The Midrash Rabbah · Vayikra Rabbah
ויקרא רבה ל״אVayikra Rabbah 31
Parashah 31 of 37 in Vayikra Rabbah — 11 sections
Section 1א׳
צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ שֶׁמֶן זַיִת וגו', הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים עא, יט): וְצִדְקָתְךָ אֱלֹהִים עַד מָרוֹם, רַבִּי אָמֵּי שָׁאַל אֶת רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, אָמַר לֵיהּ בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁשָּׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ שֶׁאַתָּה בַּעַל אַגָּדָה מַהוּ וְצִדְקָתְךָ אֱלֹהִים עַד מָרוֹם, אָמַר לוֹ כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים צְרִיכִים צְדָקָה אֵלּוּ מֵאֵלּוּ, כָּךְ הָעֶלְיוֹנִים צְרִיכִין צְדָקָה אֵלּוּ מֵאֵלּוּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל י, ב): וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל הָאִישׁ לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים, וְכֻלָּה פִּתְחָא בְּרֵישׁ פָּרָשַׁת אֱמֹר אֶל הַכֹּהֲנִים. (תהלים עא, יט): אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ גְּדֹלוֹת, אֵלּוּ שְׁנֵי הַמְּאוֹרוֹת הַגְּדוֹלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית א, טז): אֶת שְׁנֵי הַמְאֹרֹת הַגְּדֹלִים, (תהלים עא, יט): אֱלֹהִים מִי כָמוֹךָ, מִי כָמוֹךָ בָּעֶלְיוֹנִים, וּמִי כָמוֹךָ בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים, מִי כָמוֹךָ שֶׁאַתָּה כּוֹבֵשׁ עַל מִדַּת הַדִּין, אַתָּה מֵאִיר לָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְלַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, אַתָּה מֵאִיר לְכָל בָּאֵי עוֹלָם, וְאַתָּה מִתְאַוֶּה לְאוֹרָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.
“Command the children of Israel, and they shall take to you pure virgin olive oil for the lighting, to kindle a lamp continually” (Leviticus 24:2). “Command the children of Israel, and they shall take to you…olive oil…” – that is what is written: “Your righteousness, God, reaches on High” (Psalms 71:19). Rabbi Ami asked Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman; he said to him: ‘Because I heard about you that you are a master of aggada, what is [the meaning of the verse]: “Your righteousness [vetzidkatekha], God, reaches on High”?’ He said to him: ‘Just as the earthly beings need charity [tzedaka] from one another, so the supernal beings need charity from one another.’ That is what is written: “He said to the man clothed in linen” (Ezekiel 10:2) and the entire introduction at the beginning of the portion: “Speak to the priests” (Leviticus 21:1). “For You have performed great deeds” (Psalms 71:19) – these are the two great lights, as it is stated: “The two great lights” (Genesis 1:16). “God, who is comparable to You?” (Psalms 71:19) – who is comparable to You among the supernal beings, who is comparable to You among the earthly beings? Who is comparable to You, in that You subdue the attribute of justice? You illuminate for the supernal and for the earthly. You illuminate for all who enter the world, yet You desire Israel’s light. That is what is written: “Command the children of Israel.”
Section 2ב׳
רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח (תהלים קיט, קמ): צְרוּפָה אִמְרָתְךָ מְאֹד וְעַבְדְּךָ אֲהֵבָהּ, כַּצּוֹרֵף הַזֶּה שֶׁמַּכְנִיס הַזָּהָב לַכּוּר שְׁנַיִם אוֹ שְׁלשָׁה פְּעָמִים עַד שֶׁמְזַקְּקוֹ, כָּךְ פָּרָשָׁה זוֹ נֶאֶמְרָה וְנִשְׁנֵית וְנִשְׁתַּלְשֵׁת, וַהֲרֵי הַדְּבָרִים קַל וָחֹמֶר וּמַה אִם פָּרָשָׁה קְטַנָּה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה נֶאֶמְרָה וְנִשְׁנֵית וְנִשְׁתַּלְשֵׁת, שְׁאָר כָּל פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת שֶׁל תּוֹרָה עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה.
Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “Your saying is exceedingly pure, and Your servant loves it” (Psalms 119:140) – like the goldsmith who inserts the gold into the crucible two or three times until he purifies it, so this portion was stated, repeated, and repeated a third time. The matters can be inferred a fortiori: If this small portion in the Torah is stated, repeated, and repeated a third time, the rest of the portions in the Torah, all the more so.
Section 3ג׳
צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב יד, טו): תִּקְרָא וְאָנֹכִי אֶעֱנֶךָּ, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (ישעיה נח, ט): אָז תִּקְרָא וַה' יַעֲנֶה, לְמַעַן תִּכְסֹף, לְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ תִּתְחַמֵּד נַפְשֶׁךָ, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (בראשית לא, ל): כִּי נִכְסֹף נִכְסַפְתָּה, אָמַר אִיּוֹב לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים בִּרְשׁוּתְךָ וְאֶת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ תִּכְסֹף, אֶלָּא תַּשְׁגִּיחַ בְּמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ, הֱוֵי: צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.
“Command the children of Israel” – that is what is written: “Call and I will answer You” (Job 14:15), just as it says: “Then you will call, and the Lord will answer” (Isaiah 58:9). “So that You will long [tikhsof]” – so that Your soul will long for Your handiwork, just as it says: “Because you longed [nikhsof nikhsafta]” (Genesis 31:30). Job said before the Holy One blessed be He: Master of the universe, the supernal and the earthly are under Your authority, and You long for Your handiwork? Rather, You tend to Your handiwork. That is, “command the children of Israel.”
Vayikra Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria
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