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The Midrash Rabbah · Bereshit Rabbah

בראשית רבה צ״וBereshit Rabbah 96

Parashah 96 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 5 sections

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Section 1א׳

וַיְחִי יַעֲקֹב בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם (בראשית מז, כח), לָמָּה פָּרָשָׁה זוֹ סְתוּמָה מִכָּל הַפָּרָשִׁיּוֹת שֶׁל תּוֹרָה, אֶלָּא כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּפְטַר אָבִינוּ יַעֲקֹב הִתְחִילָה שִׁעְבּוּד מִצְרַיִם עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה הִיא סְתוּמָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ לְגַלּוֹת אֶת הַקֵּץ וְנִסְתַּם מִמֶּנּוּ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה הִיא סְתוּמָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁסָּתַם מִמֶּנּוּ כָּל צָרוֹת שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם.

“Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years; the days of Jacob, the years of his life, were one hundred and forty-seven years” (Genesis 47:28). “Jacob lived in the land of Egypt” – why is this portion more closed than any of the Torah portions? It is because once our patriarch Jacob died, the enslavement in Egypt began. Another matter, why is it closed [setuma]? It is because Jacob our patriarch sought to reveal the End of Days, and it was prevented [nistam] from him. Another matter, why is it closed? Because [God] shielded him from all the troubles of the world.

Section 2ב׳

וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָמוּת (בראשית מז, כט), כְּתִיב (תהלים לט, יג): כִּי גֵּר אָנֹכִי עִמָּךְ תּוֹשָׁב וגו', (דברי הימים א כט, טו): כִּי גֵרִים אֲנַחְנוּ לְפָנֶיךָ וגו' כַּצֵּל יָמֵינוּ עַל הָאָרֶץ וְאֵין מִקְוֶה, וְהַלְוַאי כְּצִלּוֹ שֶׁל כֹּתֶל אוֹ כְּצִלּוֹ שֶׁל אִילָן אֶלָּא כְּצִלּוֹ שֶׁל עוֹף בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא עָף, דִּכְתִיב (תהלים קמד, ד): כְּצֵל עוֹבֵר. וְאֵין מִקְוֶה, וְאֵין מִי שֶׁיְקַוֶּה שֶׁלֹא יָמוּת, הַכֹּל יוֹדְעִים וְאוֹמְרִין בְּפִיהֶם שֶׁהֵן מֵתִים, אַבְרָהָם אָמַר (בראשית טו, ב): וְאָנֹכִי הוֹלֵךְ עֲרִירִי. יִצְחָק אָמַר (בראשית כז, ז): וַאֲבָרֶכְךָ לִפְנֵי ה' לִפְנֵי מוֹתִי. אַף יַעֲקֹב אָמַר (בראשית מז, ל): וְשָׁכַבְתִּי עִם אֲבֹתַי, אֵימָתַי בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנָּטָה לָמוּת.

“The time for Israel to die approached and he called his son, Joseph, and he said to him: Please, if I have found favor in your eyes, please place your hand under my thigh and perform kindness and truth with me; please do not bury me in Egypt” (Genesis 47:29). “The time for Israel to die approached.” It is written: “For I am a stranger with You, a resident, [as were all my fathers]” (Psalms 39:13). “For we are strangers before You…our days on earth are like a shadow, and there is no hope” (I Chronicles 29:15) – if only it would be like the shadow of a wall, or the shadow of a tree, but instead it is like the shadow of a bird when it is flying, as it is written: “Like a passing shadow” (Psalms 144:4). “And there is no hope” – there is no one who can hope not to die. Everyone knows and says with his mouth that he will die. Abraham said: “I am going childless” (Genesis 15:2). Isaac said: “I will bless you before the Lord before my death” (Genesis 27:7). Jacob, too, said: “I will lie with my fathers” (Genesis 47:30). When [did he say this]? When he was about to die.

Section 3ג׳

וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (בראשית מז, כט), כְּתִיב (קהלת ח, ח): אֵין אָדָם שַׁלִּיט בָּרוּחַ לִכְלוֹא אֶת הָרוּחַ וְאֵין שִׁלְטוֹן בְּיוֹם הַמָּוֶת, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי חֲצוֹצְרוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה משֶׁה בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנָּטָה לָמוּת גְּנָזָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁלֹא יְהֵא אַחֵר תּוֹקֵעַ בָּהֶן וְהֵן בָּאִים אֶצְלוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (דברים לא, כח): הַקְהִילוּ אֵלַי אֶת כָּל זִקְנֵי שִׁבְטֵיכֶם, לְקַיֵּם מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֵין שִׁלְטוֹן בְּיוֹם הַמָּוֶת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְאֵין שִׁלְטוֹן בְּיוֹם הַמָּוֶת, כְּשֶׁעָשָׂה זִמְרִי אוֹתוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה מַה כְּתִיב שָׁם (במדבר כה, ח): וַיָּבֹא אַחַר אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל הַקֻּבָּה, וְהֵיכָן הָיָה משֶׁה, וּפִינְחָס מְדַבֵּר לִפְנֵי משֶׁה, אֶלָּא לְקַיֵּם וְאֵין שִׁלְטוֹן בְּיוֹם הַמָּוֶת, וְאֵין מָוֶת אֶלָּא לָשׁוֹן הַשְׁפָּלָה, נִתְּנָה הַיְשׁוּעָה לְפִינְחָס וְהִשְׁפִּיל אֶת משֶׁה. וְאַף דָּוִד כְּתִיב בּוֹ (מלכים א א, א): וְהַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד זָקֵן, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנָּטָה לָמוּת מַה כְּתִיב בּוֹ, וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא (מלכים א ב, א): וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי דָוִד, וְאַף יַעֲקֹב כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּטָה לָמוּת הִתְחִיל מַשְׁפִּיל עַצְמוֹ לִפְנֵי יוֹסֵף וְאָמַר לוֹ (בראשית מז, כט): אִם נָא מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ, אֵימָתַי כְּשֶׁקָּרַב לְמִיתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָמוּת.

“The time for Israel…approached.” It is written: “There is no person who rules the spirit to retain the spirit, and there is no dominion on the day of death” (Ecclesiastes 8:8). Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin in the name of Rabbi Levi: The trumpets that Moses crafted in the wilderness, when he was tending toward death, the Holy One blessed be He sequestered them so that another would not sound it, and they would come to him, as it is written: “Assemble to me all the elders of your tribes” (Deuteronomy 31:28). This was to realize what is written: “There is no dominion on the day of death.” Another matter, “there is no dominion on the day of death” – when Zimri performed that action, what is written there? “He went after the man of Israel into the tent” (Numbers 25:8). Where was Moses? And would Pinḥas speak before Moses? Rather, it is to realize: “There is no dominion on the day of death.” Death is nothing other than an expression of lowering. Salvation was given to Pinḥas, and Moses was lowered. Of David, too, it is written: “King David was old” (I Kings 1:1). When he was about to die, what is written in his regard? “The time for King David [to die] approached” is not written here, but, rather, “the time for David [to die] approached” (I Kings 2:1). Jacob, too, when he was about to die, he began lowering himself before Joseph, and he said to him: “Please, if I have found favor in your eyes.” When? It was when he approached death, as it is stated: “The time for Israel to die approached.”

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