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The Jerusalem Talmud

תרומות ח׳Terumot 8

Perek 8 of 11 in Terumot — 4 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ אוֹ גִירְשָׁךְ. וְכֵן הָעֶבֶד שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ מֵת רַבָּךְ אוֹ מְכָרָךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ נְתָנָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה. אוֹ עֲשָׂאָךְ בֶּן חוֹרִין. וְכֵן כֹּהֵן שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵיב קֶרֶן וְחוֹמֶשׁ. וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר כָּל קָרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁהִקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵחַ פְּסוּלִין. וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר. נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל מוּם עֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. וְכוּלָּם שֶׁהָיָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר יִבְלָעוּ וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר יִפְלוֹטוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ נִטְמֵאתָ וְנִטְמֵאת תְּרוּמָה רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר יִבְלַע וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר יִפְלוֹט. טָמֵא הָיִית וּטְמֵאָה הָיְתָה תְרוּמָה אוֹ נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא טֵבֵל וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִיטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ אוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ אוֹ שֶׁטָּעֲמוּ טַעַם פִּישְׁפֵּשׁ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו הֲרֵי זֶה יִפְלוֹט.

MISHNAH: When they came to a woman who was eating heave and told her your husband died, or he divorced you; similarly a slave who was eating heave when they came and told him your master died, or he sold you to an Israel or gave you as a gift, or made you a free person; similarly a Cohen who was eating heave when it became known that he was the son of a divorcee or the son of a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah, Rebbi Eliezer obliges them to pay principal and fifth, but Rebbi Joshua frees them. If he was standing on top of the altar and sacrificing when it became known that he was the son of a divorcee or the son of a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah, Rebbi Eliezer says that all sacrifices he performed on the altar are invalid but Rebbi Joshua declares them valid. If it became known that he has a bodily defect, his work is invalid. All of these, if heave was in their mouths, Rebbi Eliezer says, they should swallow it, Rebbi Joshua says, they should spit it out. If they said to him, you and the heave have become impure, Rebbi Eliezer says, he should swallow it, Rebbi Joshua says, he should spit it out. You or the heave were impure, or if it became known that it was ṭevel, or First Tithe of which its heave had not been taken, or Second Tithe or dedicated [food] that had not been redeemed, or that he tasted the taste of a bed bug in his mouth, he has to spit it out.

Halakhah

הלכה: הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה כו׳. נִיחָא מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ. גִּירְשָׁךְ. רַבָּנִין אָמְרִין כְּמִשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. שֶׁכֵּן אֲרוּסָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה וְאָבִיהָ מְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר וַאֲפִילוּ תֵימַר כְּמִשְׁנָה אַחֲרוֹנָה. תִּיפָּתֵר שֶׁאָמְרָה לוֹ הֲבֵא גִיטִּי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי וְהָיָה דַרְכּוֹ לְהָבִיא לָהּ בַּעֲשָׂרָה יָמִים וּמָצָא סוּס רָץ וְהֵבִיא לָהּ לַחֲמִשָּׁה יָמִים. וְלֹא רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר כְּרִבִּי לָעְזָר. דְּתַנִּינָן רִבִּי לָעְזָר אוֹסֵר מִיַּד. וְלֹא מוֹדֵי רִבִּי לָעְזָר שֶׁאִם אָמְרָה הֲבֵא לִי גִיטִּי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁהִיא אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ גֶּט לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמְרָה לוֹ הֲבֵא לִי גִיטִּי מִמָּקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי כְּמִי שֶׁאָמְרָה לוֹ לֹא יְהֵא גֶט אֶלָּא לַעֲשָׂרָה יָמִים מַה שֶׁאָכְלָה בְּהֵיתֵר אָכְלָה.

HALAKHAH: “A woman who was eating heave,” etc. It is acceptable, “your husband died.” “He divorced you?” The rabbis say, this follows the old Mishnah, according to which the betrothed daughter of an Israel eats heave and her father accepts her divorce document. Rebbi Eliezer says, you may even say following the later Mishnah; explain it that she said to him, bring my divorce document from place X and usually that should have taken him ten days to deliver to her but he found a galloping horse and brought it to her in five days. Rebbi Eliezer cannot follow Rebbi Eleazar, as we have stated: “Rebbi Eleazar forbids her immediately.” Does Rebbi Eleazar not agree that if she said, bring my divorce document from place X, that she may eat heave until the document arrives at that place? Rebbi Ḥaninah said, when she said to him, bring my divorce document from place X, it is as if she had said to him, it shall become a divorce document only after ten days. What she ate, she ate with permission.

רִבִּי חַגַּיי שָָׁאַל לַחֲבֵרַיָיה מְנַיִן לָאוֹכֵל בִּרְשׁוּת שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר. מַה בֵּין סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא חוּלִין וְנִמְצָא תְרוּמָה שֶׁהוּא חַיָיב. מַה בֵּין סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִמְצָא כֹהֵן שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר. אָמְרִין לֵיהּ מֵהוֹרַיַית בֵּית דִּין. אָמַר לוֹן עוֹד צְרִיכָה לִי. מַה בֵּין סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא חוֹל וְנִמְצָא שַׁבָּת שֶׁהוּא חַיָיב. מַה בֵּין סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא פֶּסַח וְנִמְצָא שְׁלָמִים שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר. אָמְרוּן לֵיהּ מִשּׁוֹחֵט בִּרְשׁוּת. אָמַר לוֹן עוֹד צְרִיכָה לִי. מַה בֵּין סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא שׁוּמָּן וְנִמְצָא חֵלֶב שֶׁהוּא חַיָיב. מַה בֵּין סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא אָסוּר וְנִמְצָא מוּתָּר שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר. לֹא אֲגִיבוּ מַה. אָמַר לוֹן נִמְלָכִין מִינָן אוֹ הוֹדַע אֵלָיו חַטָּאתוֹ וְהֵבִיא. הַשָּׁב מִידִיעָתוֹ חַיָיב עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ. יָצָא זֶה שֶׁאֲפִילוּ יָדַע אֵינוֹ פוֹרֵשׁ. עָאַל רִבִּי יוֹסֵי לְגַבּוֹן אָמַר לוֹן לָמָּה לֹא אַמְרִיתוּ לֵיהּ אוֹ הוֹדַע אֵלָיו חַטָּאתוֹ וְהֵבִיא. אָמְרִין לֵיהּ הוּא קְשִׁיתָהּ וְהוּא קִיְימָהּ.

Rebbi Ḥaggai asked the colleagues, from where that he who eats with permission is free? What is the difference between him who thought that it was profane but it turned out that it was heave, who is obligated, and him who thought that he was an Israel but it turned out that he was a Cohen, who is free? They said to him, by the declaration of the court. He said to them, still I am having a problem. What is the difference between him who thought that it was a weekday but it turned out that it was a Sabbath, who is obligated, and him who thought that it was a Passover sacrifice but it turned out that it was a well-being offering, who is free? They said to him, because he slaughtered with permission. He said to them, still I am having a problem. What is the difference between him who thought that it was permitted fat but it turned out that it was forbidden fat, who is obligated, and him who thought that it was forbidden but it turned out that it was permitted, who is free? They did not answer him. What did he say to them? Let us take counsel! ( Lev. 4:23, 28): “Or his transgression in which he sinned was made known to him; he has to bring.” He who returns from his prior knowledge is obligated for his error; this excludes one who would not stop even if he knew! Rebbi Assi went to see them and said, why did you not answer him ( Lev. 4:23, 28): “Or his transgression in which he sinned was made known to him; he has to bring”? They said to him, he asked the question and gave the answer.

רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יַנַּאי זֶה אֶחָד מִשָּׁלֹשׁ מִדְרָשׁוֹת שֶׁהֵן מְחֻוָורִין בַּתּוֹרָה. וּבָאתָ אֶל הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם. וְכִי יֵשׁ כֹהֵן עַכְשָׁיו וְאֵין כֹּהֵן לְאַחַר זְמָן. וְאֵי זֶה זֶה זֶה שֶׁהָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה שֶׁעֲבוֹדָתוֹ כְּשֵׁירָה. אָמַר רַב וּפוֹעַל יָדָיו תִּרְצֶה כָּל שֶׁהוּא מִזַּרְעוֹ שֶׁל לֵוִי עֲבוֹדָתוֹ כְּשֵׁירָה.

: Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Yannai: This is one of three derivations which are clear from the Torah ( Deut. 26:3): “You shall come to the Cohen who will be in those days.” Is there a Cohen now who is not a Cohen after some time? Who is that? That is one who was standing sacrificing on the altar when it became known that he is the son of a divorcee or of one who had performed ḥaliẓah, that his work is valid. Rav said, ( Deut. 33:11) “You will want the work of his hands,” that the work of everybody who is of the descendants of Levi is valid.

עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב בִּלְבַד כֹּהֵן מַקְרִיב. וְעַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וַאֲפִילוּ כָל כֹּהֵן. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב וּבִלְבַד בְּקָדְשֵׁי מִקְדָּשׁ. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וַאֲפִילוּ בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַגְּבוּל. עַל דַּעְתַּיְיהוּ דְּרַבָּנִין וּבִלְבַד בִשְׁעַת מִקְדָּשׁ. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וַאֲפִילוּ בִּזְמַן הַזֶּה.

In Rav’s opinion, only a sacrificing Cohen. In Rebbi Joḥanan’s opinion, any Cohen. In Rav’s opinion, only for sacrifices in the Temple. In Rebbi Joḥanan’s opinion, even holy food in the countryside. In the rabbis’ opinion, only during the existence of the Temple. In Rebbi Joḥanan’s opinion, even today.

רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָּעֵי וְאַף לְעִנְיָין שְׁאָר הַדְּבָרִים כֵּן מְקַבֵּל וְאַחַר כָּךְ זוֹרֵק קוֹמֵץ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַקְטִיר שׂוֹרֵף וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַזֶּה. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יִצְחָק מִן מַה דְּתַנֵּי עָשׂוּ אוֹתָהּ כְּחַטָּאת גְּזוּלָה שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדְעָה לְרַבִּים שֶׁהִיא מְכַפֶּרֶת. הָדָה אָמְרָה שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל וְאַחַר כָּךְ זוֹרֵק קוֹמֵץ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַקְטִיר שׂוֹרֵף וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַזֶּה.

Rebbi Jeremiah asked: Does this apply even to the remaining actions? If he received [the blood], does he sprinkle [the blood on the walls of the altar]; if he takes a fist full [of the flour offering], can he burn it [on the altar]; if he burned [the red cow], can he sprinkle [water mixed with its ashes, to purify]? Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi in the name of Rebbi Isaac: Since we have stated: “they made it like a purification sacrifice which atones even if obtained by robbery, as long as this fact is unknown to the public;” this means that if he received, he sprinkles; if he takes a fist full, he burns; if he burned, he sprinkles.

רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יִצְחָק שָׁאַל הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנוֹדַע לוֹ שֶׁהוּא בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה מַה אַתְּ עֲבַד לֵיהּ. כְּמִי שֶׁהוּא מֵת וְיַחֲזוֹר הָרוֹצֵחַ לִמְקוֹמוֹ. אוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁנִּגְמַר דִּינוֹ בְּלֹא כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל וְאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא מִשָּׁם לְעוֹלָם.

Rebbi Jacob ben Zavdi asked in the name of Rebbi Isaac: If he was standing sacrificing on the altar when it became known to him that he was the son of a divorcee or a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah Moëd, how do you treat him? As if he had died and the homicide might return to his home town, or as if [the latter’s] trial had been concluded when there was no High Priest, when he never could leave from there?

נִישְׁמְעִינָיהּ מִן הָדָא. מַעֲשֶׂה בִּמְגוֹרָת שֶׁל דִּיסְקוֹס בְּיַבְנֶה שֶׁנִּפְגְמָה וְנִמְדְּדָה וְנִמְצֵאת חֲסֵירָה. וְהָיָה רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן מְטָהֵר וְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְטַמֵּא. אָמַר רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן הַמִּקְוֶה הַזֶּה בְּחֶזְקַת טָהֳרָה לְעוֹלָם הוּא בְטָהֳרָתוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע שֶׁחָסֵר. אָמַר רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה הַטָּמֵא הַזֶּה בְּחֶזְקַת טוּמְאָה לְעוֹלָם הוּא בְטוּמְאָתוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע שֶׁטָּהֵר. אָמַר רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן לְמָה זֶה דוֹמֶה לְעוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה שֶׁעֲבוֹדָתוֹ כְּשֵׁירָה. אָמַר רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה לְמָה זֶה דוֹמֶה לְעוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁעֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. אוֹמַר לוֹ רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן מַה עֲקִיבָה אֲנִי מְדַמֶּה לֵיהּ לְבֶן גְּרוּשָׁה וְאַתְּ מְדַמֶּה לֵיהּ לְבַעַל מוּם. נִרְאֶה לְמִי דוֹמֶה אִם לְבֶן גְּרוּשָׁה הוּא דוֹמֶה נְלַמְּדֶינּוּ מִבֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה. וְאִם לְבַעַל מוּם הוּא דוֹמֶה נְלַמְּדֶינּוּ מִבַּעַל מוּם. אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה מִקְוֶה פְסוּלוֹ בְגוּפוֹ וּבַעַל מוּם פְּסוּלוֹ בְגוּפוֹ. וְאַל יוֹכִיחַ בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה שֶׁפְּסוּלוֹ מַחְמַת אֲחֵרִים. מִקְוֶה פְסוּלוֹ בְיָחִיד וּבַעַל מוּם פְּסוּלוֹ בְיָחִיד. וְאַל יוֹכִיחַ בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה שֶׁפְּסוּלוֹ בְּבֵית דִּין. וְנִימְנוּ עָלָיו וְטִימְּאוּהוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן לְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מִמְּךָ כְפוֹרֵשׁ מֵחַיָיו.

Let us hear from the following: “It happened that the reservoir of Discus at Jabneh was damaged, measured, and found deficient. Rebbi Ṭarphon declared pure and Rebbi Aqiba impure. Rebbi Ṭarphon said, the prior status of this miqweh was one of purity; it remains forever in its purity until it becomes known that it is deficient. Rebbi Aqiba said, the prior status of the impure is impurity, he remains forever in his impurity until it becomes known that he is pure. Rebbi Ṭarphon said, to what can this be compared? To one who was standing sacrificing on the altar when it became known that he was the son of a divorcee or of a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah, whose work is valid. Rebbi Aqiba said, to what can this be compared? To one who was standing sacrificing on the altar when it became known that he has a bodily defect, whose work is invalid. Rebbi Ṭarphon said to him, how is that, Aqiba? I am comparing this to the son of a divorcee or of a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah, and you compare it to one with a bodily defect. Let us see to which case it really is similar; if to the son of a divorcee or of a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah, let us learn from the son of the divorcee, but if to one with a bodily defect, let us learn from the person with a bodily defect. Rebbi Aqiba said to him, the miqweh is invalid because of an inherent defect; the one with a bodily defect is disqualified because of an inherent defect. The son of a divorcee cannot prove anything since he is disqualified because of others. The miqweh is invalid because of itself, the one with a bodily defect is disqualified because of himself; the son of a divorcee cannot prove anything since he is disqualified by the court. They voted on the matter and declared him impure. Rebbi Ṭarphon said to Rebbi Aqiba, he who separates himself from you is as if he separated himself from his own life.”

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶּן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה שֶׁעֲבוֹדָתוֹ כְּשֵׁירָה עַד שֶׁיִּיפָּסֵל בְבֵית דִּין. הָדָא אָמְרָה סָפֵק טָמֵא סָפֵק בַּעַל מוּם עֲבוֹדָתוֹ כְשֵׁירָה. דְּאַת מְדַמֵּי לֵיהּ לְבֶן גְּרוּשָׁה לְבֶן חֲלוּצָה. אֲבָל אִם מְדַמֵּי לְבַעַל מוּם עֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. וּמִקְוֶה לֹא סָפֵק הוּא. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָא זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת פְּסוּל מִשְׁפָּחָה צָרִיךְ בֵּית דִּין.

Rebbi Yose said, this means that if he was standing sacrificing on the altar when it became known that he was the son of a divorcee or of a woman who had performed ḥaliẓah, his work remains valid until he is disqualified by a court. That [also] means that if it was doubtful whether he was impure or had a bodily defect, his work is valid if you can compare him to the son of a divorcee [or] the son of a woman who had given ḥaliẓah. But if you have to compare him to a person with a bodily defect, his work is invalid. But is the case of the miqweh not that of a doubt? Rebbi Ḥanina said, this means that any blemish on the family needs a court [judgment].

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מַה פְלִיגִין בְּעֶבֶד וְאִשָּׁה. אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים אַף רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מוֹדֵי. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן אוֹ נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא טֵבֵל אוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִיטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ אוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ וְלֵית רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר פַּלִּיג.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, where do they disagree? Concerning slave and wife. But in the other cases, even Rebbi Eliezer agrees. Rebbi Samuel ben Rebbi Isaac said, the Mishnah says so: “or if it became known that it was ṭevel, or First Tithe of which its heave had not been taken, or Second Tithe or dedicated [food] that had not been redeemed,” and Rebbi Eliezer does not disagree.

מַה טַעֲמָא דְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהִתְחִיל בְּהֵיתֵר. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי נָתַן אוֹמֵר. לֹא שֶׁהָיָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהִתְחִיל בּוֹ בְהֵיתֵר. אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר הַלָּעוּס כְּבָלוּעַ. אַף בְשַׁבָּת כֵּן. אַף בְפֶסַח כֵּן. אַף בְּיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים כֵּן. אַף בְּנָזִיר כֵּן. אַף בִּנְבֵילוֹת כֵּן אַף בִּטְרֵיפוֹת כֵּן אַף בִּשְׁקָצִים כֵּן אַף בִּרְמָשִׂים כֵּן.

What is the reason of Rebbi Eliezer? Because he started with permission. It was stated: “Rebbi Nathan said, not that Rebbi Eliezer said because he started with permission but Rebbi Eliezer holds that chewed is like swallowed.” It is the same with the Sabbath, Passover, the Day of Atonement, the nazir, carcasses and torn animals, abominations and crawling things.

רִבִּי חִיָיה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּהֵמָה וּמָצָא בָהּ שֶׁקֶץ אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה. מַה טַעֲמָא בְּהֵמָה בַּבְּהֵמָה תֹאכֵלוּ. וְלֹא שֶׁקֶץ בַּבְּהֵמָה תֹאכֵלוּ.

Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If somebody slaughters an animal and finds in it an abomination, that is forbidden as food. What is the reason? An animal ( Lev. 11:3) “inside an animal you may eat,” but an abomination inside an animal you may not eat.

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה בָּעֵי מַה בֵינָהּ לְבֵין זִיזִין שֶׁבָּעֲדָשִׁין לִיתוּשִׁים שֶׁבַּכְּלֵיסִים. לְתוֹלָעִים שֶׁבַּתְּמָרִים וּבַגְּרוֹגְרוֹת. תַּמָּן בְּגוּפֵיהֶן הֵן. בְּרַם הָכָא אֵינוֹ בְגוּפוֹ.

Rebbi Jonah said, Rebbi Hoshaiah asked: What is the difference between this and worms in peas, squash bugs in sweet vetch, worms in dates and dried figs? There, they are in their bodies; here it is not in its body.

הָדֵין צִירָא מוּרִיֵיסָא עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַצְלִיל שָׁרֵי. מִדְּהוּא צָלִיל אָסוּר.

Muries sauce, if it is not clear, is permitted; if it is clear it is forbidden.

דַּם שֶׁעַל הַכִּכָּר גּוֹרְדוֹ וְאוֹכְלוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה מִבֵּין שִׁינָּיו אוֹכְלוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. שֶׁקֶץ שֶׁבְּזִיזִין וּזְבוּבִין וּבַהֲגָזִין וּבִשְׁקָצִים וּבִרְמָשִׂים יָכוֹל בִּזְמָן שֶׁהָוּא בְּפֵירִי. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר טְמֵאִים הֵן בִּזְמָן שֶׁהֵן בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְלֹא בִּזְמָן שֶׁהֵן בְּפֵירִי. יָכוֹל אֲפִילוּ יָצְאוּ וְחָזְרוּ. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר טְמֵאִים הֵם וַאֲפִילוּ יָצְאוּ וְחָזְרוּ. רַב חִיָיה בַּר אַשִּׁי בְשֵׁם רַב אֲפִילוּ יָצְאוּ עַל שְׂפַת אוֹכֶל וְחָזְרוּ הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין.

Blood on a loaf of bread one shaves off and eats [the bread]. If it came from between his teeth he eats and does not worry. The abominations among mites, flies, wild bees, abominations and crawling things, I might think [that they are forbidden] while they are inside the fruit, the verse says ( Lev. 11:26, 27, 28): “They are impure,” when they exist independently rather than inside the fruit. I might think, even if they left and returned; the verse says “they are impure,” even if they left and returned. Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi in the name of Rav: As soon as they reach the rim of the food they are forbidden even if they return.

אַבָּא בַּר רַב הוּנָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּהֵמָה וּמָצָא בָהּ חֲזִיר מוּתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה. רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה. מַה טַעֲמָא בְּהֵמָה בַּבְּהֵמָה תֹאכֵלוּ. וְלֹא עוֹף בַּבְּהֵמָה תֹאכֵלוּ. וְלֹא שֶׁקֶץ בָּאֲכִילָה.

Abba bar Rav Ḥuna in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: He who slaughters an animal and found in it a pig may eat it. Rebbi Jonah said, it is forbidden to eat, what is the reason? An animal ( Lev. 11:3) “inside an animal you may eat.” You should not eat a bird inside an animal and not an abomination inside an animal.

וְלֹא סוֹף דָּבָר פִּישְׁפֵּשׁ אֶלָּא כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁנַּפְשׁוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם חַתָּה מִמֶּנּוּ.

Not only a bed bug, but everything a person is afraid of.

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: הָיָה אוֹכֵל בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל וְנִכְנַס מִן הַגִּינָּה לֶחָצֵר. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר יִגְמוֹר וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר לֹא יִגְמוֹר. חֲשֵׁיכָה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר יִגְמוֹר וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר לֹא יִגְמוֹר.

MISHNAH: If he was eating a bunch of grapes and entered from the garden into the courtyard. Rebbi Eliezer said, he should finish, but Rebbi Joshua said, he should not finish. If it got dark on Sabbath eve, Rebbi Eliezer said, he should finish, but Rebbi Joshua said, he should not finish.

Halakhah

הלכה: תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בֶחָצֵר נוֹטֵל אֶת כָּל הָאֶשְכּוֹל. וְכֵן בָּרִימּוֹן וְכֵן בָּאֲבַטִּיחַ דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רִבִּי זְעִירָא רִבִּי חִיָיה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אוֹמֵר רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן כְּרִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. אוֹמֵר רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן עוֹשֶׂה קְצִיעַת הָאוֹכֶל כִּתְחִילָּתוֹ. רִבִּי אִילָּא רִבִּי יָסָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אוֹ רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן כְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹ רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן עוֹשֶׂה אֲכִילָה אַחַת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ שְׁתַּיִם וְשָׁלֹשׁ אֲכִילוֹת כַּאֲכִילָה אַחַת. מַה טַעֲמָא דְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהִתְחִיל בּוֹ בְהֵיתֵר. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי נָתַן אוֹמֵר. לֹא שֶׁאָמַר רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהִתְחִיל בּוֹ בְהֵיתֵר. אֶלָּא שֶׁרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר יַמְתִּין עַד מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת אוֹ עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא חוּץ לֶחָצֵר וְיִגְמוֹר.

HALAKHAH: There, we have stated: “If a vine is planted in the courtyard, one may take an entire bunch, and similarly for pomegranate and water melon, the words of Rebbi Ṭarphon.” Rebbi Zeïra, Rebbi Ḥiyya, in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Rebbi Ṭarphon says following Rebbi Eliezer. Rebbi Ṭarphon says, one makes the cut of food equal to its start. Rebbi Illa, Rebbi Assi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Either Rebbi Ṭarphon follows Rebbi Eliezer or Rebbi Ṭarphon makes a meal consisting of two or three snacks equal to one snack. What is the reason of Rebbi Eliezer? Because he started with permission. It was stated: “Rebbi Nathan said, not that Rebbi Eliezer said because he started with permission but Rebbi Eliezer holds he should wait until the end of the Sabbath or he should leave the courtyard again and finish.”

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY