זוהר, וישלח ט״זZohar, Vayishlach 16

Segment 1א׳

רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי הֲווּ אָזְלֵי בְּאָרְחָא, אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, וַדַּאי הָא דְּאֲמַרְתְּ דְּיַעֲקֹב שְׁלֵימָא דְּאֲבָהָן אִיהוּ, וְאִיהוּ אָחִיד לְכָל סִטְרִין, וְקָרָא שְׁמֵיהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּכְתִיב לא יִקָּרֵא שִׁמְךָ עוֹד יַעֲקֹב כִּי אִם יִשְׂרָאֵל יִהְיֶה שְׁמֶךָ. וּכְתִיב וַיִּקְרָא אֶת שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל. אַמַּאי אַהֲדַר קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא וְקָרָא לֵיהּ יַעֲקֹב בְּכַמָּה זִמְנִין, וְכֹלָּא קָרוּן לֵיהּ יַעֲקֹב כְּמִלְּקַדְּמִין. אִי הָכִי, מַהוּ וְלא יִקָּרֵא שִׁמְךָ עוֹד יַעֲקֹב.

As R. Eleazar and R. Jose were once walking on the road, the latter said to R. Eleazar: ‘Assuredly it is as you said, that Jacob was the consummation of the patriarchs and that he was attached to all the sides and so his name was called Israel. But how comes it that God afterwards again called him many times by the name of Jacob, and that he is commonly called Jacob just as before?’

Segment 2ב׳

אָמַר לֵיהּ, שַׁפִּיר קָא אֲמַרְתְּ. פָּתַח וְאָמַר, (ישעיהו מ״ב:י״ג) יְיָ כַּגִּבּוֹר יֵצֵא כְּאִישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת יָעִיר קִנְאָה, הַאי קְרָא אוּקְמוּהָ. אֲבָל תָּא חֲזֵי, כַּגִּבּוֹר יֵצֵא, גִּבּוֹר מִבָּעֵי לֵיהּ. כְּאִישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת, אִישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת מִבָּעֵי לֵיהּ.

R. Eleazar replied: ‘That is a good question. To find an answer, consider the verse: “The Lord will go forth as a mighty one, he will stir up jealousy like a warrior” (Is. 42, 12). Why say as a mighty one, seeing that He is a mighty one; and why say like a warrior, seeing that He is a warrior?’

Segment 3ג׳

אֶלָּא הָא אִתְּמָר יְיָ בְּכָל אֲתַר רַחֲמֵי אִיהוּ, וַדַּאי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, יְיָ שְׁמֵיהּ אִיהוּ, דִּכְתִיב, (ישעיהו מ״ב:ח׳) אֲנִי יְיָ הוּא שְׁמִי, וְחָמִינָן דִּלְזִמְנִין אִתְקְרֵי שְׁמֵיהּ אֱלהִים וְהוּא דִינָא בְּכָל אֲתַר. אֶלָּא בְּזִמְנָא דְאַסְגִיאוּ זַכָּאִין בְּעַלְמָא, יְיָ שְׁמֵיהּ וְאִתְקְרֵי בִּשְׁמָא דְרַחֲמֵי. וּבְזִמְנָא דְאַסְגִיאוּ חַיָּיבִין בְּעַלְמָא, אֱלֹהִים שְׁמֵיהּ וְאִתְקְרֵי בִּשְׁמָא דֵּאֱלהִים. כָּךְ בְּזִמְנָא דְיַעֲקֹב לָא הֲוָה בֵּין שָׂנְאִין וְלָא הֲוָה בְּאַרְעָא אָחֳרָא, קָרֵי לֵיהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְכַד הֲוָה בֵּין שָׂנְאִין, אוֹ בְּאַרְעָא אָחֳרָא קָרֵי לֵיהּ יַעֲקֹב.

But the truth is that, as we have learned, the name TETRAGRAMMATON (Lord) is everywhere expressive of the attribute of mercy. Now, assuredly, God is named TETRAGRAMMATON (Lord), as it is written: “I am the Lord TETRAGRAMMATON” (Ibid. 8). Yet we see that at times His name is called Elohim (God), which is everywhere expressive of judgement. The explanation is that when the righteous are numerous among mankind, He is called by the name of TETRAGRAMMATON (Lord), the name which implies mercy, but when sinners abound, He is called by the name of Elohim (God). Similarly with Jacob. When he is not among enemies, or in a strange land, his name is Israel, but when he is among enemies or in a strange land he is called Jacob.’