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בראשית רבה ע״וBereshit Rabbah 76
Parashah 76 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 9 sections
Section 1א׳
וַיִּירָא יַעֲקֹב מְאֹד וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ (בראשית לב, ח), רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי רְאוּבֵן, שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם הִבְטִיחָן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְנִתְיָרְאוּ, הַבָּחוּר שֶׁבָּאָבוֹת וְהַבָּחוּר שֶׁבַּנְּבִיאִים, הַבָּחוּר שֶׁבָּאָבוֹת זֶה יַעֲקֹב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קלה, ד): כִּי יַעֲקֹב בָּחַר לוֹ יָהּ, וְאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (בראשית כח, טו): וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִי עִמָּךְ, וּבַסּוֹף נִתְיָרֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּירָא יַעֲקֹב. הַבָּחוּר שֶׁבַּנְבִיאִים זֶה משֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קו, כג): לוּלֵי משֶׁה בְחִירוֹ, וְאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (שמות ג, יב): כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמְּךָ, וּלְבַסּוֹף נִתְיָרֵא (במדבר כא, לד): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל משֶׁה אַל תִּירָא אֹתוֹ, אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר אַל תִּירָא אֹתוֹ, אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁנִּתְיָרֵא. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה וְרַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן מִשֵּׁם רַבִּי נָתָן רְאוּיִים הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּלָיָה בִּימֵי הָמָן, אִלּוּלֵי שֶׁנִּסְמְכָה דַעְתָּן עַל דַּעַת הַזָּקֵן אֲבִיהֶם, אָמְרוּ מָה אָבִינוּ יַעֲקֹב שֶׁהִבְטִיחוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְאָמַר לוֹ: וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִי עִמָּךְ, נִתְיָירֵא, אָנוּ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, הוּא שֶׁהַנָּבִיא מְקַנְתֵּר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאוֹמֵר לָהֶם (ישעיה נא, יג): וַתִּשְׁכַּח ה' עֹשֶׂךָ נוֹטֶה שָׁמַיִם וְיֹסֵד אָרֶץ, אֲמַר לְהוֹן אַנְשִׁיתוּן מָה אָמַר לְכוֹן (ירמיה לא, לו): כֹּה אָמַר ה' אִם יִמַּדּוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם מִלְּמַעְלָה, אִם רְאִיתֶם שָׁמַיִם שֶׁמָּטוּ וְהָאָרֶץ מִתְמוֹטְטָה מִנְטִיַּת שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ לֹא הָיָה לָכֶם לִלְמֹד אֶלָּא (ישעיה נא, יג): וַתְּפַחֵד תָּמִיד כָּל הַיּוֹם.
“Jacob was very frightened and distressed. He divided the people who were with him, and the flocks, and the cattle, and the camels, into two camps” (Genesis 32:8). “Jacob was very frightened and distressed” – Rabbi Pinḥas in the name of Rabbi Reuven: The Holy One blessed be He made a promise to two people, but they were afraid; the chosen of the patriarchs, and the chosen of the prophets. The chosen of the patriarchs – this is Jacob, as it is stated: “For the Lord has chosen Jacob for Himself” (Psalms 135:4). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: “Behold, I am with you” (Genesis 28:15), but ultimately he was afraid, as it is stated: “Jacob was…frightened.” The chosen of the prophets – this is Moses, as it is stated; “Were it not for Moses, His chosen” (Psalms 106:23). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: “For I will be with you” (Exodus 3:12), but ultimately, he was afraid: “The Lord said to Moses: Do not fear him” (Numbers 21:34). He says: ‘Do not fear’ only to one who is afraid. Rabbi Berekhya and Rabbi Ḥelbo in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman in the name of Rabbi Natan: Israel would have been worthy of elimination in the days of Haman, had they not based their mindset on the mindset of their ancestor. They said: ‘If our patriarch Jacob, to whom the Holy One blessed be He promised and said: “Behold, I am with you,” (Genesis 28:15) was afraid, we, all the more so.’ That is what the prophet criticizes Israel: “You forgot the Lord your Maker, who spread the heavens and laid the foundation of the earth” (Isaiah 51:13). He said to them: ‘You have forgotten what He said to you: “So said the Lord: If the heavens above can be measured [and the foundations of the earth below probed, I too will spurn all the descendants of Israel because of everything that they did]” (Jeremiah 31:36) – if you see the heavens fall and the earth collapse. Should you not have learned from the spread of the heavens and the earth? Instead, “you feared continuously all day”’ (Isaiah 51:13).
Section 2ב׳
דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּירָא יַעֲקֹב מְאֹד וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי עִילְאָי לֹא הִיא יִרְאָה לֹא הִיא צָרָה, אֶלָּא וַיִּירָא שֶׁלֹא יַהֲרֹג, וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ שֶׁלֹא יֵהָרֵג, אָמַר אִם הוּא מִתְגַּבֵּר עָלַי, הוֹרְגֵנִי, וְאִם אֲנִי מִתְגַּבֵּר עָלָיו אֲנִי הוֹרְגוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא וַיִּירָא שֶׁלֹא יַהֲרֹג וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ שֶׁלֹא יֵהָרֵג. אָמַר כָּל הַשָּׁנִים הַלָּלוּ יוֹשֵׁב בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, תֹּאמַר שֶׁהוּא בָּא עָלַי מִכֹּחַ יְשִׁיבַת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. כָּל הַשָּׁנִים הַלָּלוּ הוּא יוֹשֵׁב וּמְכַבֵּד אֶת הוֹרָיו, תֹּאמַר שֶׁהוּא בָּא עָלַי מִכֹּחַ כִּבּוּד אָב וָאֵם, שֶׁהֲרֵי כָּךְ אָמַר (בראשית כז, מא): יִקְרְבוּ יְמֵי אֵבֶל אָבִי, תֹּאמַר שֶׁמֵּת אוֹתוֹ זָקֵן וּבָא עָלַי לְהָרְגֵנִי, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן כָּךְ אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (בראשית לא, ג): שׁוּב אֶל אֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתֶיךָ וּלְמוֹלַדְתְּךָ. תֹּאמַר עַד כָּאן הָיוּ הַתְּנָאִים (בראשית כח, כ): וּשְׁמָרַנִי בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה וְלֹא יוֹתֵר, אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן אָמַר לוֹ הַמָּקוֹם (בראשית לא, ג): שׁוּב אֶל אֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתֶיךָ, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן וַיִּירָא יַעֲקֹב מְאֹד, אֶלָּא מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין הַבְטָחָה לַצַּדִּיק בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַחָא אָמַר (בראשית כח, טו): וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִי עִמָּךְ, (בראשית כח, כ): אִם יִהְיֶה אֱלֹהִים עִמָּדִי, אֶלָא מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין הַבְטָחָה לַצַּדִּיק בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַב אַחָא אָמַר (שמות ג, יב): וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ, וְאֵין דָּבָר רָע מַזִּיקָךְ, וּכְתִיב (שמות ד, כד): וַיְהִי בַדֶּרֶךְ בַּמָּלוֹן, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין הַבְטָחָה לַצַּדִּיק בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חָנִין דְּצִיפּוֹרִין אָמַר (מלכים א א, לו): וַיַּעַן בְּנָיָהוּ בֶן יְהוֹיָדָע אֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר אָמֵן כֵּן יֹאמַר, וַהֲלֹא כְבָר נֶאֱמַר (דברי הימים א כב, ט): הִנֵּה בֵן נוֹלָד לָךְ הוּא יִהְיֶה אִישׁ מְנוּחָה, אֶלָּא אָמַר הַרְבֵּה קָטֵיגוֹרִין יַעַמְדוּ מִכָּאן וְעַד גִּיחוֹן.
Another matter, “Jacob was very frightened and distressed” – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Ilai said: The fright and the distress are not the same. Rather, he was frightened lest he kill, and distressed lest he be killed. He said: ‘If he overcomes me, he will kill me, and if I overcome him, I will kill him.’ That is: He was frightened lest he kill, and distressed lest he be killed. He said: ‘All these years, he [Esau] has been residing in the Land of Israel; say that he comes against me by virtue of his residence in the Land of Israel. All these years, he has been residing and honoring his parents; say that he comes against me by virtue of his honoring father and mother, as so he said: “The days of mourning for my father will approach” (Genesis 27:41). Say that this old man died and he will come against me to kill me.’ Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said: This is what the Holy One blessed be He said to him: “Return to the land of your fathers, to the land of your birth” (Genesis 31:3). Say that the stipulations were until here: “And He will protect me on this path” (Genesis 28:20), and not beyond that. Rabbi Yudan said: The Omnipresent said to him: “Return to the land of your fathers,” but nevertheless, “Jacob was very frightened”? Rather, from here [we learn] that there is no promise to the righteous in this world. Rav Huna said in the name of Rabbi Aḥa: “Behold, I am with you” (Genesis 28:15); “if God will be with me”? (Genesis 28:20). Rather, from here [we learn] that there is no promise to the righteous in this world. Rav Huna said in the name of Rabbi Aḥa: “He said: For I will be with you” (Exodus 3:12) and nothing evil will harm you, and it is written: “It was on the way, in the lodging, [the Lord encountered him and sought to kill him]” (Exodus 4:24). Rather, there is no promise to the righteous in this world. Rabbi Pinḥas said in the name of Rabbi Ḥanin of Tzippori: “Benayahu son of Yehoyada answered the king and said: “Amen; and so may the Lord, God of my lord the king, say” (I Kings 1:36). But is it not already stated: “Behold, a son is born to you, he will be a man of rest” (I Chronicles 22:9) – rather, he said: ‘Many adversaries may arise from here to Giḥon.’
Section 3ג׳
וַיַּחַץ אֶת הָעָם (בראשית לב, ח), לִמְדָתְךָ תּוֹרָה דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ שֶׁלֹא יְהֵא אָדָם נוֹתֵן כָּל מָמוֹנוֹ בְּזָוִית אֶחָד, מִמִּי אַתָּה לָמֵד מִיַּעֲקֹב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיַּחַץ אֶת הָעָם וגו', וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (מלכים א יח, ד): וַיַּחְבִּיאֵם חֲמִשִּׁים אִישׁ בַּמְּעָרָה. (בראשית לב, ט): וַיֹּאמֶר אִם יָבוֹא עֵשָׂו אֶל הַמַּחֲנֶה הָאַחַת וְהִכָּהוּ, אֵלּוּ אַחֵינוּ שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם. (בראשית לב, ט): וְהָיָה הַמַּחֲנֶה הַנִּשְׁאָר לִפְלֵטָה, אֵלּוּ אַחֵינוּ שֶׁבַּגָּלוּת, אָמַר רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּ לִפְלֵטָה מִתְעַנִּים הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ בַּשֵּׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי.
“He divided the people” – the Torah taught you proper conduct; that a person should not place all his property in one corner. From whom do you learn this? It is from Jacob, as it is stated: “He divided the people…” Likewise it says: “And hid them, fifty men to a cave” (I Kings 18:4). “He said: If Esau will come upon the one camp, and smite it, the remaining camp will survive” (Genesis 32:9). “He said: If Esau will come upon the one camp, and smite it” – these are our brethren in the south; “the remaining camp will survive” – these are our brethren in the Diaspora. Rabbi Hoshaya said: Even though they survived, they fast on our behalf on Monday and Thursday.
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