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The Jerusalem Talmud

נדרים ב׳Nedarim 2

Perek 2 of 11 in Nedarim — 5 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: אֵילּוּ נְדָרִים מוּתָּרִין חוּלִין שֶׁאוֹכַל לָךְ כַּבְּשַׂר חֲזִיר כַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כַּנְּבֵילוֹת כַּטְּרֵיפוֹת כַּשְּׁקָצִים כָּרְמָשִׂים כְּחַלַּת אַהֲרֹן וְכִתְרוּמָתוֹ מוּתָּר. הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי כְּאִימָּא פּוֹתְחִין לוֹ פֶּתַח מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא יָקֵל רֹאשׁוֹ לְכָךְ. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי מְשַׁמְּשֵׁךְ הֲרֵי זֶה בְּלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר שֶׁאֵינִי מְהַלֵּךְ אָסוּר.

MISHNAH: The following vows are permitted: Profane I would eat with you; like pork, like idolatry, like carcasses, like meat from a torn animal, like abominations, like crawling things, like Aaron’s ḥallah and his heave, are permitted. One who says to his wife, you are for me like my mother, one finds for him an opening from another place that he should not be flippant about this. A qônām that I shall not sleep, that I shall not speak, that I shall not walk, or one who says to his wife, a qônām that I shall not sleep with you, he is under the obligation “he shall not profanate his word.” An oath that I shall not sleep, that I shall not speak, that I shall not walk, he is forbidden.

Halakhah

הלכה: אֵילּוּ נְדָרִים מוּתָּרִין כול׳. לַיי. אֵין אָדָם אוֹסֵר עָלָיו דָּבָר אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא לַיי. תַּנֵּי דְבֵית רַב פְּלִיג. מְנַיִין לִנְדָרִים שֶׁהֵן מוּתָּרִין לָךְ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבְנֵי אָדָם נוֹהֲגִין בָּהֶן בְּאִיסּוּר שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא נוֹדֵר וּמְבַטֵּל. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה דְבָרָיו חוּלִין. הֲווֹן בָּעֵיי מֵימַר. כְּגוֹן הַקָּרְבָּן בִּשְׁבוּעָה. הָא בִשְׁאָר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים לֹא. אָתָא מֵימַר לָךְ. אֲפִילוּ בִשְׁאָר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים. לֶאְסוֹר אִסָּר עַל נַפְשׁוֹ. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. עַל נַפְשׁוֹ לֹא עַל אֲחֵרִים. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. אֲפִילוּ עַל אֲחֵרִים. הֲווֹן בָּעֵי מֵימַר. מָאן דָּמַר. עַל נַפְשׁוֹ לֹא עַל אֲחֵרִים. לוֹסַר נְכָסָיו שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים. וּמָאן דָּמַר. אֲפִילוּ עַל אֲחֵרִים. לוֹסַר נְכָסָיו עַל אֲחֵרִים. הָא נִיכְסֵי אֲחֵרִים עָלָיו לֹא.

HALAKHAH: “The following vows are permitted,” etc. “To the Eternal”, nobody can forbid anything on himself unless it could be given to the Eternal. What is stated in the House of Rav disagrees: “From where that one may not make and dissolve vows which are dissolved for you from Heaven but people consider them as binding? The verse says, ‘he shall not profanate his word.’ He should not make his words profane.” They wanted to say, for example using “ qorbān” or “oath”; but in all other respects it would be permitted. It comes to tell you, also all other respects. “To prohibit a prohibition on himself”. There are Tannaїm who state: on himself, not on others. There are Tannaїm who state: even on others. They wanted to say that he who says on himself, not on others, to forbid others’ property, but he who says even on others, to forbid his own property for others, but not the property of others for himself.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ הֲרֵי אַתְּ עָלַי כְּאִימָּא. בִּיאָתֵךְ עָלַי כְּבִיאַת אִימָּא. כִּבְשַׂר אִימָּא. לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. אָמַר הַכִּכָּר הַזֶּה עָלַי כְּבִיאַת אִימָּא. מָהוּ. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ. קוֹנָם אֵינִי מְשַׁמְּשֵׁיךְ. רַב אָמַר. אָסוּר. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. מוּתָּר. מַה מְקַיֵים שְׁמוּאֵל בְּלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. כְּאִילּוּ בַּל יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. רַב כְּדַעְתֵּיהּ. תַּנָּיֵי דְבֵית רַב פְּלִיג. מְנַיִין לִנְדָרִים שֶׁהֵן מוּתָּרִין לָךְ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבְנֵי אָדָם נוֹהֲגִין בָּהֶן בְּאִיסּוּר כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא נוֹדֵר וּמְבַטֵּל. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה דְבָרָיו חוּלִין.

“One who says to his wife, you are for me like my mother”. Your cohabitation is for me like cohabitation with my mother, like my mother’s flesh; he did not say anything. If he said, this loaf is for me like cohabitation with my mother, what? Let us hear from the following: A qônām that I shall not sleep with you, Rav says, he is forbidden, Samuel says he is permitted. How does Samuel uphold “he shall not profanate his word”? As if he shall not profanate his word. Rav sticks with his opinion: The Tannaїm in the House of Rav disagree: “From where that one may not make and dissolve vows which are dissolved for you from Heaven but people consider them as binding? The verse says, ‘he shall not profanate his word.’ He should not make his words profane.”

שְׁבוּעָה שֶלֹּא אִישָׁן שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ וְיָשֵׁן מִיַּד. שְׁבוּעָה שֶלֹּא אוֹכַל שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים. מַמְתִינִין אוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל וּמַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ.

“An oath that I shall not sleep for three days,” one whips him and he can sleep immediately. “An oath that I shall not eat for three days,” one waits until he eats and then whips him.

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: קָרְבָּן לֹא אוֹכַל לָךְ וְקָרְבָּן שֶׁאוֹכַל לָךְ לֹא קָרְבָּן לֹא אוֹכַל לָךְ מוּתָּר. שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אוֹכַל לָךְ שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאוֹכַל לָךְ לֹא שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אוֹכַל לָךְ אָסוּר. זֶה חוֹמֶר בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מִבַּנְּדָרִים. וְחוֹמֶר בַּנְּדָרִים מִבַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת. כֵּיצַד אָמַר קוֹנָם סוּכָּה שֶׁאֵינִי עוֹשֶׂה לוּלָב שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹטֵל. תְּפִילִין שֶׁאֵינִי נוֹתֵן בַּנְּדָרִים אָסוּר בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מוּתָּר. שֶׁאֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין לַעֲבוֹר עַל הַמִּצְוֹת.

MISHNAH: Qorbān [shall be] what I shall not eat at your place, or qorbān [shall be] what I shall eat from you, no qorbān [shall be] what I shall not eat from you; he is permitted. An oath that I shall not eat at your place, an oath that I shall eat from you, no oath that I shall not eat from you; he is forbidden. That is more restrictive for oaths than for vows. What is more restrictive for vows than for oaths? If he said qônām that I shall not make a sukkah, that I shall not take a lulab, that I shall not put on phylacteries, as a vow he is forbidden, as an oath he is permitted since one cannot swear to transgress commandments.

Halakhah

הלכה: קָרְבָּן לֹא אוֹכַל לָךְ כול׳. וְלָמָּה לֹא תַנִּינָן. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁלֹּא אוֹכַל לָךְ. מוּתָּר. אֶלָּא בְגִין דְּתַנִינָן. חוֹמֶר בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מִבַּנְּדָרִים. וְסָבְרִנָן מֵימַר. שְׁבוּעָה לֹא אוֹכַל לָךְ. דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים אָסוּר. לְפוּם כֵּן לֹא תַנִּינָן.

HALAKHAH: “ Qorbān [shall be] what I shall not eat at your place,” etc. Why did we not state: An oath that I shall eat from you, he is permitted? Only because we stated: “That is more restrictive for oaths than for vows.” We wanted to say about “an oath that I shall not eat of yours,” that the words of the Sages are: he is forbidden. Therefore it was not stated.

הֲרֵי הוּא קָרְבָּן. הֲרֵי הוּא לַקָּרְבָּן. הֲרֵי הוּא כְקָרְבָּן. מוּתָּר. הֲרֵי הוּא שְׁבוּעָה. הֲרֵי הוּא לַשְּׁבוּעָה. הֲרֵי הוּא כִשְׁבוּעָה. אָסוּר.

“That is a sacrifice, that is for a sacrifice, that is like a sacrifice,” is permitted. “That is an oath, that is for an oath, that is like an oath,” is forbidden.

זֶה חוֹמֶר בַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת מִבַּנְּדָרִים. וְחוֹמֶר בַּנְּדָרִים מִבַּשְּׁבוּעוֹת. כֵּיצַד. אוֹ נֶפֶשׁ כִּי תִשָּׁבַע לְבַטֵּא בִשְׂפָתַיִם לְהָרַע אוֹ לְהֵ[י]טִיב. מַה הַטָּבָה רְשׁוּת אַף הָרָעָה רְשׁוּת. יָצָא דָבָר שֶׁלְּאִיסּוּר בַּדָּבָר שֶׁל מִצְוָה. הֲווֹן בָּעֵיי מֵימַר. שׁוֹגֵג. הָא הַמֵּזִיד לֹא. אַשְׁכָּח תַּנֵּי. רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר. כְּכָל הַיּוֹצֵא מִפִּיו יַעֲשֶׂה. לֹא הַיּוֹצֵא מִפִּי שָׁמַיִם. וָמַר. אַף בְּהֶקְדֵּשׁ כֵּן. רִבִּי יוֹסֵה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הִילָא. שֶׁכֵּן אָדָם מַקְדִּישׁ סוֹכָּתוֹ לַשָׁמַיִם.

“That is more restrictive for oaths than for vows. What is more restrictive for vows than for oaths?” “Or a person who swears to lightly express with his lips for bad or for good.” Just as doing good is a matter of choice, so doing bad is a matter of choice; that excludes any prohibition which is a commandment. They wanted to say, inadvertently, but not intentionally. It was found stated: Rebbi Ismael says, “ anything that comes out of his mouth he shall do,” not what comes out of Heaven’s mouth. Should we say that this is the same for vows of sanctification? Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Hila: For a man may vow his sukkah to Heaven.

…and 1 more halakhah in this perek.

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY