The Midrash Rabbah · Bamidbar Rabbah
במדבר רבה י״בBamidbar Rabbah 12
Parashah 12 of 23 in Bamidbar Rabbah — 21 sections
Section 1א׳
וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת משֶׁה וגו' (במדבר ז, א), הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב (תהלים פה, ט): אֶשְׁמְעָה מַה יְּדַבֵּר הָאֵל ה' כִּי יְדַבֵּר שָׁלוֹם אֶל עַמּוֹ וְאֶל חֲסִידָיו וְאַל יָשׁוּבוּ לְכִסְלָה, אַתּ מוֹצֵא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעָשׂוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹתוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה, וְכָעַס עֲלֵיהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, ט): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל משֶׁה רָאִיתִי אֶת הָעָם הַזֶּה וגו' (דברים ט, יד): הֶרֶף מִמֶּנִּי וגו', מִיָּד עָמַד משֶׁה וּבִקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים מִלְּפָנָיו שֶׁיִּתְרַצֶּה לָהֶם, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, יא): וַיְחַל משֶׁה וגו', וְנִתְרַצָּה לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, יד): וַיִּנָּחֶם ה' עַל הָרָעָה וגו'. אַף עַל פִּי כֵן הָיָה בְּלִבּוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, לד): וּבְיוֹם פָּקְדִי וּפָקַדְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם חַטָּאתָם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה הַמִּשְׁכָּן אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן הָלַךְ משֶׁה וְהִרְכִּין אָזְנוֹ בַּמִּשְׁכָּן, אָמַר משֶׁה תֹּאמַר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּלִבּוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אֶשְׁמְעָה מַה יְּדַבֵּר הָאֵל ה', מַהוּ הָאֵל ה', אָמַר משֶׁה שֶׁעַד עַכְשָׁו הוּא עוֹמֵד בְּכַעֲסוֹ כְּנֶגְדָם וְהוּא בְּקשִׁי עִמָּהֶם. וְאֵין הָאֵל אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן חוֹזֶק, כְּמָה דְתֵימָא (יחזקאל יז, יג): וְאֶת אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ לָקָח. אוֹ הוּא מִתְרַצֶּה לָהֶם וְהוּא נוֹהֵג בְּמִדַּת רַחֲמִים עִמָּהֶם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: ה', אֵין ה' אֶלָּא מִדַּת רַחֲמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לד, ו): ה' ה' אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן. מִיָּד פִּיְסוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁאֵין בְּלִבּוֹ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּלוּם, כְּמָה דִּכְתִיב (שמות לד, ו): וַיַּעֲבֹר ה' עַל פָּנָיו, שֶׁהֶעֱבִיר זַעֲמוֹ מֵהֶם וְעָבַר עַל פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם. אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן לָמָּה כְּתִיב שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים ה' ה', אֶלָּא שֶׁפִּיְסוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְאָמַר לוֹ לְמשֶׁה מַה לְּשֶׁעָבַר הָיִיתִי נוֹהֵג עִמָּהֶם בְּמִדַּת רַחֲמִים עַד שֶׁלֹא עָשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ הַמַּעֲשֶׂה כָּךְ עַכְשָׁו בְּמִדַּת רַחֲמִים אֶנְהֹג עִמָּהֶם. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה שָׁמַע משֶׁה קוֹל נָאֶה וְקוֹל מְשֻׁבָּח, לְשֶׁעָבַר הָיָה משֶׁה עוֹמֵד וְהָיָה הַדִּבּוּר בָּא לְתוֹךְ אָזְנוֹ כְּמִין סִילוֹן, וְלֹא הָיָה אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל שׁוֹמֵעַ, אֲבָל כְּשֶׁהָיוּ פָּנָיו מַאְדִּימוֹת הָיוּ יוֹדְעִים שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר בָּא אֶצְלוֹ, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה הַמִּשְׁכָּן שָׁמַע קוֹל נָאֶה. מַה שָּׁמֵעַ: כִּי יְדַבֵּר שָׁלוֹם אֶל עַמּוֹ וְאֶל חֲסִידָיו. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה הַכֹּהֵן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה, לְשֶׁעָבַר הָיְתָה אֵיבָה בֵּינִי לְבֵין בָּנַי, שִׂנְאָה בֵּינִי וּבֵין בָּנַי, תַּחֲרוּת בֵּינִי וּבֵין בָּנַי, אֲבָל עַכְשָׁו שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה הַמִּשְׁכָּן אַהֲבָה בֵּינִי וּבֵין בָּנַי, שָׁלוֹם בֵּינִי וּבֵין בָּנַי, הֱוֵי: כִּי יְדַבֵּר שָׁלוֹם אֶל עַמּוֹ, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, עַל שֶׁעָשׂוּ הַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְאֶל חֲסִידָיו, זֶה שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ (דברים לג, ח): וּלְלֵוִי אָמַר תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ חֲסִידֶךָ וגו'. וּמִנַּיִן אַתָּה אוֹמֵר שֶׁבַּמִּשְׁכָּן הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁכֵּן כְּתִיב אַחֲרָיו (תהלים פה, י): אַךְ קָרוֹב לִירֵאָיו יִשְׁעוֹ לִשְׁכֹּן כָּבוֹד בְּאַרְצֵנוּ. אֵימָתַי הָיָה שָׁלוֹם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בִּזְּמַן שֶׁשָּׁכַן כְּבוֹד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בַּמִּשְׁכָּן, כְּמָה דְתֵימָא (שמות מ, לד): וּכְבוֹד ה' מָלֵא אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ מַה לִּי לְלַמֵּד דָּבָר זֶה מִסֵּפֶר תִּלִּים, דְּבַר תּוֹרָה הוּא, אֲפִלּוּ בִּמְקוֹמָהּ אֵינָהּ חֲסֵרָה כְּלוּם, רְאֵה מַה כְּתִיב (במדבר ו, כו): וְיָשֵׂם לְךָ שָׁלוֹם, אֵימָתַי: בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת משֶׁה.
“It was on the day that Moses concluded erecting the Tabernacle, he anointed it and sanctified it and all its vessels, and the altar and all its vessels; he anointed them and sanctified them” (Numbers 7:1). “It was on the day that Moses concluded…” – that is what is written: “I will hear what the Almighty Lord has to say, for He will speak peace to His people and to His pious ones; let them not return to folly” (Psalms 85:9). You find that when Israel performed that act , and the Holy One blessed be He grew angry at them, as it is stated: “The Lord said to Moses: I have seen this people…” (Exodus 32:9), "Leave me [and I will destroy them…]" (Deuteronomy 9:14). Immediately, Moses stood and asked for mercy from before Him so that He would reconcile with them, just as it is stated: “Moses implored…” (Exodus 32:11). The Holy One blessed be He reconciled with them, as it is stated: “The Lord reconsidered the evil…” (Exodus 32:14). Nevertheless, umbrage remained in His heart in their regard, as it is stated: “On the day of My reckoning, I will reckon their sin upon them” (Exodus 32:34). When the Tabernacle was crafted, Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said: Moses went and bent his ear in the Tabernacle. He said: Do you say that umbrage remains in the heart of the Holy One blessed be He in Israel’s regard? That is what is written: “I will hear what the Almighty Lord has to say” (Psalms 85:9). What is “the Almighty [ha’el] Lord? Moses said: Until now has He remained in His anger against them and is He barely with them? Ha’el is nothing other than an expression of strength, just as it says: “And he took the mighty of [eilei] the land” (Ezekiel 17:13). Or is He reconciled with them and He is acting with them with the attribute of mercy; that is what is written: “Lord.” Lord is nothing other than the attribute of mercy, as it is stated: “Lord, Lord, merciful and gracious” (Exodus 34:6). Immediately, the Holy One blessed be He placated him that He has no umbrage in His heart, just as it is written: “The Lord passed [vayaavor] before him” (Exodus 34:6), that He removed [shehe’evir] His fury from them and overlooked [ve’avar] their transgressions. Rabbi Simon said: Why does it say “Lord, Lord” twice? It is, rather, that the Holy One blessed be He placated him and said to Moses: Just as in the past I would act with them with the attribute of mercy before they performed that act, so, too, now, I will act with them with the attribute of mercy. Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said: At that moment, Moses heard a pleasant voice, an excellent voice. In the past, Moses would stand, and the divine speech would enter his ear like a current of water. No one of Israel could hear it, but when his face would redden they knew that divine speech had come to him. Once the Tabernacle was crafted, he heard a pleasant voice. What did he hear? “For He will speak peace to His people and to His pious ones” (Psalms 85:9). Rabbi Berekhya HaKohen said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon: The Holy One blessed be He said to Moses: ‘In the past there was enmity between Me and My children, hatred between Me and My children, contention between Me and My children, but now that the Tabernacle was crafted there is love between Me and My children, peace between Me and My children.’ That is, “for He will speak peace to His people” (Psalms 85:9) – this is Israel, for crafting the Tabernacle. “And to His pious ones” (Psalms 85:9) – this is the tribe of Levi, in whose regard it is written: “And of Levi he said: Your Tumim and Your Urim for Your pious one” (Deuteronomy 33:8). From where do you know that the verse is speaking regarding the Tabernacle? It is because it is written thereafter: “Indeed, His salvation is near for those who fear Him, so that glory may dwell in our land” (Psalms 85:10). When was there peace for Israel? When the glory of the Holy One blessed be He dwelled in the Tabernacle. It is just as it says: “And the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle” (Exodus 40:34). Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: Why would I teach this matter from the book of Psalms? It is a matter of Torah. Even from its location there is nothing lacking. See what is written: “And grant you peace” (Numbers 6:26). When? It was “on the day that Moses concluded [erecting the Tabernacle].”
Section 2ב׳
וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת וגו', הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב (איוב ד, יז): הַאֱנוֹשׁ מֵאֱלוֹהַּ יִצְדָּק וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה הַכֹּהֵן, כְּשֶׁהָלַךְ יַעֲקֹב אֵצֶל פַּרְעֹה לֹא יָצָא מֵאֶצְלוֹ עַד שֶׁבֵּרְכוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית מז, י): וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב אֶת פַּרְעֹה. מַה בֵּרְכוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ יַעֲלֶה נִילוּס לְרַגְלוֹ, אַף אֲנִי כְּשֶׁאָבוֹא אֶצְלְכֶם אֲנִי בָּא טָעוּן בְּרָכוֹת, וְהֵיכָן רְמָזָהּ לָהֶם, בְּסִינַי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי בְּרֶמֶז אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁיַּעֲשׂוּ אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לָהֶם בְּרָכוֹת בְּבִיאָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כ, כא): מִזְבַּח אֲדָמָה תַּעֲשֶׂה לִי וגו' בְּכָל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת שְׁמִי אָבוֹא אֵלֶיךָ וּבֵרַכְתִּיךָ, וְכֵן עָשָׂה, כְּשֶׁבָּא לַמִּשְׁכָּן בֵּרְכָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ו, כד): יְבָרֶכְךָ ה' וְיִשְׁמְרֶךָ, אֵימָתַי: וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת, הָא לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁאֵין אָדָם צַדִּיק יוֹתֵר מִן הָאֱלֹהִים, הֱוֵי הַאֱנוֹשׁ מֵאֱלוֹהַּ יִצְדָּק, לָאו, אֶלָּא גַּם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בֵּרַךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּבִיאָתוֹ אֶצְלָם, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: יְבָרֶכְךָ ה' וְיִשְׁמְרֶךָ, וְסָמַךְ לוֹ: וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת וגו'.
“It was on the day that [Moses] concluded…” – that is what is written: “Will a man be more just than God…?” (Job 4:17). Rabbi Berekhya HaKohen said: When Jacob went to Pharaoh, he did not leave his presence until he blessed him, as it is stated: “Jacob blessed Pharaoh” (Genesis 47:10). What did he bless him? He said to him: May the Nile rise to your feet. I, too, when I come to you, I come laden with blessings. Where did He allude to it to them? It was at Sinai. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: By means of an allusion, the Holy One blessed be He said to Israel that they should craft the Tabernacle and He would give them blessings when He came, as it is stated: “You shall craft for Me an altar of earth…in every place that I mention my name, I will come to you and I will bless you” (Exodus 20:21). So, He did; when He came to the Tabernacle, He blessed them, as it is stated: “May the Lord bless you and protect you” (Numbers 6:24). When? It was “on the day that [Moses] concluded [erecting the Tabernacle].” We learned that man is not more just than God. That is, “will a man be more just than God…?” No. It is, rather, that the Holy One blessed be He, too, blessed Israel when He came to them. That is why it is written: “May the Lord bless you and protect you,” and it juxtaposed to it: "It was on the day that [Moses] concluded…”
Section 3ג׳
וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת וגו', הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים צא, א): ישֵׁב בְּסֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא בְשֵׁם רַב אִידֵי, מִי אָמַר הַמִּזְמוֹר הַזֶּה, הָיִינוּ סְבוּרִים שֶׁבָּא שְׁלֹמֹה וַאֲמָרוֹ, וְלֹא אֲמָרוֹ אֶלָּא משֶׁה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: ישֵׁב בְּסֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן, זֶה משֶׁה שֶׁיָּשַׁב בְּסֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן, שֶׁנִּכְנַס בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן שֶׁהוּא סֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן, כְּמָה דְתֵימָא (איוב כב, יד): עָבִים סֵתֶר לוֹ. וְכֵן כָּתוּב (שמות כד, יח): וַיָּבֹא משֶׁה בְּתוֹךְ הֶעָנָן, (תהלים צא, א): בְּצֵל שַׁדַּי יִתְלוֹנָן, שֶׁלָּן שָׁם לִינוֹת הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לד, כח): וַיְהִי שָׁם עִם ה' אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וְאַרְבָּעִים לַיְלָה, וְהוּא אָמַר (תהלים צא ב): אֹמַר לַה' מַחְסִי וגו'. דָּבָר אַחֵר, ישֵׁב בְּסֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים שָׁמַע משֶׁה מִן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְהִרְתִּיעַ לַאֲחוֹרָיו, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ (שמות ל, יב): וְנָתְנוּ אִישׁ כֹּפֶר נַפְשׁוֹ, אָמַר משֶׁה מִי יוּכַל לִתֵּן כֹּפֶר נַפְשׁוֹ, (איוב ב, ד): עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר לָאִישׁ יִתֵּן בְּעַד נַפְשׁוֹ, וַעֲדַיִן אֵינוֹ מַגִיעַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מט, ח ט): אָח לֹא פָדֹה יִפְדֶה אִישׁ לֹא יִתֵּן לֵאלֹהִים כָּפְרוֹ וְיֵקַר פִּדְיוֹן נַפְשָׁם, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינִי מְבַקֵּשׁ לְפִי כֹּחִי אֶלָּא לְפִי כֹּחָן (שמות ל, יג): זֶה יִתְּנוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר נָטַל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּמִין מַטְבֵּע שֶׁל אֵשׁ מִתַּחַת כִּסֵּא הַכָּבוֹד וְהֶרְאָה לוֹ לְמשֶׁה זֶה יִתְּנוּ, כָּזֶה יִתְּנוּ. וְכֵן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (במדבר כח, ב): צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו' אֶת קָרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי, אָמַר משֶׁה מִי יוּכַל לְהַסְפִּיק לוֹ קָרְבָּנוֹת, אִם אָנוּ מַקְרִיבִין לְפָנָיו כָּל חַיְתוֹ שָׂדָי וְעוֹרְכִין כָּל עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן, אֵינוֹ מַסְפִּיק לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מ, טז): וּלְבָנוֹן אֵין דֵּי בָּעֵר וְחַיָּתוֹ אֵין דֵּי עוֹלָה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינִי מְבַקֵּשׁ לְפִי כֹּחִי אֶלָּא לְפִי כֹּחָן (במדבר כח, ג): וְאָמַרְתָּ לָהֶם זֶה הָאִשֶּׁה וגו', וְלֹא שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּבַת אַחַת, אֶלָּא (במדבר כח, ד): אֶת הַכֶּבֶשׂ אֶחָד תַּעֲשֶׂה בַבֹּקֶר וגו'. וְכֵן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (שמות כה, ח): וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם, אָמַר משֶׁה מִי יוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ מִקְדָּשׁ שֶׁיִּשְׁרֶה בְּתוֹכוֹ, (מלכים א ח, כז): הִנֵּה הַשָּׁמַיִם וּשְׁמֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם לֹא יְכַלְכְּלוּךָ וגו', וְאוֹמֵר (ירמיה כג, כד): הֲלֹא אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲנִי מָלֵא וגו', וְאוֹמֵר (ישעיה סו, א): הַשָּׁמַיִם כִּסְאִי וְהָאָרֶץ הֲדֹם רַגְלָי וגו'. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינִי מְבַקֵּשׁ, לְפִי כֹּחִי אֶלָּא לְפִי כֹּחָן, כְּשֶׁאֲנִי מְבַקֵּשׁ כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִיק כְּבוֹדִי וְלֹא שֶׁמֶשׁ אֶחָד מִשֶּׁלִּי, אֶלָּא אֲנִי אֵינִי מְבַקֵּשׁ מִיָּדְךָ אֶלָּא עֶשְׂרִים בַּדָּרוֹם וְעֶשְׂרִים בַּצָּפוֹן וּשְׁמוֹנֶה בַּמַּעֲרָב. לְכָךְ משֶׁה אָמַר: ישֵׁב בְּסֵתֶר עֶלְיוֹן, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב בְּסִתְרוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם הוּא רוֹאֶה אֶת הַכֹּל וְאֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה, הוּא נִתְאַוָּה לָלוּן בְּצִלֵּנוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי פְּרוֹזְדָק בַּר נַחֲשָׁא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן שַׁדַּי נִתְלוֹנֵן בַּצֵּל שֶׁעָשָׂה לְךָ בְּצַלְאֵל, זֶה הַמִּשְׁכָּן, הֱוֵי: בְּצֵל שַׁדַּי יִתְלוֹנָן. (תהלים צא, ב): אֹמַר לַה' מַחְסִי, שִׁיר זֶה שֶׁל פְּגָעִים, אָמַר משֶׁה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה עוֹלֶה לָהָר, שֶׁהָיָה מִתְיָרֵא מִן הַמַּזִּיקִין, מַהוּ אֹמַר לַה' מַחְסִי, אֲגָנָתִי, (תהלים צא, ב): וּמְצוּדָתִי קַסְטְרָא דִידִי, (תהלים צא, ב): אֱלֹהַי אֶבְטַח בּוֹ, שֶׁבִּשְׁמוֹ אֲנִי מַבְרִיחַ אֶת הַמַּזִּיקִין וְאֶת מַלְאֲכֵי חַבָּלָה. (תהלים צא, ג): כִּי הוּא יַצִּילְךָ, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בִּי בָּטַחְתָּ, אֲנִי עוֹמֵד לְךָ, כִּי הוּא יַצִּילְךָ וגו' (תהלים צא, ב): מִפַּח יָקוּשׁ, מִמְּצַדְתָּא דְּצַיָּידָא. (תהלים צא, ב): מִדֶּבֶר הַוּוֹת, מִדֶּבֶר שֶׁהוּא מֵבִיא הַוּוֹת בָּעוֹלָם. (תהלים צא, ד): בְּאֶבְרָתוֹ יָסֶךְ לָךְ, מַהוּ בְּאֶבְרָתוֹ יָסֶךְ לָךְ, בִּזְכוּת הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּתְּנָה מִימִינוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לג, ב): מִימִינוֹ אֵשׁ דָּת לָמוֹ. (תהלים צא, ב): וְתַחַת כְּנָפָיו תֶּחְסֶה, מִי שֶׁבָּא לַחֲסוֹת תַּחַת כְּנָפָיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הוּא לוֹ צִנָּה וְסוֹחֵרָה שֶׁל אֱמֶת, מַהוּ צִנָּה וְסֹחֵרָה אֲמִתּוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא זַיִן אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה לְכָל מִי שֶׁהוּא סוֹחֵר בַּאֲמִתָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי אֲמִתָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה זַיִן הוּא לִבְעָלֶיהָ. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי זַיִּן נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּסִינַי וְשֵׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ כָּתוּב עָלָיו (תהלים צא, ה): לֹא תִירָא מִפַּחַד לָיְלָה, מִן אַגְרַת בַּת מַחֲלַת וּמֶרְכַּבְתָּהּ, וְלֹא מִכָּל הַמַּזִּיקִים הַמּוֹשְׁלִים בַּלַּיְלָה, (תהלים צא, ה): מֵחֵץ יָעוּף יוֹמָם, אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה יֵשׁ מַזִּיק שֶׁהוּא פּוֹרֵחַ בָּאֲוִיר כָּעוֹף וְקוֹשֵׁט כַּחֵץ, וּמִי יַצִּילְךָ מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁלּוּחַ הַקֵּן, שֶׁכֵּן כְּתִיב לְמַעְלָה: כִּי הוּא יַצִּילְךָ מִפַּח יָקוּשׁ, אֵין פַּח אֶלָּא צִפּוֹר, כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עמוס ג, ה): הֲתִפֹּל צִפּוֹר עַל פַּח הָאָרֶץ, וּכְתִיב (דברים כב, ו ז): כִּי יִקָּרֵא קַן צִפּוֹר לְפָנֶיךָ וגו' שַׁלֵּחַ תְּשַׁלַּח וגו'. (תהלים צא, ו): מִדֶּבֶר בָּאֹפֶל יַהֲלֹךְ, מִי שֶׁמַּעֲשָׂיו בָּאֹפֶל הַדֶּבֶר שׁוֹלֵט בּוֹ, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (חבקוק ג, ה): לְפָנָיו יֵלֵךְ דָּבֶר וְיֵצֵא רֶשֶׁף לְרַגְלָיו, אַף כָּאן הוּא אוֹמֵר (תהלים צא, ה): מִקֶּטֶב יָשׁוּד צָהֳרָיִם, רַבָּנָן אָמְרִין שֵׁד הוּא וְלָמָּה קָרֵי לֵיהּ קֶטֶב, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר דְּהוּא בָּזֵא סוּגְיָא דְּיוֹמָא מִן רָאשֵׁיהוֹן דְּאַרְבַּע עַד סוֹפֵיהוֹן דְּתֵשַׁע. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר דְּהוּא בָּזֵז סוּגְיָא דְטִהֲרָא מִן סוֹפֵיהוֹן דְאַרְבַּע עַד רָאשֵׁיהוֹן דְּתֵשַׁע, וְאֵינוֹ שׁוֹלֵט לֹא בַצֵּל וְלֹא בַחַמָּה אֶלָּא בֵּין הַצֵּל לַחַמָּה, רֹאשׁוֹ דּוֹמֶה לָעֵגֶל וְקֶרֶן אֶחָד יוֹצְאָה בְּתוֹךְ מִצְחוֹ וְהוּא מִתְגַּלְגֵל כַּכָּד. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵף קֶטֶב מְרִירִי עָשׂוּי קְלִפִּין קְלִפִּין, שְׂעָרוֹת שְׂעָרוֹת, עֵינַיִם עֵינַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ וְעַיִן אַחַת קְבוּעָה לוֹ בְּלִבּוֹ, וְכָל מִי שֶׁהוּא רוֹאֶה אוֹתוֹ אֵין לוֹ חַיִּים מֵעוֹלָם בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין בְּהֵמָה, וְכָל מִי שֶׁהוּא רוֹאֶה אוֹתוֹ נוֹפֵל וָמֵת. וּמְרִירִי שׁוֹלֵט מִשִּׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּתַמּוּז וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב. חִזְקִיָּה רָאָה אוֹתוֹ וְנָפַל עַל פָּנָיו וָמֵת. אָמַר רַבִּי פִּינְחָס הַכֹּהֵן מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתוֹ וְנִכְפָּה עַל פָּנָיו, אָמְרוּ יְהוּדָה בֶּן רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל רָאָה וְלֹא נָפַל, אָמְרוּ אַף עַל פִּי כֵן מֵת. רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ הֲוָה יָתֵיב פָּשֵׁיט בַּחֲדָא כְּנִשְׁתָּא מִדּוּכְתָּא דְּקֵסָרִין, חָמָא חַד פַּאֲרֵי בָּתַר חַבְרֵיהּ וּבִידֵיהּ חַד קָטוֹ בָּעֵי דְּיִמְחִינֵיהּ בָּהּ, חָמָא חַד מַזִּיק פָּארֵי בַּתְרֵיהּ וּבִידֵיהּ חַד קְטוּ דְּפַרְזָל. נְפַק רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ וּפָארֵי בַּתְרֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָא תִמְחִינֵיהּ דִּלְמָא הוּא מָיֵת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי מִן הֲדָא הוּא מָיְתָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ הָא מַזִּיקָא פָּארֵי בַּתְרָךְ וּבִידֵיהּ קְטוּתָא דְּפַרְזְלָא, אַתְּ מָחֵי לֵהּ בַּהֲדָהּ וְהוּא מָחֵי לֵהּ בְּהַהִיא וְהוּא מָיֵת. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הֲוָה מְפַקֵּד לְסָפְרַיָא וּלְמַתְנְיָנַיָּא בְּאִלֵּין יוֹמַיָּא דְּלָא יֶהֱווֹן טָעֲנִין עַרְקָא עַל מֵינוֹקַיָא. רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק הֲוָה מְפַקֵּד לְסָפְרַיָא וּלְמַתְנְיָנַיָּא בְּאִלֵּין יוֹמַיָא דְּיֶהֱווֹן מְפַטְרִין טַלַּיָּא בְּאַרְבַּע שָׁעִין, (תהלים צא, ז): יִפֹּל מִצִּדְךָ וגו', רַב יִצְחָק אָמַר הַיָּד שֶׁהִיא שׁוֹלֶטֶת עַל מִצְוָה אֶחָת, זוֹ מִצְוַת תְּפִלִּין, כְּתִיב בָּהּ: יִפֹּל מִצִּדְךָ אֶלֶף, שֶׁנִּמְסַר לָהּ אֶלֶף מַלְאָכִים לְשָׁמְרוֹ, אֲבָל הַיָּמִין שֶׁהִיא שׁוֹלֶטֶת בְּמִצְווֹת הַרְבֵּה, וּרְבָבָה מִימִינֶךָ, רְבָבוֹת שֶׁל מַלְאָכִים נִמְסָרִים לָהּ. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ, אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר יִמָּסְרוּ לָךְ, אֶלָּא יִפֹּל, אִם בָּאִים אֶלֶף מַזִּיקִים הֵם נוֹפְלִים מִן הַצַּד שֶׁהִיא שׁוֹלֶטֶת עַל מִצְוָה אַחַת, וְאִם בָּאִים הֵם רִבּוֹא מַזִּיקִין הֵם נוֹפְלִים לִפְנֵי הַצַּד שֶׁהִיא שׁוֹלֶטֶת בְּמִצְווֹת הַרְבֵּה. בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אָדָם נִמְסַר לְאֶלֶף אִישׁ עָלָיו לָזוּן אוֹתָם, לָמָּה, שֶׁהֵן מוּסָרִין לוֹ לְשָׁמְרוֹ, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מוֹסֵר לָאָדָם הַזֶּה אֶלֶף מַלְאָכִים מִשְֹּׂמֹאלוֹ וְרִבּוֹא מִימִינוֹ לְטוֹבָתוֹ וּלְשָׁמְרוֹ, אֵלֶיךָ לֹא יִגָּשׁ, שֶׁתָּזוּן אוֹתָם, (תהלים צא, ח): רַק בְּעֵינֶיךָ תַבִּיט שַׁלְוָתְךָ, (תהלים צא, ח): וְשִׁלּוּמַת רְשָׁעִים תִּרְאֶה, מַה שֶּׁיְשַׁלֵּם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָרְשָׁעִים כְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם תִּרְאֶה, (תהלים צא, ט): כִּי אַתָּה ה' מַחְסִי וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אַתָּה נוֹתֵן אֶת הַתּוֹרָה בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים אֶצְלֵנוּ, וּשְׁכִינָתְךָ תַּשְׁרֶה בָּעֶלְיוֹנִים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: כִּי אַתָּה ה' מַחְסִי, שֶׁנָּתַתָּ לִי תּוֹרָתְךָ, וְעֶלְיוֹן שַׂמְתָּ מְעוֹנֶךָ, וְאַתָּה שַׂמְתָּ מְעוֹנְךָ בָּעֶלְיוֹנִים, (תהלים צא, י): לֹא תְאֻנֶּה אֵלֶיךָ רָעָה, כְּמָה דְתֵימָא (משלי יב, כא): לֹא יְאֻנֶּה לַצַּדִּיק כָּל אָוֶן, (תהלים צא, י): וְנֶגַע לֹא יִקְרַב בְּאָהֳלֶךָ, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, עַד שֶׁלֹא הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן הָיוּ הַמַּזִּיקִין מִתְגָּרִין בָּעוֹלָם לַבְּרִיּוֹת, וּמִשֶּׁהוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן שֶׁשָּׁרָה הַשְּׁכִינָה לְמַטָּה, כָּלוּ הַמַּזִּיקִין מִן הָעוֹלָם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וְנֶגַע לֹא יִקְרַב בְּאָהֳלֶךָ, זֶה אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ מַה לְּךָ אֵצֶל סֵפֶר תְּהִלִּים, וַהֲלֹא בִּמְקוֹמוֹ אֵינוֹ חָסֵר (במדבר ו, כד): יְבָרֶכְךָ ה' וְיִשְׁמְרֶךָ, מִן הַמַּזִּיקִין, אֵימָתַי, וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת משֶׁה, מַהוּ בְּיוֹם כַּלּוֹת, שֶׁכָּלוּ הַמַּזִּיקִין מִן הָעוֹלָם.
“It was on the day that [Moses] concluded…” – that is what is written: “He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High” (Psalms 91:1). Rav Huna said in the name of Rav Idi: Who said this psalm? We were under the impression that Solomon came and said it, but it was none other than Moses who said it. That is what is written: “He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High” – this is Moses, who stayed in the shelter of the Most High, as he entered the cloud, which is the shelter of the Most High, just as it says: “Clouds are shelter for Him” (Job 22:14). Likewise, it is written: “Moses entered into the midst of the cloud” (Exodus 34:18), “Who rests in the shadow of the Almighty” (Psalms 91:1), as he rested there several nights, as it is stated: “He was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights” Exodus 34:28), and he said: “I will say of the Lord: He is my shelter…” (Psalms 91:2). Another matter: “He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High…” (Psalms 91:1) – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: Three matters Moses heard from the Holy One blessed be He and he recoiled backward. When He said to him: “Each man shall give a ransom for himself” (Exodus 30:12), Moses said: ‘Who can give a ransom for himself?’ “Skin for skin, everything that a man has he will give for his life” (Job 2:4), and it is still not sufficient, as it is stated: “A man can neither redeem his brother nor give God a ransom for him. The redemption of their lives is too costly [and can never be attained] (Psalms 49:8–9). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘I am not asking according to My ability, but rather, according to their ability’ – “this, they shall give” (Exodus 30:13). Rabbi Meir said: The Holy One blessed be He took a type of coin of fire from beneath the Throne of Glory and showed it to Moses. “This, they shall give” – like this they shall give. Likewise, when the Holy One blessed be He said to him: “Command the children of Israel…My offering, My food, for My fires, [My pleasing aroma, you shall take care to sacrifice to Me at its appointed time]” (Numbers 28:2), Moses said: Who can provide Him with offerings? Were we to sacrifice before Him all the beasts of the field and arrange all the trees of Lebanon, it would not be sufficient for Him, as it is stated: “Lebanon is not sufficient for kindling and its beasts are not sufficient for burnt offerings” (Isaiah 40:16). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘I am not asking according to My ability, but rather, according to their ability’; “You shall say to them: This is the fire offering [that you shall bring to the Lord: Unblemished lambs in the first year, two each day, a continual burnt offering]” (Numbers 28:3). Not both of them at the same time, but rather: “The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, [and the second lamb you shall offer in the afternoon]” (Numbers 28:4). Likewise, when the Holy One blessed be He said to him: “They shall craft a Sanctuary for Me, and I will dwell in their midst” (Exodus 25:8), Moses said: Who can craft a Tabernacle for Him in which He will dwell? “Behold, the heavens and the heaven of heavens cannot contain You, [certainly not this House that I have built]” (I Kings 8:27); and it says: “Do I not fill the heavens and the earth, [the utterance of the Lord]” (Jeremiah 23:24); and it says: “[So said the Lord:] The heavens are My throne, and the earth is My footstool; [what house could you build for Me, and what place could be My resting place]” (Isaiah 66:1). The Holy One blessed be He said: I am not asking according to My ability, but rather, according to their ability. When I wish, the entire world cannot contain My glory, or even one of My suns. Rather, I am asking of you twenty in the north, twenty in the south, and eight in the west. That is why Moses said: “He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High” (Psalms 91:1); the Holy One blessed be He, who sits in the concealed place of the world, sees all but is not seen, and He seeks to rest in our shelter. Rabbi Prozedak bar Naḥsha said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon: The Almighty rests in the shelter that was crafted by Betzalel; that is the Tabernacle. That is, “in the shelter, the Almighty will rest” (Psalms 91:1). “I will say of the Lord: He is my shelter” (Psalms 91:2) – this song of ravages, Moses recited it as he ascended the mountain, as he feared demons. What is: “I will say of the Lord: He is my shelter”? He is my protector. “And my fortress” (Psalms 91:2) – He is my bastion. “My God, in whom I trust” (Psalms 91:2) – as with His name, I fend off demons and angels of destruction. “For He will rescue you” (Psalms 91:3) – the Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘You trusted Me; I will stand for you.’ “For He will rescue you…” “from an ensnared trap” (Psalms 91:3) – from a trap placed by a hunter; “from devastating pestilence” (Psalms 91:3) – from pestilence that brings devastation to the world. “He will cover You with His pinion” (Psalms 91:4) – what is: “He will cover You with His pinion [be’evrato]”? It is by the merit of the Torah that was given with the right of the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “From His right, a fiery law to them” (Deuteronomy 33:2). “You will find refuge under His wings; [a shield and armor are His truth]” (Psalms 91:4) – one who comes to seek refuge under the wings of the Holy One blessed be He, He is an actual shield and armor for him. What is, “a shield and armor are His truth”? Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: I will craft a weapon for anyone who trades in the truth of Torah. Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: The truth of Torah is a weapon for those who master it. Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai said: The Holy One blessed be He gave a weapon to Israel with the ineffable Name written upon it. “You will not fear the terror of night” (Psalms 91:5) – from Agrat bat Maḥalat and her chariot nor from all the demons that rule the night. “Nor the arrow that flies by day” (Psalms 91:5) – Rabbi Berekhya said: There is a demon that flies in the air like a bird and darts like an arrow. What will save you from it? It is sending the mother bird from the nest, as it is written previously: “For He will rescue you from an ensnared trap [paḥ]” (Psalms 91:3), and paḥ is nothing other than a bird, like the matter that is stated: “Will a bird fall into a trap [paḥ] on the ground…” (Amos 3:5). And it is written: “If a bird’s nest happens before you.… You shall send [shale’aḥ teshalaḥ] [the mother] away…” (Deuteronomy 22:6–7). “Nor the pestilence that stalks in darkness” (Psalms 91:6) – anyone whose actions are in the darkness, pestilence dominates him. Likewise, it says: “Pestilence goes before Him, and plague emerges at His heels” (Habakkuk 3:5). It says the same here. “Nor the scourge [ketev] that ravages at noon” (Psalms 91:6) – the Rabbis say: It is a demon. Why is it called ketev? Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Because it plunders the strength of the day from the beginning of the fourth hour until the end of the ninth hour. Rabbi Levi said: Because it plunders the strength of the day from the end of the fourth hour until the beginning of the ninth hour, but rules in neither the sun nor the shade, but only between the shade and the sun. Its head resembles that of a calf, and a horn emerges from its forehead, and it rolls like a jug. Rav Huna said in the name of Rabbi Yosef: Ketev Meriri (Deuteronomy 32:24) is made of many scales, many hairs, and many eyes. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: One eye is affixed to its heart, and anyone who sees it has no life in this world, whether man or animal. And anyone who sees it falls and dies. Meriri dominates from the seventeenth of Tamuz until the ninth of Av. Ḥizkiya saw it, fell on his face, and died. Rabbi Pinḥas HaKohen said: There was an incident involving one who saw it and fell on his face. It was said: Yehuda ben Rabbi Shmuel saw but did not fall. They said, nevertheless, he died. Rabbi Abbahu was sitting and studying in a certain study hall in his place, Caesarea. He saw one pursuing another and in his hand was a certain rod with which he sought to strike him. He saw a demon pursuing him, and in his hand was an iron rod. Rabbi Abbahu went out and pursued him. He said to him: ‘Do not strike him because he may die.’ He said to him: ‘Rabbi, from this he will die?’ He said to him: ‘There is a demon pursuing you and in his hand is an iron rod. You will strike him with this one, and it will strike him with that one and he will die. Rabbi Yoḥanan would instruct the Bible teachers and the Mishna teachers that they should not raise a strap against the children on those days. Rabbi Shmuel bar Rabbi Yitzḥak would instruct the Bible teachers and the Mishna teachers to dismiss the children after four hours of the day on those days. “[One thousand] will fall at your side, [and ten thousand to your right, but it will not reach you]” (Psalms 91:7) – Rav Yitzḥak said: Regarding the hand that controls one mitzva, the mitzva of phylacteries, it is written: “One thousand will fall at your side,” as one thousand angels were assigned to it to protect it. However, the right hand, which controls many mitzvot, tens of thousands of angels are assigned to it. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Rabbi Abbahu said: It does not say: They will be assigned to you, but rather, they “will fall” (Psalms 91:7). If one thousand demons come, they will fall on the side that controls one mitzva, and if they are ten thousand demons, they will fall before the side that controls many mitzvot. The way of the world is that if a person is assigned one thousand people, it is incumbent upon him to feed them. The Holy One blessed be He, though, assigns this person one thousand angels to his left and ten thousand to his right for his wellbeing and to protect him, “but it will not reach you” (Psalms 91:7) to feed them. “You will only look with your eyes” (Psalms 91:8) – your tranquility; “and see the punishment [shilumat] of the wicked” (Psalms 91:8) – You will see what the Holy One blessed be He will pay [sheyeshalem] to the wicked in accordance with their actions. “For You, Lord, are my shelter; [You have made the most high Your dwelling place]” (Psalms 91:9) – Rabbi Ḥanina said: Israel said: ‘Holy One blessed be He, You gave us the Torah below with us, but Your Divine Presence rests on high?’ That is what is written: “For You, Lord, are my shelter,” as You gave me Your Torah, but “You have made the most high Your dwelling place,” You placed Your dwelling place on high? “No evil will befall you” (Psalms 91:10) – just as it is stated: “No iniquity will befall the righteous” (Proverbs 12:21). “And no plague will come near your tent” (Psalms 91:10) – Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Until the Tabernacle was erected, the demons would provoke people in the world. When the Tabernacle was erected, when the Divine Presence rested below, the demons were eliminated from the world. That is what is written: “And no plague will come near your tent” – this is the Tent of Meeting. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: Why must you go to the book of Psalms? In its place it is not lacking: “May the Lord bless you and protect you” (Numbers 6:24). When? “It was on the day that Moses concluded.” What is “the day that [Moses] concluded [kalot]’? It means that all the demons were eliminated [shekalu] from the world.
Bamidbar Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria
English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY