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The Midrash Rabbah · Bereshit Rabbah

בראשית רבה ע׳Bereshit Rabbah 70

Parashah 70 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 20 sections

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Section 1א׳

וַיִּדַּר יַעֲקֹב נֶדֶר לֵאמֹר אִם יִהְיֶה אֱלֹהִים עִמָּדִי וגו' וְנָתַן לִי לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל (בראשית כח, כ), כְּתִיב (תהלים סו, יד): אֲשֶׁר פָּצוּ שְׂפָתָי וְדִבֶּר פִּי בַּצַּר לִי, אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק הַבַּבְלִי וְדִבֶּר פִּי בַּצַּר לִי, שֶׁנֶּדֶר מִצְוָה בְּעֵת צָרָתוֹ, מַהוּ לֵאמֹר, לֵאמֹר לַדּוֹרוֹת כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נוֹדְרִים בְּעֵת צָרָתָן. יַעֲקֹב פָּתַח בַּנֶּדֶר תְּחִלָּה לְפִיכָךְ כָּל מִי שֶׁהוּא נוֹדֵר לֹא יִהְיֶה תּוֹלֶה אֶת הַנֶּדֶר אֶלָּא בוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ כְּתִיב (תהלים קלב, ב): אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע לַה' נָדַר לַאֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב, לַאֲבִיר אַבְרָהָם וְלַאֲבִיר יִצְחָק אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא נָדַר לַאֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב, תָּלָה אֶת הַנֶּדֶר בְּמִי שֶׁפָּתַח בּוֹ תְּחִלָּה.

“Jacob took a vow, saying: If God will be with me, and He will keep me on this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and a garment to wear” (Genesis 28:20). “Jacob took a vow, saying: If God will be with me…and will give me bread to eat.” It is written: “Those uttered by my lips and spoken by my mouth when I was in distress” (Psalms 66:14) – Rabbi Yitzḥak HaBavli said: “And spoken by my mouth when I was in distress” – as he vowed to perform a mitzva in his time of distress. What is “saying”? It is: Saying to the generations, so they would take vows in their time of distress. Jacob began with a vow first; therefore, anyone who takes a vow will ascribe the vow only to him. Rabbi Abbahu said: It is written: “Who took an oath to the Lord and took a vow to the Champion of Jacob” (Psalms 132:2) – to the Champion of Abraham or to the Champion of Isaac is not written here, but rather, “took a vow to the Champion of Jacob” – he ascribed the vow to the one who began with it first.

Section 2ב׳

רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַב אִידִי אָמַר כְּתִיב (דברי הימים א כט, ט): וַיִּשְׂמְחוּ הָעָם עַל הִתְנַדְּבָם כִּי בְּלֵב שָׁלֵם הִתְנַדְּבוּ לַה' וְגַם דָּוִיד הַמֶּלֶךְ שָׂמַח שִׂמְחָה גְדוֹלָה, וּלְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ עֲסוּקִים בְּמִצְוַת נְדָבָה וְעָלָה בְּיָדָן לְפִיכָךְ שָׂמְחוּ, לְפִיכָךְ מַהוּ אוֹמֵר (דברי הימים א כט, י): וַיְבָרֶךְ דָוִיד אֶת ה' לְעֵינֵי כָּל הַקָּהָל וגו', אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר כָּאן, אֶלָּא (דברי הימים א כט, י): אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָבִינוּ, תָּלָה אֶת הַנֶּדֶר בְּמִי שֶׁפָּתַח בּוֹ תְּחִלָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה עוֹד מִן אַתְרָא לֵית הִיא חֲסֵרָה, וַיִּדְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא (במדבר כא, ב): וַיִּדַּר יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְׂרָאֵל סָבָא.

Rav Huna said in the name of Rav Idi: It is written: “The people rejoiced in their donation, because they donated to the Lord wholeheartedly, and King David too rejoiced with great joy” (I Chronicles 29:9) – because they were engaged in the mitzva of donation and they were successful, that is why they rejoiced. Therefore, what does it say? “David blessed the Lord before the eyes of the entire congregation [and David said: Blessed is the Lord, God of Israel our father]…” (I Chronicles 29:10). It does not say here: “God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel,” but rather, “God of Israel our father” – he ascribed the vow to the one who began with it first. Rabbi Yehuda said: This place is also not lacking. “Israel took a vow [vayidru] ” is not written here, but rather, “Israel took a vow [vayidar] ” (Numbers 21:2) – Israel the elder.

Section 3ג׳

אַרְבָּעָה הֵן שֶׁנָּדְרוּ, שְׁנַיִם נָדְרוּ וְהִפְסִידוּ, שְׁנַיִם נָדְרוּ וְנִשְׂתַּכָּרוּ. יַעֲקֹב, נָדַר וְהִפְסִיד. יִפְתָּח, נָדַר וְהִפְסִיד. חַנָּה, נָדְרָה וְנִשְׂתַּכָּרָה. יִשְׂרָאֵל, נָדְרוּ וְנִשְׂתַּכָּרוּ. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כא, ב): וַיִּדַּר יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶדֶר וגו'.

There are four who took vows; two took vows and lost, and two took vows and profited. Jacob took a vow and lost. Yiftaḥ took a vow and lost. Hannah took a vow and profited. Israel took a vow and profited, as it is stated: “Israel took a vow…” (Numbers 21:2).

…and 15 more sections in this chapter.

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Bereshit Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

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