בראשית רבה מ״הBereshit Rabbah 45

Parashah 45 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 10 sections

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Section 1א׳

וְשָׂרַי אֵשֶׁת אַבְרָם לֹא יָלְדָה לוֹ וגו' (בראשית טז, א), (משלי לא, י): אֵשֶׁת חַיִל מִי יִמְצָא וגו' וְרָחֹק מִפְּנִינִים מִכְרָהּ, מַהוּ מִכְרָהּ, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר עִבּוּרָהּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל טז, ג): מְכֹרֹתַיִךְ וּמֹלְדֹתַיִךְ, אַבְרָם הָיָה גָּדוֹל מִנָּחוֹר שָׁנָה, וְנָחוֹר הָיָה גָּדוֹל מֵהָרָן שָׁנָה, נִמְצָא אַבְרָם גָּדוֹל מֵהָרָן שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, שָׁנָה לְעִבּוּרָהּ שֶׁל מִלְכָּה וְשָׁנָה לְעִבּוּרָהּ שֶׁל יִסְכָּה, וְהָרָן מוֹלִיד לְשֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים וְאַבְרָם אֵינוֹ מוֹלִיד, וְשָׂרַי אֵשֶׁת אַבְרָם לֹא יָלְדָה לוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר לוֹ לְאַבְרָהָם לֹא יָלְדָה, אֲבָל אִלּוּ נִשַּׂאת לְאַחֵר יָלָדָה. וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר לֹא לוֹ וְלֹא לְאַחֵר, וּמַה דִּכְתִיב: לֹא יָלְדָה לוֹ, לוֹ וְלָהּ. (בראשית טז, א): וְלָהּ שִׁפְחָה מִצְרִית וּשְׁמָהּ הָגָר, שִׁפְחַת מְלוֹג הָיְתָה וְהָיָה חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ וְלֹא הָיָה רַשַּׁאי לְמָכְרָהּ. בְּעוֹן קוֹמֵי רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ מַהוּ דְּתָנָא עַבְדֵי מְלוֹג, אֲמַר לְהוֹן כְּמָה דְתֵימָא מְלוֹג מְלוֹג. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי הָגָר בִּתּוֹ שֶׁל פַּרְעֹה הָיְתָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה פַּרְעֹה מַעֲשִׂים שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְשָׂרָה בְּבֵיתוֹ, נָטַל בִּתּוֹ וּנְתָנָהּ לוֹ, אָמַר מוּטָב שֶׁתְּהֵא בִּתִּי שִׁפְחָה בְּבַיִת זֶה וְלֹא גְבִירָה בְּבַיִת אַחֵר, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וְלָהּ שִׁפְחָה מִצְרִית וּשְׁמָהּ הָגָר, הָא אַגְרִיךְ. אַף אֲבִימֶלֶךְ כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה נִסִּים שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְשָׂרָה בְּבֵיתוֹ נָטַל בִּתּוֹ וּנְתָנָהּ לוֹ, אָמַר מוּטָב שֶׁתְּהֵא בִּתִּי שִׁפְחָה בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה וְלֹא גְבִירָה בְּבַיִת אַחֶרֶת, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים מה, י): בְּנוֹת מְלָכִים בִּיקְרוֹתֶיךָ נִצְּבָה שֵׁגָל לִימִינְךָ בְּכֶתֶם אוֹפִיר.

“Sarai, Abram’s wife, had not borne children to him, and she had an Egyptian maidservant, and her name was Hagar” (Genesis 16:1). “Sarai, Abram’s wife, had not borne children to him…” “A woman of valor who can find? Far beyond pearls is her value [mikhra]” (Proverbs 31:10) – what is her “mikhra”? Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Her pregnancy. That is what is written: “Your origins [mekhorotayikh] and your birth” (Ezekiel 16:3). Abram was one year older than Naḥor and Naḥor was one year older than Haran. Consequently, Abram was two years older than Haran. Allowing one year for the pregnancy of Milka and one year for the pregnancy of Yiska, Haran begot children at the age of six years and Abraham did not beget children. “Sarai, Abram’s wife, had not borne children to him [lo] [and she had [vela] an Egyptian maidservant]” – Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Neḥemya, Rabbi Yehuda said: To Abraham she did not bear children, but had she married someone else, she would have borne children. Rabbi Neḥemya said: Neither to him, nor to another. What then, is that which is written: “Had not borne children to him”? It means to him and to her [lo vela]. “And she had an Egyptian maidservant, and her name was Hagar” – she was a maidservant of usufruct [melog] property. He was obligated to pay for her sustenance but was not permitted to sell her. They asked before Reish Lakish: What is the meaning of that which is stated in the Mishna: Usufruct [melog] slaves? He said to them: As one might say: ‘Pluck, pluck [melog melog].’ Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai said: Hagar was Pharaoh’s daughter. When Pharaoh saw the [miraculous] acts that were done on Sarah’s behalf in his palace, he took his daughter and gave her to him [Abraham]. He said: ‘It is preferable that my daughter be a maidservant in that household than be the mistress in another household.’ That is what is written: “And she had an Egyptian maidservant, and her name was Hagar” – here is your reward [ha agrikh]. Avimelekh, too, when he saw the miracles that were performed on Sarah’s behalf in his palace, he took his daughter and gave her to him. He said: ‘It is preferable that my daughter be a maidservant in that household than be the mistress in another household.’ That is what is written: “The daughters of kings are among those who honor you; at your right hand stands the consort, attired in gold from Ofir” (Psalms 45:10).

Section 2ב׳

וַתֹּאמֶר שָׂרַי אֶל אַבְרָם הִנֵּה נָא עֲצָרַנִי ה' מִלֶּדֶת (בראשית טז, ב), אָמְרָה יָדְעַת אֲנָא מֵהֵיכָן הִיא סִבָּתִי, לֹא כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים לִי קָמֵיעַ הִיא צְרִיכָה, הִימוּס הִיא צְרִיכָה, אֶלָּא הִנֵּה נָא עֲצָרַנִי ה' מִלֶּדֶת. תָּנֵי, כָּל מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בֵּן כְּאִלּוּ הוּא מֵת, כְּאִלּוּ הוּא הָרוּס. כְּאִלּוּ מֵת, (בראשית ל, א): וַתֹּאמֶר רָחֵל אֶל יַעֲקֹב הָבָה לִי בָנִים וגו', כְּאִלּוּ הוּא הָרוּס, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית טז, ב): אוּלַי אִבָּנֶה מִמֶּנָּה, וְאֵין בּוֹנִין אֶלָּא אֶת הֶהָרוּס. (בראשית טז, ב): וַיִּשְׁמַע אַבְרָם לְקוֹל שָׂרָי, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר לְקוֹל רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שמואל א טו, א): וְעַתָּה שְׁמַע לְקוֹל דִּבְרֵי ה'.

“Sarai said to Abram: Behold now, the Lord has prevented me from bearing children; please, consort with my maidservant; perhaps I will be built up through her. Abram heeded the voice of Sarai” (Genesis 16:2). “Sarai said to Abram: Behold now, the Lord has prevented me from bearing children” – she said: ‘I know what my condition comes from. It is not as they say about me: She requires an amulet, she requires a cure. It is, rather, “the Lord has prevented me from bearing children.”’ It is taught: Anyone who does not have a child, it is as though he were dead, as though he were demolished. As though he were dead – as it is stated: “Rachel…said to Jacob: Give me children, [and if not, I am dead]” (Genesis 30:1). As though he were demolished, as it is stated: “Perhaps I will be built up from her” – one builds up only what is demolished. “Abram heeded the voice of Sarai” – Rabbi Yosei said: The voice of the divine spirit, just as it says: “Now, heed the voice of the words of the Lord” (I Samuel 15:1).

Section 3ג׳

וַתִּקַּח שָׂרַי אֵשֶׁת אַבְרָם אֶת הָגָר הַמִּצְרִית שִׁפְחָתָהּ (בראשית טז, ג), לְקָחַתָּהּ בִּדְבָרִים, אָמְרָה לָהּ אַשְׁרַיִךְ שֶׁאַתְּ מִדַּבֶּקֶת לַגּוּף הַקָּדוֹשׁ הַזֶּה. (בראשית טז, ג): מִקֵּץ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים לְשֶׁבֶת אַבְרָם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן, רַבִּי אַמֵּי בְּשֵׁם רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ מִנַּיִן תְּנֵינַן נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה וְשָׁהָה עִמָּהּ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וְלֹא יָלְדָה אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לִבָּטֵל מִפְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה אֶלָּא יוֹצִיא וְיִשָּׂא אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, מֵהָכָא מִקֵּץ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים לְשֶׁבֶת אַבְרָם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן, הֲדָא אַמְרָת אֵין יְשִׁיבַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ עוֹלָה מִן הַמִּנְיָן. (בראשית טז, ג): וַתִּתֵּן אֹתָהּ לְאַבְרָם אִישָׁהּ וְלֹא לְאַחֵר לְאִשָּׁה, וְלֹא לְפִילֶגֶשׁ.

“Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant, at the conclusion of ten years of Abram’s residence in the land of Canaan, and she gave her to Abram her husband as a wife” (Genesis 16:3). “Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant” – she took her with words [of persuasion]. She said to her: ‘How fortunate you are, that you are going to cleave to this sacred body.’ “At the conclusion of ten years of Abram’s residence in the land of Canaan” – Rabbi Ami in the name of Reish Lakish: From where is it derived what we learned in a Mishna: If one married a woman and remained with her ten years but she did not bear any children, he is not permitted to refrain from procreation, but rather, he should divorce her and marry another woman? It is from here: “At the conclusion of ten years of Abram’s residence in the land of Canaan.” This teaches us that residence outside of the Land is not included in the tally. “And she gave her to Abram her husband” – [“to Abram”] and not to another; “as a wife” – and not as a concubine.

Section 4ד׳

וַיָּבֹא אֶל הָגָר וַתַּהַר (בראשית טז, ד), רַבִּי לֵוִי בַּר חַיָּתָא אָמַר מִבִּיאָה רִאשׁוֹנָה נִתְעַבְּרָה, אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר לְעוֹלָם אֵין הָאִשָּׁה מִתְעַבֶּרֶת מִבִּיאָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, וְהָכְתִיב (בראשית יט, לו): וַתַּהֲרֶיןָ שְׁתֵּי בְנוֹת לוֹט מֵאֲבִיהֶן, אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא שָׁלְטוּ בְּעַצְמָן וְהוֹצִיאוּ עֶרְוָתָן וְנִתְעַבְּרוּ כְּמִבִּיאָה שְׁנִיָּה. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן פָּזִי הַקּוֹצִין הַלָּלוּ אֵינָן לֹא מִתְנַכְּשִׁין וְלֹא נִזְרָעִים, מֵאֵילֵיהֶן הֵן יוֹצְאִים וּמִתַּמְּרִים וְעוֹלִים. הַחִטִּים הַלָּלוּ כַּמָּה צַעַר וְכַמָּה יְגִיעַ עַד שֶׁלֹא יַעֲלוּ. וְלָמָּה נִתְעַקְּרוּ הָאִמָּהוֹת, רַבִּי לֵוִי מִשֵּׁם רַבִּי שִׁילָא דִּכְפַר תְּמַרְתָּא וְרַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִתְאַוֶּה לִתְפִלָּתָן וּמִתְאַוֶּה לְשִׂיחָתָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ב, יד): יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע, יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי, לָמָּה עִקַּרְתִּי אֶתְכֶם, בִּשְׁבִיל (שיר השירים ב, יד): הַרְאִינִי אֶת מַרְאַיִךְ הַשְׁמִיעִנִי אֶת קוֹלֵךְ. רַבִּי עֲזַרְיָה מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בַּר פַּפָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מִתְרַפְּקוֹת עַל בַּעֲלֵיהֶן בְּנוֹיָן. רַבִּי הוּנָא מִשֵּׁם רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ רֹב הַשָּׁנִים בְּלֹא שִׁעְבּוּד. רַבִּי הוּנָא וְרַבִּי אָבוּן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּהָנוּ בַּעֲלֵיהֶן מֵהֶן, שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה מְקַבֶּלֶת עֻבָּרִין הִיא מִתְכַּעֶרֶת וּמִתְעַזֶּבֶת, שֶׁכָּל תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה שֶׁלֹא יָלְדָה שָׂרָה הָיְתָה כְּכַלָּה בְּתוֹךְ חֻפָּתָהּ, וְהָיוּ מַטְרוֹנִיּוֹת בָּאוֹת לִשְׁאֹל בִּשְׁלוֹמָהּ שֶׁל שָׂרָה וְהָיְתָה שָׂרָה אוֹמֶרֶת לָהֶם צְאוּ וְשַׁאֲלוּ בִּשְׁלוֹמָהּ שֶׁל עֲלוּבָה, וְהָיְתָה הָגָר אוֹמֶרֶת לָהֶם שָׂרַי גְבִרְתִּי אֵין סִתְרָהּ כְּגִלּוּיָהּ, נִרְאֵית צַדֶּקֶת וְאֵינָהּ צַדֶּקֶת, אִלּוּ הָיְתָה צַדֶּקֶת רְאוּ כַּמָּה שָׁנִים שֶׁלֹא נִתְעַבְּרָה וַאֲנִי בְּלַיְלָה אֶחָד נִתְעַבַּרְתִּי, וְהָיְתָה אוֹמֶרֶת עִם דָּא אֲנָא מִסַּב וּמִתַּן, הַלְוַאי מִסַּב וּמִתַּן עִם מָרָהּ.

“He consorted with Hagar, and she conceived; she saw that she conceived, and her mistress was diminished in her eyes” (Genesis 16:4). “He consorted with Hagar, and she conceived” – Rabbi Levi bar Ḥayata said: She conceived from the initial act of intercourse. Rabbi Elazar said: A woman never conceives from her initial act of intercourse. But is it not written: “Lot’s two daughters conceived from their father”? (Genesis 19:36). Rabbi Tanḥuma said: They manipulated themselves, broke their hymens, and conceived as though it were from a second act of intercourse. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Pazi said: Thornbushes are neither weeded nor sown, yet they emerge on their own, grow tall, and rise up; as for wheat, [however,] how much travail and how much toil [must one undertake] until they grow. Why were the matriarchs barren? Rabbi Sheila of Kefar Temarta and Rabbi Ḥelbo in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: It is because the Holy One blessed be He desires their prayers and desires their supplications, as it is stated: “My dove, in the clefts of the rock” (Song of Songs 2:14). “My dove, in the clefts” – why did I render you barren? It is for this reason: “Show me your countenance, let me hear your voice” (Song of Songs 2:14). Rabbi Azarya in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan bar Pappa: It was so that they would become beloved to their husbands in their beauty. Rabbi Huna in name of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: So that most of the years would pass without enslavement. Rabbi Huna and Rabbi Avun said in the name of Rabbi Meir: It was so that their husbands could enjoy them, for whenever a woman carries a fetus, she becomes unsightly and neglected. All ninety years that Sarah did not bear children, she was as [beautiful as] a bride under her wedding canopy. Noblewomen would come and inquire after Sarah’s wellbeing, and Sarah would say: ‘Go and inquire after the wellbeing of that meek woman’ [Hagar]. Hagar would say to them: ‘My mistress Sarah, her inner reality is not like her outward impression. She gives the impression of being a righteous woman, but she is not a righteous woman. Were she a righteous woman, look at how many years that she did not conceive, whereas I conceived in one night.’ Sarah would then say: ‘Should I have a discussion with this woman? Better that I should have a discussion with her master.’

Section 5ה׳

וַתֹּאמֶר שָׂרַי אֶל אַבְרָם חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ (בראשית טז, ה), רַבִּי יוּדָן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן חוֹמְסֵנִי אַתָּה בִּדְבָרִים, לָמָּה, שֶׁאַתָּה שׁוֹמֵעַ בִּקְלוֹנִי וְשׁוֹתֵק. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר בָּעֵי דִינִי גַבָּךְ. מָשָׁל לִשְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם חֲבוּשִׁים בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִים, נִמְצָא הַמֶּלֶךְ עוֹבֵר, אֲמַר לֵיהּ חַד, תְּבַע דִּיקָיוֹן דִּידִי, אֲמַר אַפְקוּהוּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ חַבְרֵיהּ יִבְעֵי דִינִי גַּבָּךְ, אִלּוּ אֲמַרְתְּ תָּבוֹעַ דִּיקָיוֹן דִּידָן, כְּמָה דְּאַפְקָךְ כֵּן אַפְקַנִי, וְכַדּוּ דַאֲמַרְתְּ תְּבַע דִּיקָיוֹן דִּידִי, לָךְ אַפֵּיק לִי לָא אַפֵּיק. כָּךְ אִלּוּ אֲמַרְתְּ וְאָנוּ הוֹלְכִים עֲרִירִים, כְּמָה דִּיהַב לָךְ כֵּן יְהַב לִי, וְכַדּוּ דַּאֲמַרְתְּ (בראשית טו, ב): אָנֹכִי הוֹלֵךְ עֲרִירִי, לָךְ יָהֵיב וְלִי לָא יָהֵיב. מָשָׁל לִשְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁהָלְכוּ לִלְווֹת זֶרַע מִן הַמֶּלֶךְ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ תַּשְׁאֵל לִי זֶרַע, אֲמַר וְיַהֲבוּן לֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ חַבְרֵיהּ יִבָּעֵי דִינִי גַּבָּךְ, אִלּוּ אֲמַרְתְּ תַּשְׁאֵל לָנוּ זֶרַע, כְּמָה דְּיָהֵיב לָךְ כֵּן הֲוָה יָהֵיב לִי, הָכָא נָמֵי אִלּוּ אֲמַרְתְּ הֵן לָנוּ לֹא נָתַתָּ זֶרַע, כְּמָה דְּיָהֵיב לָךְ הֲוָה יָהֵיב לִי, וְכַדּוּ דַּאֲמַרְתְּ (בראשית טו, ג): הֵן לִי לֹא נָתַתָּ זֶרַע, לָךְ יָהֵיב לִי לָא יָהֵיב. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אָבוּן אָמַר חִמְּסָה בְּפָנָיו. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת נֶאֶמְרוּ בְּנָשִׁים, גַּרְגְּרָנִיּוֹת, צַיְּתָנִיּוֹת, עַצְלָנִיּוֹת, קַנְאָנִיּוֹת. גַּרְגְּרָנִיּוֹת, מֵחַוָּה (בראשית ג, ו): וַתִּקַּח מִפִּרְיוֹ וַתֹּאכַל. צַיְּתָנִיּוֹת (בראשית יח, י): וְשָׂרָה שֹׁמַעַת. עַצְלָנִיּוֹת (בראשית יח, ו): מַהֲרִי שְׁלשׁ סְאִים קֶמַח סֹלֶת. קַנְאָנִיּוֹת, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית ל, א): וַתְּקַנֵּא רָחֵל בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר אַף אִסְטְטָנִיּוֹת וְדַבְּרָנִיּוֹת. אִסְטְטָנִיּוֹת וַתֹּאמֶר שָׂרַי אֶל אַבְרָם חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ. וְדַבְּרָנִיּוֹת (במדבר יב, א): וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמשֶׁה. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר אַף גַּנָּבִיּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לא, יט): וַתִּגְנֹב רָחֵל אֶת הַתְּרָפִים. יוֹצְאָנִיּוֹת (בראשית לד, א): וַתֵּצֵא דִינָה. רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה וְרַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חִיָּא, כָּל מִי שֶׁהִרְתִּיק אַחַר מִדַּת הַדִּין לֹא יָצָא שָׁפוּי מִתַּחַת יָדֶיהָ, רְאוּיָה הָיְתָה שָׂרָה לְהַגִּיעַ לְשָׁנָיו שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם, וְעַל יְדֵי שֶׁאָמְרָה (בראשית טז, ה): יִשְׁפֹּט ה' בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶיךָ, נִמְנְעוּ מֵחַיֶּיהָ שְׁלשִׁים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁנָה. כְּתִיב (בראשית טז, ד): וַיָּבֹא אֶל הָגָר וַתַּהַר, וּמַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (בראשית טז, יא): הִנָּךְ הָרָה וְיֹלַדְתְּ בֵּן, אֶלָּא מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהִכְנִיסָה בָּהּ שָׂרָה עַיִן רָעָה וְהִפִּילָה עֻבָּרָהּ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ, וּבְנֵךְ כְּתִיב. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אִלּוּ אֱלִישָׁע הַנָּבִיא אָמַר כֵּן בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ דַּיִּי, אֶלָּא שֶׁזָּכְתָה לְדַבֵּר עִמָּהּ הַמַּלְאָךְ.

“Sarai said to Abram: The injustice done to me is on you. I gave my maidservant into your bosom and she saw that she conceived and I was diminished in her eyes; May the Lord judge between me and you” (Genesis 16:5). “Sarai said to Abram: The injustice done to me [ḥamasi] is on you” – Rabbi Yudan in the name of Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon: You are committing an injustice of words against me, as you hear my humiliation and remain silent. Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Kahana: [Sarah said:] ‘I have a grievance against you.’ This is analogous to two men incarcerated in prison. Once it happened that the king passed by. One of them said to him: ‘Take up my cause for the wrong done to me.’ He said [to the jailers]: ‘Free him.’ His counterpart said to him: ‘I have a grievance against you. Had you said: Take up our cause for the wrong done to us, just as he freed you, he would have freed me. Now that you said: Take up my cause for the wrong done to me, he freed you and did not free me.’ So, too, [Sarah said:] ‘Had you said: “We go childless,” just as He granted you [a child], so would He have granted me. But now that you have said: “I go childless” (Genesis 15:2), He granted you [a child], but did not grant me.’ This is analogous to two people who went to borrow seeds from the king. One of them said to him: ‘Lend me seeds.’ He gave the order and they gave it to him. His counterpart said: ‘I have a grievance against you. Had you said: Lend us seeds, just as he gave you, so he would have given me.’ Here, too, [Sarah said: ‘Had you said: “Behold, you have not given us descendants,” just as He granted you [a child], so would He have granted me. Now that you said: “Behold, you have not given me descendants” (Genesis 15:3), He granted you, but did not grant me.’ Rabbi Neḥemya said in the name of Rabbi Avun: She scratched [ḥimesa] him in the face. The Rabbis said: Four traits are mentioned regarding women: Gluttons, eavesdroppers, lazy people, and jealous people. Gluttons, from Eve – “she took of its fruit and ate” (Genesis 3:6). Eavesdroppers – “Sarah heard” (Genesis 18:10). Lazy – “quickly bring three seah of high quality flour” (Genesis 18:6). Jealous, as it is written: “Rachel was jealous of her sister” (Genesis 30:1). Rabbi Yehuda bar Neḥemya said: Sensitive and chatty, as well. Sensitive – “Sarai said to Abram: The injustice done to me is on you.” Talkative – “Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses” (Numbers 12:1). Rabbi Levi said: Thieves, as well, as it is stated: “Rachel stole the household idols” (Genesis 31:19). Roamers – “Dina went out [to see the girls of the land]” (Genesis 34:1). Rabbi Tanḥuma said in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya the Great and Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya: Anyone who assiduously pursues the attribute of justice will not emerge intact from its effects. Sarah was worthy of reaching Abraham’s years, but because she said: “May the Lord judge between me and you” (Genesis 16:5), thirty-eight years were deducted from her life. It is written: “He consorted with Hagar, and she conceived.” Why, then, does the verse [later] state [to Hagar]: “Behold, you will conceive and bear a son”? (Genesis 16:11). The explanation is that it teaches that Sarah directed an evil eye against her and caused her to miscarry her fetus. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: “Between me and you [uveinekh] – uvinkha is written. Rabbi Ḥanina said: Had Elisha the prophet said this [to Hagar] through the Divine Spirit, it would have been sufficient. But she was privileged to have an angel speak with her.

…and 5 more sections in this chapter.

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Bereshit Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY