ShekalimAll 39 tractates of the Yerushalmi open with Premium, from $2.60 a month.Become a premium member

The Jerusalem Talmud

שקלים ז׳Shekalim 7

Perek 7 of 8 in Shekalim — 3 halakhot

Checking for audio…

Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: מָעוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בֵּין שְׁקָלִים לִנְדָבָה קָרוֹב לַשְּׁקָלִים יִפָּלוּ לַשְּׁקָלִים לַנְּדָבָה יִפְּלוּ לַנְּדָבָה מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה יִפְּלוּ לַנְּדָבָה. בֵּין עֵצִים לִלְבוֹנָה קָרוֹב לָעֵצִים יִפְּלוּ לָעֵצִים לַלְּבוֹנָה יִפְּלוּ לַלְּבוֹנָה מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה יִפְּלוּ לַלְּבוֹנָה. בֵּין קִנִּים לְגוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה קָרוֹב לַקִּנִּים יִפְּלוּ לַקִּינִּים לְגוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה יִפְּלוּ לְגוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה יִפְּלוּ לְגוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה. בֵּין חוּלִּין לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי קָרוֹב לַחוּלִּין יִפְּלוּ לַחוּלִּין לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי יִפְּלוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה יִפְּלוּ לְמָעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. זֶה הַכְּלָל הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַקָּרוֹב מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה לְהַחְמִיר:

MISHNAH: Coins which are found between the sheqalim and the voluntary gifts, if closer to sheqalim they have to be given to sheqalim, closer to voluntary gifts to voluntary gifts; in the middle they have to be given to voluntary gifts. Between wood and incense, if closer to wood they have to be given to wood, closer to incense to incense; in the middle they have to be given to incense. Between nests and young birds for elevation sacrifices, if closer to nests they have to be given to nests, closer to young birds for elevation sacrifices to young birds for elevation sacrifices; in the middle they have to be given to young birds for elevation sacrifices. Between profane money and Second Tithe \4, if closer to profane money they have to be given to profane money, closer to Second Tithe to Second Tithe; in the middle they have to be given to Second Tithe. This is the principle: one follows proximity; in the middle one is stringent.

Halakhah

הלכה: מָעוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בֵּין שְׁקָלִים לִנְדָבָה כול׳. לָא צוֹרְכָה דְלָא בֵין שְׁקָלִים לִקִינִּים. רִבִּי אָבוּן בְשֵׁם רִבִּי פִינְחָס. כְּמִין כּוֹכְלִיַים הָיוּ עֲשׂוּיִין. לָא צוֹרְכָה דְלָא מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה יִפְּלוּ לִשְׁקָלִים. אִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר. שֶׁמָּא יִפְּלוּ לְשִׂיֵּרֵי הַלִּשְׁכָּה. אִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה כְּמִי שֶׁמֵּת. אָמַר רִבִּי יָסָא. עַד דַּאֲנָא תַמָּן שְׁמָעִית קָל רַב יְהוּדָה שְׁאַל לִשְׁמוּאֵל. הִפְרִישׁ שִׁקְלוֹ וָמֵת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. יִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה. עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה שֶׁלּוֹ. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. יוֹלִיכֵם לְיַם הַמֶּלַח. רִבִּי לָעְזָר אָמַר. יִפְּלוּ לִנְדָבָה.

HALAKHAH: “Coins which are found between the sheqalim and the voluntary gifts,” etc. It would only be necessary between sheqalim and nests! They were arranged like a snail. Would it not be necessary that it be given to sheqalim? Some want to say, maybe they would remain with the excess of the lodge. Some want to say, in the middle it is as if he died. Rebbi Yasa said, when I still was there, I heard the voice of Rav Jehudah asking Samuel, if somebody had set his sheqel apart and died? He told him, they shall fall to the gift account. The excess of his tenth of an ephah, Rebbi Joḥanan said, one shall bring them to the Dead Sea. Rebbi Eleazar said, it shall fall to the gift account.

וְקַשְׁיָא. וְיֵשׁ חַטָּאת קְרֵיבָה עוֹלָה. רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה אֲחִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. תְּנַיי בֵית דִּין הוּא עַל הַמּוֹתָרוֹת שֶׁיִּקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת. הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת בַּמֶּה הִיא מִתְכַּפֶּרֶת. אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק. תְּנַיי בֵית דִּין הוּא. הַמְסַפֵּק אֶת הַקִּינִּים הוּא מְסַפְּק אֶת הַפְּסוּלוֹת. לָא צוֹרְכָא דְלָא בֵין קְטוֹרֶת לָעֵצִים לִלְבוֹנָה לְזָהָב לַכַּפּוֹרֶת. וְתַנִּיתָהּ בְּסוֹפָהּ. הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הַקָּרוֹב מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה לְהַחְמִיר.

And it is difficult. May purification offering be brought as elevation offering? Rebbi Ḥizqiah (brother) in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: It is a stipulation of the Court that the excesses be brought as elevation sacrifices. By what is that woman atoned for? Rebbi Isaac said, it is a stipulation of the Court that the providers of nests also provide the disqualified ones. Would it not also be necessary between incense and wood, and frankincense, and gold for the cover? As it is stated at the end, “one follows nearness; in the middle one is stringent.”

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: מָעוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ לִפְנֵי סוֹחֲרֵי בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹלָם מַעֲשֵׂר. וּבְהַר הַבַּיִת חוּלִּין. וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם בִשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה חוּלִּין וּבִשְׁעַת הָרֶגֶל הַכֹּל מַעֲשֵׂר. בָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָּעֲזָרָה אֵיבָרִים עוֹלוֹת. וַחֲתִיכוֹת חַטָּאוֹת. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים. זֶה וָזֶה תְּעוּבַּר צוּרָתוֹ וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּרֵפָה. נִמְצָא בַּגְּבוּלִין אֵיבָרִים נְבֵילוֹת וַחֲתִיכוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. וּבִשְׁעַת הָרֶגֶל שֶׁהַבָּשָׂר מְרוּבֶּה אַף אֵיבָרִין מוּתָּרוֹת:

MISHNAH: Coins found near vendors of animals always are Tithe money. On the Temple Mount, profane. In Jerusalem, during the remainder of the year they are profane, during the holidays everything is Second Tithe. Of meat found in the Temple courtyard, limbs are elevation sacrifices and cuts purification sacrifices; in Jerusalem well-being sacrifices. In either case it has to lose its shape and be taken out to be disposed of by burning. If it was found in the countryside, limbs are carrion, cuts are permitted. On holidays, when meat is abundant, even limbs are permitted.

Halakhah

הלכה: לָא צוֹרְכָה דְלָא בְּהַר הַבַּיַת קוֹדֶשׁ. רִבִּי בָּא רִבִּי חִיָיה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. חַזָּקָה שֶׁאֵין הַכֹּהֵן מוֹצִיא מִן הִַלִּישְׁכָּה מָעוֹת עַד שֶׁהוּא מְחַלְלָן עַל הַבְּהֵמָה.

HALAKHAH: Would it not be necessarily holy on the Temple Mount? Rebbi Abba, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: There is a presumption that no Cohen will remove money from the lodge unless it is redeemed by an animal.

רִבִּי לָעְזָר בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. הִסִּיעַ דַּעַת טָעוֹן צוּרָה. אָמַר רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָה. מַתְנִיתָה אָמְרָה כֵן. תְּעוּבַּר צוּרָתוֹ וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּרֵפָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וְיֵאוּת. לְאוֹכְלוֹ אֵין אַתְּ יָכוֹל שֶׁמָּא נִתְקַלקְלָה צוּרָתוֹ. לְפוּם כֵן צָרַךְ מֵימַר. תְּעוּבַּר צוּרָתוֹ וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּרֵפָה.

Rebbi Eleazar in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: Diversion of attention requires {loss of} shape. Rav Hoshaia said, the Mishnah says so, “it has to lose its shape and be taken out to be disposed of by burning.” Rebbi Yose says, this is correct. You may not eat it for maybe its shape already is lost. <you may not burn it for maybe its shape is not lost> Therefore it had to say, “it has to lose its shape and be taken out to be disposed of by burning”.

רִבִּי קְרִיסְפָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּרִבִּי חֲנֵיִנָה. אֵיבָרִים נְבֵילוֹת לוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֵן מִשֵּׁם נְבֵילָה. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. אֵיבָרִים נְבֵלוֹת וַחֲתִיכוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. חֲתִיכוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת לֹא מַמָּשׁ. וְדִכְוָותָהּ אֵיבָרִים נְבֵילוֹת לוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֵן מִשֵּׁם נְבֵילָה.

Rebbi Crispus in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina: One flogs for carrion limbs because of carrion31; and the Mishnah says so: “limbs are carrion, cuts are permitted.” Are cuts not really permitted? And similarly, one flogs for carrion limbs because of carrion.

רִבִּי קְרִיסְפָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה. אִם הָיוּ מְחָרוֹזוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. תַּשַׁע חֲנוּיוֹת מוֹכְרוֹת בְּשַׂר נְבֵילָה וְאַחַת מוֹכֶרֶת בְּשַׂר שְׁחוּטָה נִתְחַלְּפוּ לוֹ. חוֹשֵׁשׁ. וְלַנִּמְצֵאת הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרוֹב. תַּשַׁע חֲנוּיוֹת מוֹכְרוֹת בְּשַׂר שְׁחוּטָה וְאַחַת מוֹכֶרֶת בְּשַׂר נְבֵילָה נִתְחַלְּפוּ לוֹ. חוֹשֵׁשׁ. וְלַנִּמְצֵאת הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרוֹב.

Rebbi Crispus in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina: If they were strung they are permitted. Ten stores, nine sell carrion and one sells kosher slaughtered meat, if it was switched, he worries. For what is found, one follows the majority. Ten stores, nine sell kosher slaughtered meat and one sells carrion, if it was switched, he worries. For what is found, one follows the majority.

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַנִּמְצָא בְיַד גּוֹי כְּנִמְצָא בַפַּלַּטְיָא. רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֵּירִבִּי חַגַּיי הֲוָה מְסַמֵּךְ לְרִבִּי מָנָא. חֲמָא לְחַד אֲרָמַאי מְקַטֵּעַ מִן סוּסֵיהּ וּמַפִּיק לִבְרָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. הָדָא הִיא דְאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַנִּמְצָא בְיַד גּוֹי כְּנִמְצָא בַפַּלַּטְיָא. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כֵּן אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי רִבִּי. וְהֵן שֶׂרָאוּ אוֹתוֹ יוֹצֵא מִמַּקֻּילִין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. חַד בַּר נַשׁ בְּצִיפּוֹרִין אֲזַל בָּעֵי מִיזְבוֹן קוּפָּד מִן טַבְּחָא וְלָא יְהַב לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַד רוֹמַיי וְאַיְיתִי לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לָא נָסְבִּית עַל כָּרְחֵיהּ. אֲמַר. וְלָאו בְּשַׂר דִּנְבֵילָה יְהָבִית לֵיהּ. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. מַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רִבִּי וְאָמַר. לָא כוּלָּא מִינֵּיהּ מֵיסּוֹר מַקֻּילִין דְּצִיפּוֹרִין.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, what is in the hand of a Gentile is as found on a thoroughfare. Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Ḥaggai was supporting Rebbi Mana. He saw an Aramean cutting from his horse and feeding his son. He said to him, that is what Rebbi Joḥanan said, what is in the hand of a Gentile is as found on a thoroughfare. He answered him, so said the great Rebbi Yose: Only if they saw him leaving a Jewish butcher shop. A man in Sepphoris went and wanted to buy red meat from a butcher, but he did not give to him. He told a Roman, who brought him. He said to him, did I not buy against your will? He retorted, did I not give carrion to him? Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: A case came before Rebbi who said, it is not believable to forbid the butcher shop of Sepphoris.

רַב נְחַת לְתַמָּן. חַמְתּוֹן מֵקִילוֹן וַחֲמַר עֲלֵיהוֹן. חַד בַּר נַשׁ אֲזַל בָּעֵי מְשִׁיגָּה אֵסְקוֹפְתֵּיהּ בְּגַו נַהֲרָא וְאִינְשִׁתָהּ וַאֲזַל לֵיהּ. חֲזַר בָּעֵי מִיסְבִינֵהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב. אָסִוּר לָךְ. דָּנָא אֲמַר. הַהִיא שְׁטַף נַהֲרָא וְאַיְיתִי חוּרִי דִנְבֵילָה תוֹחְתּוֹי. חַד בַּר נַשׁ הֲוָה מְהַלֵּךְ בְּשׁוּקָא טָעִין קוּפָּד. אֲתַא דַיְיתָא וַחֲטַפְתֵּיהּ מִינֵיהּ וּטְלַקְתֵּיהּ. חֲזַר בָּעֵי מִיסְבִינֵהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב. אֲסִיר לָךְ. דָּנָא אֲמַר. בָּשָׂר דִּנְבֵילָה הֲוָות טְעִינָה וּטְלַקְתֵּיהּ וְנָסְבָת הַהוּא אוֹחְרָנָא.

Rav returned there and saw them taking things lightly and was restrictive with them. A man went to wash a piece of meat in the river. He forgot it and left. Then he went and wanted to sell it. Rav told him, it is forbidden to you, for I am saying the other one was carried away by the river and it brought another piece of carcass meat in its place. A man was carrying meat while walking on the market. There came a vulture, seized it from his hand, and dropped it off. He came back and wanted to sell it. Rav told him, it is forbidden to you, for I am saying that it was carrying carcass meat, dropped it and took the other instead.

גִּינַאי שְׁטַף זִיקִין. אֲתַא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר אֶלְעָזָר וְאָמַר. יַחְכְּמוֹן שְׁפַיָיא קִיטְרֵיהוֹן.

Ginai swept away wineskins. The case came before Rebbi Isaac ben Eleazar who said, may the vintners recognize their knots.

נוּקְנִיקָה אִישְׁתַּכַּח בִּכְנִישְׁתָּא דְבוּלֵי. אֲתַא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. אָמַר. יַחְכְּמוֹן סִיקִיָירִיָּא עֲבִידְתֵּהוֹן.

A sausage was found in the meeting room of the town council. The case came before Rebbi Jeremiah who said, may the butchers recognize their handiwork.

גְּדִי צְלִי אִישְׁתַּכַּח בְּאִיסְרָטָא דְגוּפְתָּא. וְהִתִּירוּהוּ מִשֵּׁם שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה וּמִשֵּׁם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה. דְּתַנֵּי. הַמַּצִּיל מִיַּד הָאֲרִי מִיַּד הַגַּיִיס מִשּׁוּנַת הַיָּם וּמִשּׁוּנַת הַנָּהָר וּמֵאיסְרַטְיָא גְדוֹלָה וּמִפַּלַּטְיָא גְדוֹלָה הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ שֶׁלּוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים מִתְיַיאֲשִׁין מֵהֶן. מִשֵּׁם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשֵׁם שְׁחִיטַת הַגּוֹי. וְאִישְּׁתַּכַּח מִן דְּבֵית רִבִּי.

A roast kid goat was found in the main street of Gufta. They permitted it because of two things, as a find, and because of the majority of passers-by. As a find, as it was stated: If one saves from before a lion, from before an army, from a surge of the sea, or the surge of a river, from a wide road, or a wide plaza, it belongs to him, since the owners give up on them. Because of the majority of passers-by, because of a Gentile’s slaughter. It turned out that it was from the House of Rebbi.

עִיגוּל דְּגוּבְנָא אִישְׁתַּכַּח בְּפוּנְדָּקָא דְּלֵוִי. וְהִתִּירוּהוּ מִשֵּׁם שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה וּמִשֵּׁם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה. דְּתַנֵּי. הַמַּצִּיל מִיַּד הַגַּיִיס מִיַּד הָאֲרִי מִשּׁוּנַת הַיָּם מִשּׁוּנַת הַנָּהָר מֵאִיסְטְרַטְיָה גְדוֹלָה וּמִפַּלַּטְיָא גְדוֹלָה הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ שֶׁלּוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים מִתְיַיאֲשִׁין מֵהֶן. מִשּׁוּם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשּׁוּם גְּבִינַת גּוֹי. וְאִישְּׁתַּכַּח מִן דְּרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי.

A wheel of cheese was found in the hostelry of Levi. They permitted it because of two things, as a find, and because of the majority of passers-by. As a find, as it was stated: If one saves from before a lion, from before an army, from a surge of the sea, or the surge of a river, from a wide road, or a wide plaza, it belongs to him, since the owners give up on them. Because of the majority of passers-by, because of Gentile’s cheese. It turned out that it was from Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Yose.

אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וַאֲנָן חָמְיָין רַבָּנִן מַכְרִזִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. [אִין אַתְּ] הֲוִויתָה מַשְׁכַּח לָא נָסְבָת. רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָבוּךְ לֹֹא אָמַר כֵּן אֶלָּא אָמַר. הַלְּוַאי כַּד נַשְׁכַּח נַשְׁכַּח מִן פִיּוֹסְרוֹס וּלְגֵיו. אֲפִילוּ כֵן אַשְׁכַּח וְלָא נְסַב.

Rebbi Mana said before Rebbi Yose, but do we not see that the rabbis publicize? He told him, if you had been there, you would not have taken it. Your father, Rebbi Jonah, did not say so, but he said, if only I would find it inside from the circular road. Even so, he found and did not take.

Become a premium member

Or start free — a free account opens your first 5 gematria searches in full. Create free account

The daily learning is free on your account, every day.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY