The Mishnah
בבא בתרא ד׳Bava Batra 4
Perek 4 of 10 in Bava Batra — 9 mishnayot
Mishnah 1א׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַבַּיִת, לֹא מָכַר הַיָּצִיעַ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא פְתוּחָה לְתוֹכוֹ, וְלֹא אֶת הַחֶדֶר שֶׁלִּפְנִים מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלֹא אֶת הַגַּג בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מַעֲקֶה גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אֵינוֹ מָכוּר:
One who sold a house has not sold its annex, even though it opens into the house, nor the room that further in [to the property than the house], nor the roof, if it has a railing more than ten hand-breadths high. Rabbi Yehudah says: If [the entrance to the roof] has the form of a door, even if [the railing] is not ten hand-breadths high, it is not sold.
Mishnah 2ב׳
לֹא אֶת הַבּוֹר, וְלֹא אֶת הַדּוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּתַב לוֹ עֻמְקָא וְרוּמָא. וְצָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דֶרֶךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. מְכָרָן לְאַחֵר, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיך לִקַּח לוֹ דֶרֶךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ:
Nor [has he sold] the cistern or the cellar, even though he had written in the deed of sale, “The depth and height." And [the seller] must buy himself a path [from the new owner to reach his cellar or cistern] - the words of Rabbi Akiva. But the Sages say: He need not buy himself a path. And Rabbi Akiva agrees that if he had said to him, “Excepting [the cistern or cellar],” that he need not buy himself a path. If he sold [the cellar or cistern] to another, Rabbi Akiva says: He need not buy himself a path. But the Sages say: He must buy himself a path.
Mishnah 3ג׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַבַּיִת, מָכַר אֶת הַדֶּלֶת, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ. מָכַר אֶת הַמַּכְתֶּשֶׁת הַקְּבוּעָה, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטֶלֶת. מָכַר אֶת הָאִצְטְרֻבָּל, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַקֶּלֶת, וְלֹא אֶת הַתַּנּוּר, וְלֹא אֶת הַכִּירָיִם. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין:
One who sold a house has sold the door, but not the key. He has sold a permanent mortar but not a movable one. He has sold the convex millstone but not the concave one, nor the oven, nor the stove. But if he had said, "It and all that is in it," these are also sold.
Mishnah 4ד׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הֶחָצֵר, מָכַר בָּתִּים, בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין, וּמְעָרוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, וְלֹא אֶת בֵּית הַבַּד שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הֶחָצֵר, לֹא מָכַר אֶלָּא אֲוִירָהּ שֶׁל חָצֵר:
One who sold a courtyard has sold its houses, cisterns, trenches and caves, but not the movable property. In the event that he said, “It and all that is in it,” all of these are also sold. But in neither case has he sold the bath-house, or the olive press that are in it. Rabbi Eliezer says: One who sold a courtyard has sold only the space of the courtyard.
Mishnah 5ה׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת בֵּית הַבַּד, מָכַר אֶת הַיָּם וְאֶת הַמַּמָּל וְאֶת הַבְּתוּלוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר אֶת הָעֲכִירִין וְאֶת הַגַּלְגַּל וְאֶת הַקּוֹרָה. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמּוֹכֵר בֵּית הַבַּד, מָכַר אֶת הַקּוֹרָה:
One who sold an olive press has sold the vat, the mill, and the posts, but he has not sold the pressing-boards, the wheel, or the beam. In the event that he had said, “It and all that is in it," all these are also sold. Rabbi Eliezer says: One who sold an olive press has sold the beam.
Mishnah 6ו׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַנְּסָרִים וְאֶת הַסַּפְסָלִים וְאֶת הַוִּילָאוֹת. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַמְּגֻרוֹת שֶׁל מַיִם וְלֹא אֶת הָאוֹצָרוֹת שֶׁל עֵצִים:
One who sold a bath house has not sold the planks or the benches or the curtains. But in the event that he said, "It and all that is in it," all these are also sold. In neither case has he sold the water containers or the stores of wood.
Mishnah 7ז׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הָעִיר, מָכַר בָּתִּים, בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין, וּמְעָרוֹת, מֶרְחֲצָאוֹת וְשׁוֹבָכוֹת, בֵּית הַבַּדִּין וּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, אֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ בָהּ בְּהֵמָה וַעֲבָדִים, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הָעִיר, מָכַר אֶת הַסַּנְטֵר:
One who sold a town has sold the houses, cisterns, trenches, caves, bath houses, dovecotes, olive presses, and irrigated fields, but not the movable property. But in the event that he said, “It and all that is in it," even if cattle and slaves were in it, all of these are sold. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: One who sold a town has sold the town watchman.
Mishnah 8ח׳
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, מָכַר אֶת הָאֲבָנִים שֶׁהֵם לְצָרְכָּהּ, וְאֶת הַקָּנִים שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם שֶׁהֵם לְצָרְכּוֹ, וְאֶת הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁהִיא מְחֻבֶּרֶת לַקַּרְקַע, וְאֶת מְחִצַּת הַקָּנִים שֶׁהִיא פְחוּתָה מִבֵּית רֹבַע, וְאֶת הַשּׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֲשׂוּיָה בְטִיט, וְאֶת הֶחָרוּב שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֻרְכָּב, וְאֶת בְּתוּלַת הַשִּׁקְמָה:
One who sold a field has also sold the stones that are being used for its purposes, and the reeds of a vineyard that are being used for its purposes, and its produce that is attached to the ground, and a partition of reed which covers less than a quarter [kav]’s space of ground, and the watchman’s hut if it was not plastered with mortar, and ungrafted carob trees and young sycamores.
Mishnah 9ט׳
אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר לֹא אֶת הָאֲבָנִים שֶׁאֵינָן לְצָרְכָּהּ, וְלֹא אֶת הַקָּנִים שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם שֶׁאֵינָן לְצָרְכּוֹ, וְלֹא אֶת הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁהִיא תְלוּשָׁה מִן הַקַּרְקַע. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא מָכַר לֹא אֶת מְחִצַּת הַקָּנִים שֶׁהִיא בֵית רֹבַע, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁהִיא עֲשׂוּיָה בְטִיט, וְלֹא אֶת הֶחָרוּב הַמֻּרְכָּב, וְלֹא אֶת סַדַּן הַשִּׁקְמָה, וְלֹא אֶת הַבּוֹר, וְלֹא אֶת הַגַּת, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוֹבָךְ, בֵּין חֲרֵבִין בֵּין יְשׁוּבִין. וְצָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. מְכָרָן לְאַחֵר, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוֹכֵר. אֲבָל בְּנוֹתֵן מַתָּנָה, נוֹתֵן אֶת כֻּלָּם. הָאַחִין שֶׁחָלְקוּ, זָכוּ בַשָּׂדֶה, זָכוּ בְכֻלָּם. הַמַּחֲזִיק בְּנִכְסֵי הַגֵּר, הֶחֱזִיק בַּשָּׂדֶה, הֶחֱזִיק בְּכֻלָּם. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, הִקְדִּישׁ אֶת כֻּלָּם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, לֹא הִקְדִּישׁ אֶלָּא אֶת הֶחָרוּב הַמֻּרְכָּב וְאֶת סַדַּן הַשִּׁקְמָה:
But he has not sold the stones that are not being used for its purposes, nor the reeds in a vineyard that are not being used for its purposes, nor the produce that has already been picked from the ground. But if he had said, “It and all that is in it,” all of these are also sold. But either way he has not sold any partition of reeds that covers a quarter-[kav]’s space of ground, or the watchman’s hut if that was plastered with mortar, or grafted carob trees or cropped sycamores, or any cistern or winepress or dovecote, whether they are in ruin or in use. And he must purchase a path - these are the words of Rabbi Akiva. But the sages say: He need not. And Rabbi Akiva agrees that if he had said, “Excepting these”, he need not buy himself path. If he had sold them to another, Rabbi Akiva says: He [that bought them] need not buy himself a path. But the Sages say: He must buy himself a path. To what do these words refer? To a seller. But one who gives it as a gift gives all of it. If brothers divided [an inheritance, the one who] has rights to a field has rights to everything that is in it. One who is laying claim to the property of a convert, [once] he lays claim to the [convert’s] field, he lays claim to everything that is in it. One who dedicated a field [to the Temple] has dedicated everything in it. Rabbi Shimon says: One who dedicated a field [to the Temple] has dedicated only the grafted carob trees and cropped sycamores.
Mishnah, Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain
English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0