees to cut down the branches - he must leave two branches.

Mishnah 4ד׳

הַקּוֹנֶה שְׁנֵי אִילָנוֹת בְּתוֹךְ שְׂדֵה חֲבֵרוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא קָנָה קַרְקַע. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, קָנָה קַרְקַע. הִגְדִּילוּ, לֹא יְשַׁפֶּה. וְהָעוֹלֶה מִן הַגֶּזַע, שֶׁלּוֹ. וּמִן הַשָּׁרָשִׁים, שֶׁל בַּעַל הַקַּרְקַע. וְאִם מֵתוּ, אֵין לוֹ קַרְקַע. קָנָה שְׁלֹשָׁה, קָנָה קַרְקַע. הִגְדִּילוּ, יְשַׁפֶּה. וְהָעוֹלֶה מִן הַגֶּזַע וּמִן הַשָּׁרָשִׁין, שֶׁלּוֹ. וְאִם מֵתוּ, יֶשׁ לוֹ קַרְקַע:

One who bought two trees in his fellow’s field - he has not bought their ground. Rabbi Meir says: He has bought their ground. If they expand, [the owner of the land] may not trim them. Whatever grows from a shoot belongs to him, but what comes up from the roots belongs to the owner of the land. And if they die, the ground is not his. If he bought three trees, he has bought their ground. If they expand, [the owner of the land] may trim them. And what from a shoot or from the roots belongs to him. And if they die the ground is his.

Mishnah 5ה׳

הַמּוֹכֵר רֹאשׁ בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הָרַגְלָיִם. מָכַר אֶת הָרַגְלַיִם, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הָרֹאשׁ. מָכַר אֶת הַקָּנֶה, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַכָּבֵד. מָכַר אֶת הַכָּבֵד, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַקָּנֶה. אֲבָל בְּדַקָּה, מָכַר אֶת הָרֹאשׁ, מָכַר אֶת הָרַגְלָיִם. מָכַר אֶת הָרַגְלַיִם, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הָרֹאשׁ. מָכַר אֶת הַקָּנֶה, מָכַר אֶת הַכָּבֵד. מָכַר אֶת הַכָּבֵד, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַקָּנֶה:

One who sold the head of a head of cattle has not sold the feet. If he sold the feet, he has not sold the head. If he sold the windpipe and lungs he has not sold the liver. If he sold the liver, he has not sold the windpipe and lungs. But in the case of a [sheep or goat]: If he sold the head he has sold the feet. If he sold the feet he has not sold the head. If he sold the windpipe and lungs he has sold the liver. If he sold the liver he has not sold the windpipe and lungs.

Mishnah 6ו׳

אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בַּמּוֹכְרִין. מָכַר לוֹ חִטִּים יָפוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ רָעוֹת, הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. רָעוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ יָפוֹת, מוֹכֵר יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. רָעוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ רָעוֹת, יָפוֹת וְנִמְצְאוּ יָפוֹת, אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ. שְׁחַמְתִּית וְנִמְצֵאת לְבָנָה, לְבָנָה וְנִמְצֵאת שְׁחַמְתִּית, עֵצִים שֶׁל זַיִת וְנִמְצְאוּ שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה, שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה וְנִמְצְאוּ שֶׁל זַיִת, יַיִן וְנִמְצָא חֹמֶץ, חֹמֶץ וְנִמְצָא יַיִן, שְׁנֵיהֶם יְכוֹלִין לַחֲזֹר בָּהֶן:

There are four rules regarding those who sell: If one has sold good wheat and it is found to be bad, the buyer may retract. If he sold bad wheat and it is found to be good, the seller may retract. Bad wheat and it is found to be bad, or good wheat and it is found to be good, neither may retract. Dark wheat and it is found to be white; white and it is found to be dark; wood of the olive tree and it is found to be wood of the sycamore; wood of the sycamore and it is found to be wood of the olive tree; wine and it is found to be vinegar; vinegar and it is found to be wine: either of them may retract.

Mishnah 7ז׳

הַמּוֹכֵר פֵּרוֹת לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מָשַׁךְ וְלֹא מָדַד, קָנָה. מָדַד וְלֹא מָשַׁךְ, לֹא קָנָה. אִם הָיָה פִקֵּחַ, שׂוֹכֵר אֶת מְקוֹמָן. הַלּוֹקֵחַ פִּשְׁתָּן מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא קָנָה עַד שֶׁיְּטַלְטְלֶנּוּ מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם. וְאִם הָיָה בִמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע וְתָלַשׁ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, קָנָה:

[If] one sells produce to his fellow: if the buyer drew it toward himself but did not measure it, he has acquired [it]. If he measured it but did not draw it towards himself, he has not acquired [it]. If he is clever he will rent the location [of the produce]. One who bought flax from his fellow does not acquire it until he moves it from place to place. If it was attached to the ground and he plucked any small quantity of it, he has acquired it.

Mishnah 8ח׳

הַמּוֹכֵר יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְהוּקְרוּ אוֹ שֶׁהוּזְלוּ, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְמַלְּאָה הַמִּדָּה, לַמּוֹכֵר. מִשֶּׁנִּתְמַלְּאָה הַמִּדָּה, לַלּוֹקֵחַ. וְאִם הָיָה סַרְסוּר בֵּינֵיהֶן, נִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית, נִשְׁבְּרָה לַסַּרְסוּר. וְחַיָּב לְהַטִּיף לוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ טִפִּין. הִרְכִּינָהּ וּמִצָּה, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל מוֹכֵר. וְהַחֶנְוָנִי אֵינוֹ חַיָּב לְהַטִּיף שָׁלֹשׁ טִפִּין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת עִם חֲשֵׁכָה, פָּטוּר:

[If] one sold wine or oil to his fellow, and they became more expensive or less expensive: if [the price changed] before the measuring device was filled, [it belongs] to the seller. Once the measuring device was filled, [it belongs] to the buyer. If there was a middleman between them: if the barrel broke, it broke to [the detriment of] the middleman. The seller [of wine or oil] must let three more drops drip [for the buyer]. If he then turned the measuring device over and [the liquid] pooled, this belongs to the seller. And the shopkeeper is not obligated to let three more drops drip. Rabbi Yehuda says: On the eve of Shabbat, once it is dark, is he exempt.

Mishnah 9ט׳

הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ אֶת בְּנוֹ אֵצֶל חֶנְוָנִי וּפֻנְדְּיוֹן בְּיָדוֹ, וּמָדַד לוֹ בְּאִסָּר שֶׁמֶן וְנָתַן לוֹ אֶת הָאִסָּר, שָׁבַר אֶת הַצְּלוֹחִית וְאִבֵּד אֶת הָאִסָּר, חֶנְוָנִי חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר, שֶׁעַל מְנָת כֵּן שְׁלָחוֹ. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַצְּלוֹחִית בְּיַד הַתִּינוֹק וּמָדַד חֶנְוָנִי לְתוֹכָהּ, חֶנְוָנִי פָטוּר:

[If] one sent his child to a shopkeeper with a pundion in his hand and he measured out an issar worth of oil for him and gave him an issar [in change], [and] the child broke the flask and lost the issar, the shopkeeper is liable. Rabbi Yehuda exempts him, for he did send him for this purpose. And the sages agree with Rabbi Yehuda that if the shopkeeper measured the oil into the flask while it was in the child’s hand, the shopkeeper is exempt.

Mishnah 10י׳

הַסִּיטוֹן מְקַנֵּחַ מִדּוֹתָיו אַחַת לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת אַחַת לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים. חֶנְוָנִי מְקַנֵּחַ מִדּוֹתָיו פַּעֲמַיִם בַּשַּׁבָּת, וּמְמַחֶה מִשְׁקְלוֹתָיו פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשַּׁבָּת, וּמְקַנֵּחַ מֹאזְנַיִם עַל כָּל מִשְׁקָל וּמִשְׁקָל:

The wholesaler must wipe his measuring devices once every thirty days and the householder once every twelve months. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: Vice versa. The shopkeeper must wipe his measuring devices twice per week, and clean his weights once per week, and clean his scales for each and every weighing.

Mishnah 11י״א

אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בַּלַּח. אֲבָל בַּיָּבֵשׁ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ. וְחַיָּב לְהַכְרִיעַ לוֹ טֶפַח. הָיָה שׁוֹקֵל לוֹ עַיִן בְּעַיִן, נוֹתֵן לוֹ גֵרוּמָיו, אֶחָד לַעֲשָׂרָה בַּלַּח וְאֶחָד לְעֶשְׂרִים בַּיָּבֵשׁ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לָמֹד בַּדַּקָּה, לֹא יָמֹד בַּגַּסָּה. בַּגַּסָּה, לֹא יָמֹד בַּדַּקָּה. לִמְחֹק, לֹא יִגְדֹּשׁ. לִגְדֹּשׁ, לֹא יִמְחֹק:

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: To what do these words apply? To [vessels used to measure] liquid. But [vessels used to measure] dry substances do not require it. And he must tilt the scales by a handbreadth [to the buyer’s advantage]. If he measured what appears [to be exactly even] for him, he must give him the customary addition to the measure: a tenth for liquid measures and a twentieth for dry measures. In places where they are accustomed to measure with small measures, he should not measure with large measures; with large measures, he should not measure with small measures; to smooth down, he should not heap; to heap, he should not smooth down.