זוהר, אחרי מות כ״אZohar, Achrei Mot 21

Segment 1א׳

תָּאנָא, (ויקרא ט״ז:ה׳) וּמֵאֵת עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יִקַּח שְׁנֵי שְׂעִירֵי עִזִּים לְחַטָּאת, וּמֵאֵת עֲדַת, בְּגִין דִּיְהֵא מִכֻּלְּהוּ, וְיִתְכַּפֵּר לְכֻלְּהוּ. דְּהָא כָּל חוֹבַיְיהוּ דִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָכָא תַּלְיָין, וְכֻלְּהוּ מִתְכַּפְּרֵי בְּדָא. וְלָא סָגֵי מִבַּר נָשׁ חַד. וּמֵאָן אֲתַר אִתְנְסִיבוּ מֵאִינּוּן קוּפִּין דְּבַעֲזָרָה נַטְלִין אַגְרָא, וְאַיְיתֵי לְהוּ מֵאִינּוּן דָּמֵי דַּהֲווֹ מִכֻּלְּהוּ.

AND OF THE CONGREGATION OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL HE SHALL TAKE TWO HE-GOATS FOR A SIN-OFFERING. This offering was to be taken from all of them, so as to make atonement for all of them, and it was not sufficient that it should be taken from one individual. From whence, then, was it taken? They used to take the money for it from the boxes in the Temple court, which contained the contributions of all.

Segment 2ב׳

וְהַהוּא שְׂעִירָא אָחֳרָא, דְּהֲוָה אִשְׁתְּאַר לְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, עַבְדִּין לֵיהּ חַטָּאת בְּקַדְמִיתָא. וְהָא אוֹקִימְנָא בְּאָן אֲתַר הֲוָה מִתְקַשְּׁרָא. וּלְבָתַר דָּא מִתְקָרְבִין הָנֵי, וּמִתְבַּסְּמִין כֹּלָּא, וְאִשְׁתָּאָרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל זַכָּאִין קָמֵי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, מִכָּל חוֹבִין דְּעָבְדוּ וְחָבוּ קָמֵיהּ. הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם וְגוֹ'.

And that other he-goat, which was left for the Holy One, blessed be He, they make into a sin offering first; and we have explained in what place it was bound. And after this the others are offered, and all is sweetened, and Israel are left innocent before the Holy One, blessed be He, of all the sins they committed and wherein they sinned before Him. This is what is written, “for on this day shall atonement be made for you,” and so forth.

Segment 3ג׳

תּוּ אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, (בראשית כ״ז:י״א) וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל רִבְקָה אִמּוֹ הֵן עֵשָׂו אָחִי אִישׁ שָׂעִיר וְאָנֹכִי אִישׁ חָלָק. מַאי קָא רְמִיזָא, אֶלָּא וַדַּאי עֵשָׂו אִישׁ שָׂעִיר, הוּא מֵהַהוּא דְּאִקְרֵי שָׂעִיר, דְּהָא מֵהַהוּא סִטְרָא אָתֵי. וְאָנֹכִי אִישׁ חָלָק: גְּבַר מֵהַהוּא דְּפָלִיג לְכָל שְׁאָר עַמִּין רַבְרְבִין מְמָנָן. דִּכְתִּיב, (דברים ד׳:י״ט) אֲשֶׁר חָלַק יְיָ' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אוֹתָם, וּכְתִיב (דברים לב) כִּי חֵלֶק יְיָ' עַמּוֹ וְגוֹ'. תּוּ אִישׁ חָלָק, מִתְּרֵי שְׂעִירִים וְאִשְׁתְּאַר חֲדָא. דְּכַהֲנָא פָּלִיג לֵהּ, חַד לְחוּלָקֵיהּ, וְחַד לְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא. אֲמַאי. בְּגִין דְּיַטְעִין עַל כַּתְפּוֹי כָּל חוֹבוֹי דְּיַעֲקֹב, דִּכְתִּיב וְנָשָׂא הַשָּׂעִיר עָלָיו אֶת כָּל עֲוֹנוֹתָם, עֲוֹנוֹת תָּם.

R. Simeon said further: “And Jacob said to Rebekah his mother: Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a smooth man” (Gen. 27, 11). What is hinted here? Assuredly, Esau is “a hairy man” because he comes from that one who is called “he-goat,” for from that side he comes. “And I am a smooth man”: a man from that One who apportioned to all the other nations their great appointed chieftains, as it is written, “which the Lord your God has apportioned to them” (Deut. 4, 19), and it is written, “For the portion of the Lord is His people,” and so forth (Deut. 32). Further, “a smooth man”: of the two he-goats one was left over, for the priest divided them, one for his own portion and one for the Holy One, blessed be He. Why? So that he should load upon his shoulders all the sins of Jacob, as it is written, “and the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities” — the iniquities of the perfect one.