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The Jerusalem Talmud

קידושין ד׳Kiddushin 4

Perek 4 of 4 in Kiddushin — 12 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: עֲשָׂרָה יוֹחֲסִין עָלוּ מִבָּבֶל כַּהֲנֵי לְוִיֵּי יִשְׂרְאֵלֵי חֲלָלֵי גֵּירֵי וַחֲרוּרֵי מַמְזֵירֵי וּנְתִינֵי שְׁתוּקֵי וַאֲסוּפֵי. כַּהֲנֵי לְוִיֵּי וְיִשְׂרְאֵלֵי מוּתָּרִין לָבוֹא זֶה בָזֶה. לְוִיֵּי וְיִשְׂרְאֵלֵי גֵּירֵי וַחֲרוּרֵי וַחֲלָלֵי מוּתָּרִין לָבוֹא זֶה בָזֶה. גֵּירֵי וַחֲרוּרֵי וּמַמְזֵירֵי נְתִינֵי שְׁתוּקֵי וַאֲסוּפֵי מוּתָּרִין לָבוֹא זֶה בָזֶה.

MISHNAH: Ten marriage classes returned from Babylonia: Priests, Levites, Israel, desecrated priests, proselytes, freedmen, bastards, dedicated ones, silenced ones, foundlings. Priests, Levites, and Israel are permitted to marry one another. Levites, Israel, proselytes, freedmen, and desecrated priests are permitted to marry one another. Proselytes, freedmen, bastards, silenced ones, and foundlings are permitted to marry one another.

Halakhah

הלכה: עֲשָׂרָה יוֹחֲסִין עָלוּ מִבָּבֶל כול׳. כַּהֲנֵי לְוִיֵּי וְיִשְׂרְאֵלֵי. עַל שֵׁם וַיַּעֲלוּ מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִן הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם וְהַמְשָׁרְתִים וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִים וְהַנְּתִינִים אֶל יְרוּשָׁלָםִ בִּשְׁנַת שֶׁבַע לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא הַמֶּלֶךְ.

HALAKHAH: “Ten marriage classes returned from Babylonia,” etc. Priests, Levites, and Israel, as described: “There came of the Children of Israel, and of the priests, the Levites, both the servants and the doorkeepers, and the Temple slaves, to Jerusalem in the seventh year of king Artaxerxes.”

חֲלָלֵי. עַל שֵׁם וּמִבְּנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי חֲבַיָּה בְּנֵי הַקּוֹץ אֵלֶּה בִּקְשׁוּ כְתָבָם הַמִּתְיַיחֲשִׂים וְלֹא נִמְצָאוּ וַיְגוֹאֲלוּ מִן הַכְּהוּנָּה. וַיֹּאמֶר הַתִּרְשָׁתָא לָהֶם. וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ הַתִּרְשָׁתָא. שֶׁהִתִּירוּ לוֹ לִשְׁתוֹת בַּיַּיִן. הַתִּרְשָׁתָא. וַאֲנִי הָיִיתִי מַשְׁקֶה לַמֶּלֶךְ. אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֹאכְלוּ מִקָּדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים. הָא בְקָדְשֵׁי הַגְּבוּל יֹאכֵלוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. גְּדוֹלָה הִיא הַחֲזָקָה. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּחְזְקוּ שָׁם לִהְיוֹת אוֹכְלִין אַף כָּאן אוֹכְלִין. נִיחָא תַּמָּן דִּכְתִיב הַצִּיבִי לָךְ צִיּוּנִים. הָכָא מָה אִית לָךְ. כְּמָאן דְּאָמַר. מֵאֵילֵיהֶן קִיבְּלוּ אֶת הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת. עַד עֲמוֹד כֹּהֵן לְאוּרִים וְתוּמִּים. וְכִי אוּרִים וְתוּמִּים הָיוּ בְאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה בַּבַיִת שֵׁנִי. אֶלָּא כְאָדָם שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר. עַד שֶׁיִּחְיוּ הַמֵּתִים. עַד שֶׁיָּבוֹא בֶּן דָּוִד.

“Desecrated priest.” Following “from the sons of Cohanim, the family Ḥavaya, the family Haqqoṣ... they tried to find their genealogical documents; but they were not found and they were freed from priesthood. And the tiršata told them.” Why was he called hattiršata? Because they permitted him to drink of the wine. Hatiršata, “I was the king’s cup bearer.” “That they should not eat from what was dedicated as holy.” Therefore, from outside holy food they might eat? Rebbi Yose said, great is the permanence of the status quo ante Since they were used to eat there, they may also eat here. One understands there, as it is written: “Put up signposts for yourself.” What can one say here? Following him who said, they accepted tithes voluntarily. “Until a priest will be appointed for urim and tummim.” But were there any urim and tummim then, in the Second Temple? But [he is] like a person who says until the dead will be resurrected, until David’s son will come.

אִילֵּין בְּנוֹת בַּרְזִיליי לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם נִתְגַיירוּ אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם נִתְגַּיְירוּ. אִין תֵּימַר. לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם נִתְגַיירוּ. יֹאכְלוּ בְקָדְשֵׁי הַקָּדָשִׁים. וְאִין תֵּימַר. שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם נִתְגַיירוּ. אֲפִילוּ בְקָדְשֵׁי הַגְּבוּל לֹא יֹאכְלוּ. אֲפִילוּ תֵימַר. לְשׁוּם שָׁמַיִם נִתְגַיירוּ. וְגִיּוֹרֶת לֹא כְזוֹנָה הִיא אֶצֶל כְּהוּנָּה. פָּתַר לָהּ. לֹא הָיוּ בָנוֹת אֶלָּא בְּנוֹת בָּנוֹת. וְאִין מִבְּנוֹת בָּנוֹת כְּיִשְׂרָאֵל הֵם. וּכְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אָמַר. גִּיּוֹרֶת שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְירָה פָּחוֹת מִבַּת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. לֹא הָיָה בָהּ דַּעַת לִטְבּוֹל אוֹ מִשֶּׁהִטְבִּילָה אוֹתָהּ מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהִיא חוֹזֶרֶת וְטוֹבֶלֶת לְשֵׁם קְדוּשַּׁת יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּל אַחַת גִּיּוֹרֶת הִיא וְגִיּוֹרֶת כְּזוֹנָה הִיא אֶצֶל הַכְּהוּנָּה.

Did those daughters of Barzilai’s convert in the name of Heaven or not in the name of Heaven? If you say that they converted in the name of Heaven should not [their descendants] eat most holy sacrifices? But if you say that they converted not in the name of Heaven, then [their descendants] should not eat even outside sancta. Even if you say that they converted in the name of Heaven, is a female proselyte not like a prostitute for the priesthood? Explain it that they were not daughters but daughters of daughters. But if they were daughters of daughters, they are like Israel! But following Rebbi Simeon, since Rebbi Simeon said, a proselyte who converted at less that three years and one day of age. She had no intent to immerse herself but [her mother] immersed her, if then later she immerses herself for the holiness of Israel, each of them then becomes a proselyte and a proselyte is like a prostitute for the priesthood.

הַמִּתְגַּיֵיר לְשֵׁם אַהֲבָה וְכֵן אִישׁ מִפְּנֵי אִשָּׁה וְכֵן אִשָּׁה מִפְּנֵי אִישׁ וְכֵן גֵּירֵי שׁוּלְחַן מְלָכִים וְכֵן גֵּירֵי אֲרָיוֹת וְכֵן גֵּירֵי מָרְדְּכַי וְאֶסְתֵּר אֵין מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתָן. רַב אָמַר. הֲלָכָה גֵּרִים הֵן וְאֵין דּוֹחִין אוֹתָן כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁדּוֹחִין אֶת הַגֵּרִים תְּחִילָּה. אֲבָל מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתָן וּצְרִיכִין קֵירוּב פָּנִים שֶׁמָּא גִיְירוּ לְשֵׁם.

Any person who converts because of love, i. e., a man because of a woman or a woman because of a man, or proselytes of the king’s table, or lion proselytes, or the proselytes of Mordechai and Esther, one does not accept. Rav said, they are proselytes; one does not reject them in the way one has to reject proselytes from the start. But one accepts them; they need to be received in a friendly way; perhaps they became proselytes for God.

גֵּירֵי עַל שֵׁם וְכָל הַנִּבְדָּל מִטּוּמְאַת גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ אֲלֵיהֶם. חֲרוּרֵי עַל שֵׁם וְכָל הַנְּתִינִים וגו׳. מַמְזֵירֵי. אָמַר רִבִּי סִימוֹן. כְּתִיב. וְאֵלֶּה הָעוֹלִים מִתֵּל מֶלַח תֵּל חַרְשָׁא. מִתֵּל מֶלַח זוֹ בָּבֶל. תֵּל חַרְשָׁא אֵילּוּ שְׁתוּקֵי וָאֲסוּפֵי. כְּרוּב אֵילּוּ הַמַּמְזֵירִין. רוּבִּין אֵילּוּ שֶׁהִלְּכוּ אַחַר עֵינֵיהֶן. אַדּוֹן. שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים. אֵין דִּין וְאֵין אָדוֹן. רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה מַפִּיק לִישְׁנֵיהּ. אֵילּוּ שֶׁהִלְּכוּ אַחַר עֵינֵיהֶן וְאָמְרוּ. אֵין דִּין וְאֵין דַּיָין. וָאִימֵּר שֶׁהִימְּרוּ לָאֵל בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶן הָרָעִים. רִבִּי אַבּוּן בְשֵׁם רִבִּי פִינְחָס. פִּירְסְמוּ עַצְמָן כְּאִימְרָא בְחָלוּק. רִבִּי לֵוִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. רְאוּיִים הָיוּ לֵיעָשׂוֹת תֵּל מֶלַח אֶלָּא שֶׁשָּׁתְקָה לָהֶן מִידַּת הַדִּין. תֵּל חַרְשָׁא.

“Proselytes,” meaning “everyone who separated himself from the impurities of the peoples of the earth to join them.” Freedmen, as in “and all the Gibeonites, etc.” Bastards. Rebbi Simeon said, it is written: “And the following came up from Salt Hill, Ploughing Hill”. From Salt Hill, that is Babylon. Ploughing Hill refers to silenced ones and foundlings. Kerub means the bastards; the young are those who go after their eyes; Addon, for they were saying, there is no judgment and no Master. Rebbi Ḥizqiah changed the wording: These are those who went after their eyes and said, there is no judgment and no judge. And Immer, who rebelled against God by their evil deeds. Rebbi Abbun in the name of Rebbi Phineas: They publicized themselves like the seam of a garment. Rebbi Levi in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: They would have been worthy of being turned into a salt hill, but Divine justice was silent for them. Ploughing Hill.

תַּנֵּי. רִבִּי אִמִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. עַל שֵׁם וַיִּתְּנֵם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא חוֹטְבֵי עֵצִים וְשׁוֹאֲבֵי מַיִם לָעֵדָה. נִיחָא לָעֵדָה. וּלְמִזְבֵּחַ יי. אֶלָּא תְּלָיָין יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּדּוֹפָן. אָמַר. אֲנִי לֹא מְקָרְבָן וְלֹא מְרָחֲקָן. אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לִבְנוֹת אֶת בֵּית הַבְּחִירָה וְאֶת שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְקָרֵב יְקָרֵב לְרַחֵק יְרַחֵק. בָּא דָּוִד וְרִיחֲקָן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר. וְהַגִּבְעוֹנִים לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה. וְלָמָּה רִיחֲקָן. עַל שֵׁם וַיְהִי רָעָב בִּימֵי דָּוִד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים שָׁנָה אַחַר שָׁנָה. אָמַר דָּוִד. בָּעֲוֹן אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים הַגְּשָׁמִים נֶעֱצָרִים. בָּעֲוֹן עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְגִילּוּי עֲרָיוֹת וּשְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים וּפוֹסְקִין צְדָקָה בָּרַבִּים וְאֵינָן נוֹתְנִין. בָּעֲוֹן עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְנַיִין. הִשָּׁמְרוּ לָכֶם פֶּן יִפְתֶּה לְבַבְכֶם וגו׳. מַה כְתִיב בַּתְרֵיהּ. וְחָרָה אַף יי בָּכֶם וְעָצַר אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וגו׳. בָּעֲוֹן מְגַלֵּי עֲרָיוֹת מְנַיִין. וַתַּחֲנִיפִי אֶרֶץ בְּזִימּוֹתַיִיךְ וּבְרָעָתֵךְ. מַהוּ עוֹנְשׁוֹ שֶׁלְּדָבָר. וַיִּמָנְעוּ רְבִיבִים וּמַלְקוֹשׁ לֹא הָיָה וגו׳. בָּעֲוֹן שׁוֹפְכֵי דָמִים מְנַיִין. כִּי הַדָּם הוּא יַחֲנִיף אֶת הָאָרֶץ. בָּעֲוֹן פּוֹסְקֵי צְדָקָה בָּרַבִּים וְאֵינָן נוֹתְנִין מְנַיִין. נְשִׂיאִים וְרוּחַ וְגֶשֶׁם אָיִין אִישׁ מִתְהַלֵּל בְּמַתַּת שָׁקֶר. בָּדַק דָּוִד בְּכָל דּוֹרוֹ וְלֹא מָצָא אֶחָד מֵהֶן. הִתְחִיל שׁוֹאֵל בְּאוּרִים וְתוּמִּים. הָדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב וַיְבַקֵּשׁ דָּוִד אֶת פְּנֵי יי בְּאוּרִים וְתוּמִּים. אָמַר רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. כְּתִיב בַּקְּשׁוּ אֶת יי כָּל עַנְוֵי הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר מִשְׁפָּטוֹ פָּעָלוּ. מָהוּ אֲשֶׁר מִשְׁפָּטוֹ פָּעָלוּ. שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּפָעֳלוֹ כְּאַחַת. וַיֹּאמֶר יי עַל שָׁאוּל וְעַל בֵּית הַדָּמִים. עַל שָׁאוּל שֶׁלֹּא עֲשִׂיתֶם עִמּוֹ חֶסֶד. וְעַל בֵּית הַדָּמִים עַל אֲשֶׁר הֵמִית אֶת הַגִּבְעוֹנִים. שָׁלַח דָּוִד וְקָרָא לָהֶם. מַה לָכֶם וּלְבֵית שָׁאוּל. אָמְרִין לֵיהּ. עַל אֲשֶׁר הֵמִית מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁבְעָה אֲנָשִׁים. שְׁנֵי חוֹטְבֵי עֵצִים וּשְׁנֵי שׁוֹאֲבֵי מַיִם וַחַזָּן וְסוֹפֵר וְשַׁמָּשׁ. אֲמַר לוֹן. מָה אַתּוּן בְּעוּ כְדוֹן. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ. יוּתַּן לָנוּ שִׁבְעָה אֲנָשִׁים מִבָּנָיו וְהוֹקַעֲנוּם לַיי בְּגִבְעַת שָׁאוּל בְּחִיר יי. אָמַר לוֹן. וּמָה הֲנָיָיה לְכוֹן וְאִינּוּן מִתְקַטְּלִין. סְבוּ לְכוֹן כְּסַף וּדְהַב. וַהֲווֹן אָמְרִין. אֵין לָנוּ כֶסֶף עִם שָׁאוּל וְעִם בֵּיתוֹ. אָמַר. דִּילְמָא דְּאִינּוּן בְּהַתִּין פְּלָגוֹן מִן פְּלַג. נְסַב כָּל חַד מִינְּהוֹן וַהֲוָה מְפַיֵיס לֵיהּ קוֹמֵי גַרְמֵיהּ וַהֲוָה אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מָה הֲנָיָיה אִית לָךְ דְּאִינּוּן מִתְקַטְּלִין. סַב לָךְ דְּהַב וּכְסַף. וְהוּא אָמַר. אֵין לָנוּ כֶסֶף עִם שָׁאוּל וְעִם בֵּיתוֹ. אֵין לִי כְּתִיב. בְּאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה אָמַר דָּוִד. שָׁלֹשׁ מַתָּנוֹת טוֹבוֹת נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. רַחֲמָנִין וּבוֹיְישָׁנִין וְגוֹמְלֵי חֲסָדִים. רַחֲמָנִין מְנַיִין. וְנתַן לְךָ רַחֲמִים. בּוֹיְישָׁנִין מְנַיִיִן. וּבַעֲבוּר תִּהְיֶה יִרְאָתוֹ עַל פְּנֵיכֶם. זֶה סֵימָן לְבוֹיְישָׁן שֶׁאֵינוֹ חוֹטֵא. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בוֹשֶׁת פָּנִים דָּבָר בָּרִיא שֶׁלֹּא עָמְדוּ אֲבֹתָיו עַל הַר סִינַי. וְגוֹמְלֵי חֲסָדִים מְנַיִין. וְשָׁמַר יי אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְךָ אֶת הַבְּרִית וְאֶת הַחֶסֶד. וְאֵילּוּ אֵין בָּהֶן אֶחָד מֵהֶן. מִיַּד עָמַד וְרִיחֲקָן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְהַגִּבְעוֹנִים לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה. אַף עֶזְרָא רִיחֲקָן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְהַנְּתִינִים יוֹשְׁבִים בָּעוֹפֶל. אַף לְעָתִיד לָבוֹא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְרַחֲקָן. דִּכְתִיב והעובר את העיר יאבדוהו.

[“The dedicated ones”]. Rebbi Immi in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, because of: “At that moment Joshua dedicated them as hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation.” One understands “for the congregation.” But “for the Eternal’s altar”? But Joshua kept them in limbo. He said, I shall not include nor exclude them. But he who sometime in the future will build the Temple, if he wants to include them he may include, exclude them he may exclude. David came and excluded them as it is said: “But the Gibeonites are not part of the Children of Israel.” Why did he exclude them? Because “ there was a famine in David’s time, three years year after year.” David said, for four sins the rains are locked away. For the sins of foreign worship, incest and adultery, murder, and the sins of those who publicly promise money for welfare but do not pay. From where for the sin of foreign worship? “ Beware, lest you be seduced” etc. What is written afterwards? “The Eternal’s rage will be inflamed against you and he locks the sky, etc.” From where for the sins of the incestuous and adulterers? “ You distorted the Land by your immorality and your evil deeds.” What is the punishment? “Rainshowers were withheld, there was no late rain,” etc. From where because of the murderers? “ Because blood will distort the Land.” From where for the sins of those who publicly promise money for welfare but do not pay? “ Clouds and wind but no rain means the man who prides himself by lying gifts.” David checked his entire generation and did not find one of these. He turned to ask the urim and tummim. That is what is written: “ David asked before the Eternal” by urim and tummim. Rebbi Eleazar said, “Ask the Eternal, all the meek of the Land, who execute His Law.” What means “Whose Law is Work”? He enforces His Law and this is His Action. “ The Eternal said, because of Saul and the House of blood guilt.” “Because of Saul,” whom you did not grant the last favor, “and because of the House of blood guilt, for he had killed the Gibeonites.” David sent and called them, what is between you and the house of Saul? They told him, because he killed seven of our men, two hewers of wood, two drawers of water, a religious leader, a scribe, and a beadle. He asked them, what do you want now? They said to him: “ May there be given to us seven men of his sons and we shall hang them before the Eternal on the hill of Saul, the elected of the Eternal.” He said to them, what use is it for you that they be killed? Take silver and gold for yourselves! But they answered, “there is no money for us from Saul and his house.” He said, maybe they are afraid; he separated them and spoke to each one separately, trying to mollify him by himself, and asked him: What use is it for you that they be killed? Take gold and silver! But he said, “there is no money for us from Saul and his house.” It is written “for me”. At this moment, David said that the Holy One gave three good gifts to Israel: They are merciful, decent, and charitable. From where that they are merciful? “He gave you mercy.” From where that they are decent? “That His fear should be on your faces.” This is a sign, for a decent person does not sin. About anybody indecent it is clear that his ancestors did not stand on Mount Sinai. From where that they are charitable? “The Eternal, your God, kept for you covenant and charity.” But these, nothing of this in found in them. Immediately he went to exclude them as it is said: “But the Gibeonites are not of the Children of Israel.” And Ezra also excluded them, as it is said: “And the dedicated ones dwelt in the Ophel.” Also in the future the Holy One, praise to Him, will exclude them as it is written: “One crossing the city they cause to be lost.”

כְּתִיב וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲנִי אֶתֵּן. וַיִּקַּח הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי רִצְפָּה בַת אַיָּה אֲשֶׁר יָלְדָה לְשָׁאוּל אֶת אַדְמוֹנִי וְאֶת מְפִיבוֹשֶׁת וגו׳. וּלְמִיכַל בַּת שָׁאוּל לֹא הָיָה לָהּ וָלֶד עַד יוֹם מוֹתָהּ. וְאַתְּ אָמַר אָכֵן. אֱמוֹר מֵעַתָּה. בְּנֵי מֵירַב הָיוּ וְגִידְּלָתָן מִיכַל וְנִקְרְאוּ עַל שְׁמָהּ. וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּיַד הַגִּבְעוֹנִים וַיּוֹקִיעוּם בָּהָר לִפְנֵי יי וְיִּפְּלוּ שְׁבַעְתָּם יָחַד. חָסֵר יוֹ״ד. זֶה מְפִיבוֹשֶׁת בֶּן יְהוֹנָתָן בֶּן שָׁאוּל שֶׁהוּא אָדָם גָּדוֹל בַּתּוֹרָה וְנָתַן דָּוִד עֵינָיו בּוֹ לְהַצִּילוֹ מִיָּדָם. אָמַר דָּוִד. הֲרֵינִי מַעֲבִירָן לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְכָל מִי שֶׁהַמִּזְבֵּחַ קוֹלְטוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁלִּי. וְהֶעֱבִירָן לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְנִתְפַּלֵּל עָלָיו וְהָלַךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְקָלְטוֹ. הָדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב אֶקְרָא אֶל אֱלֹהִים עֶלְיוֹן לָאֵל גּוֹמֵר עָלָי. שֶׁהִסְכִּים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עִם דָּוִד. וְהֵמָּה הוּמְתוּ בִּימֵי קָצִיר בָּרִאשׁוֹנִים כְּתִיב קְצִיר שְׂעוֹרִים. וַתִּקַּח רִצְפָּה בַּת אַיָּה אֶת הַשַּׂק וַתַּטֵּהוּ לָהּ עַל הַצּוּר. מָהוּ עַל הַצּוּר. אָמַר רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹמֶרֶת הַצּוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ. רִבִּי אַבָּא בַּר זְמִינָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. גָּדוֹל הוּא קִידּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם מֵחִילּוּל הַשֵׁם. בְּחִילּוּל הַשֵּׁם כָתוּב לֹא תָלִין נִבְלָתוֹ עַל הָעֵץ. וּבְקִידּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם כָּתוּב מִתְּחִילַּת הַקָּצִיר עַד נִתַּךְ מַיִם עֲלֵיהֶם. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיוּ תְלוּיִין מִשִּׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּנִיסָן עָד שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן. וְהָיוּ הָעוֹבְרִים וְהַשָּׁבִים אוֹמְרִים. מַה חָטְאוּ אֵילּוּ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנֵּית עֲלֵיהֶן מַידַּת הַדִּין. וְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים. עַל שֶׁפָּשְׁטוּ יְדֵיהֶן בַּגֵּרִים גְּרוּרִים. אָמְרוּ. מָה אִם אֵילּוּ שֶׁלֹּא נִתְגַּיְירוּ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם רְאוּ הֵיאַךְ תָּבַע הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת דָּמָן. הַמִּתְגַּיֵיר לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. אֵין אֱלוֹהַּ כֵּאלֹהֵיכֶם וְאֵין אוּמָּה כְּאוּמַּתְכֶם. וְאֵין לָנוּ לְהִידָּבֵק אֶלָּא בָּכֶם. הַרְבֶּה גֵרִים נִתְגַּיְירוּ בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. הָדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב וַיְסַפֵּר שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת כָּל הָאֲנַשִׁים הַגֵּירִים וַיַּעַשׂ מֵהֶם שִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף נוֹשֵׂא סַבָּל וּשְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף חוֹצֵב בָּהָר.

It is written: “The King said, I shall give.” “The King took the two sons of Riṣpah bat Ayah whom she had born to Saul, Admoni and Mephiboshet,” etc. “Michal, Saul’s daughter, did not have a child until the day of her death,” and you say so? Say now that they were sons of Merab but Michal raised them, so they were named after her. “He gave them into the hand of the Gibeonites who hanged them on the mountain before the Eternal; all seven fell together.” Defective without י. That refers to Mephiboshet ben Jonathan ben Saul, who was great in the Torah and David intended to save him from their hand. David said, I let them pass by the altar and anyone received by the altar will be mine. He let each pass by the altar, prayed for him, and the altar moved and received him. This is what is written: “I shall call to the Most High God, to the Power Who has the ultimate decision about me!” For the Holy One, praise to Him, agreed with David. “ They were killed on the first days of harvest;” it is written “the barley harvest.” “Riṣpah bat Ayah took a sack and laid it out on the rock.” What means: “On the rock”? Rebbi Hoshaia said, she was reciting: “The rock, perfect is His action.” Rebbi Abba bar Zamina in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: Sanctification of the Name is greater than desecration of the Name. Referring to desecration of the Name it is written: “Do not leave his corpse on the gallows overnight.” But referring to sanctification of the Name it is written: “From the start of harvest until water was poured on them.” This teaches that they were hanging from the sixteenth of Nisan to the seventeenth of Marḥeshwan. The passers-by were saying: How did these people sin that the rules of justice were changed for them? They were answered: Because these had attacked attached proselytes. They would say that even for those who did not convert for the sake of Heaven, the Eternal avenged their blood; if one would convert for the sake of Heaven not so much more? There is no Power like your God and no people like your people. Many converts were converted at that time; that is what is written: “Solomon counted all proselytes and appointed from them 70’000 carriers and 80’000 hewers of stone in the mountains.”

רַב הוּנָא אָמַר. בִּימֵי רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בִּיקְשׁוּ לְקָרְבָן. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ מַפִּיךְ לִישְׁנָא. בִּימֵי רִבִּי לָעְזָר. אָמְרוּ. מִי מְטַהֵר חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁלַּמִּזְבֵּחַ. הָדָא אָמְרָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ רִיחֲקָן. אֲפִילוּ תֵימָא. יְהוֹשֻׁעַ רִיחֲקָן. כְּלוּם רִיחֲקָן אֶלָּא פְסוּלֵי מִשְׁפָּחָה. אִין תֵּימַר. מִשּׁוּם פְּסוּלֵי עֲבֵירוֹת. מֵעַתָּה הַבָּא עַל הַנְּתִינָה לֹא יְהֵא לָהּ קְנָס. וְהָתַנִּינָן. הַבָּא עַל הַנְּתִינָה יֵשׁ לָהּ קְנָס. אָמַר רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. אֵירְרָן כְּנָחָשׁ. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְעַתָּה אֲרוּרִים אַתֶּם. וְכָתוּב וַיֹּאמֶר אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל הַחִוִּי. וְכִי חִיוִּי הָיוּ. אֶלָּא שֶׁעָשׂוּ מַעֲשֶׂה חִיוִּי. אָמַר. יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כִּי בְּיוֹם אֲכָלְךְ מִמֶּנּוּ מוֹת תָּמוּת. אֶלָּא הֲרֵינִי הוֹלֵךְ וּמְרַמֶּה בָהֶן וְהֵן אוֹכְלִין וְנֶעֱנָשִׁין וַאֲנִי יוֹרֵשׁ אֶת הָאָרֶץ לְעַצְמִי. כָּךְ עָשׂוּ אֵילּוּ. אָמְרוּ. יוֹדְעִין אָנוּ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָמַר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם הַחִתִּי וְהָאֱמֹרִי וְהַפְּרִזִי כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ יי אֱלֹהֶיךָ. וְכָתוּב לֹא תִּכְרֹת לָהֶם בְּרִית. הֲרֵי אָנוּ הוֹלְכִין וּמְרַמִּין בָּהֶן וְהֵם כּוֹרְתִין עִמָּנוּ בְּרִית. מַה נַפְשֵׁךְ. יְהָרְגוּ אוֹתָנוּ עָבְרוּ עַל הַשְּׁבוּעָה. יְקַיְימוּ אוֹתָנוּ עָבְרוּ עַל הַגְּזֵירָה. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ הֵן נֶעֱנָשִׁין וְאָנוּ יוֹרְשִׁין הָאָרֶץ.

Rav Huna said that in the days of Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah they tried to include them. Rebbi Abbahu inverts the wording: In the days of Rebbi Eleazar they said, who could purify the altar’s part? That implies that Joshua excluded them. He excluded them only as disqualified for marriage. If you would say, disqualified (because of sins) then the rapist of a Gibeonite girl should not have to pay the fine, but we have stated: The rapist of a Gibeonite girl has to pay the fine.” Rebbi Eleazar said, he cursed them as a snake, as it is said: “But now you are cursed.” And it is written: “The people of Israel said to the Ḥiwwite.” But were they Ḥiwwites? They acted like the snake which said, I know that the Holy One, praise to Him, did say “because on the day you eat from it, you will die a death.” I shall go and trick them so that they eat and will be punished and I shall inherit the earth for myself. So these people acted; they said, we know that the Holy One, praise to Him, said to Israel: “You shall certainly ban them, the Hittite, the Emorite, and the Perizite, as the Eternal, your God, has commanded you” And it is written: “You shall not conclude a covenant with them.” We shall go and trick them that they conclude a covenant with us. As you take it, if they kill us, they violate their oath. If they let us live, they violated the [divine] decision. In any case, they will be punished and we shall inherit the Land.

רַב נַחמָן בַּר יַעֲקֹב אָמַר. מְקַבְּלִין גֵּרִים מִן הַקַּרְדּוּיִים וּמִן הַתַּדְמוֹרִיים. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן שֶׁגֵּירֵי תַדְמוֹר כְּשֵׁירִין. דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן כָּל הַכְּתָמִים הַבָּאִין מֵרֶקֶם טְהוֹרִים. הָא גֵירֵי תַדְמוֹר כְּשֵׁירִין.

Rav Naḥman bar Jacob said, one accepts proselytes from Kurds and Palmyrenians. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: A Mishnah said that the proselytes from Palmyra are acceptable. There, we have stated: “All stains coming from Petra are pure.” Therefore, the proselytes from Palmyra are acceptable.

רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא אָמַר שְׁמוּעָתָא. רִבִּי חֲנִינָה רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי חַד מַכְשִׁיר וְחַד מְקַבֵּל. מָאן דְּמַכְשִׁיר מְקַבֵּל וּמָאן דְּמְקַבֵּל לֹא מַכְשִׁיר. רִבִּי יוֹסֵה בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן בְשֵׁם רַב נַחְמָן. בָּבֶל לְיוּחֲסִין עַד נָהָר יזק. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן אָמַר. רַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל. חַד אָמַר עַד נָהָר יזק. וְחַד אָמַר. עַד נָהָריואנִי. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה. בֵּין הַנְּהָרוֹת כְּגוֹלָה לְיוּחֲסִין. רִבִּי חֲנִינָה בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה בְשֵׁם רַב יְהוּדָה. בְּנֵי מֵישָׁא לֹא חָשׁוּ לָהֶם אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם סָפֵק חֲלָלוֹת. כֹּהֲנִים שֶׁשָּׁם לֹא הִקְפִּידוּ עַל הַגְּרוּשׁוֹת. תַּמָּן אָמְרִין. מֵישָׁא מֵתָה מָדַיי חוֹלָה. עֵילָם וגבביי גוֹסְסוֹת. חֲבִיל יָמָא תְכִילְתָא דְבָבֵל. שנייא וגבביא וצררייא תְכִילְתָא דַחֲבִיל יָמָא.

Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa presented traditions: Of Rebbi Ḥanina and Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, one declares permissible and the other admits. He who declares permissible admits. But he who admits does not declare admissible. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rebbi Naḥman: Babylonia, as far as family pedigree is concerned, extends up to the yzq canal. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, of Rav and Samuel, one said up to the yzq canal, the other said up to the Wani canal. Rav Jehudah said, between the rivers is like Nahardea as far as family pedigree is concerned. Rebbi Ḥanina ben Beroqa in the name of Rav Jehudah: The people of Moesia are questionable only because of doubts of desecrated women. The Cohanim amongst them did not care about divorcees. There they said, Moesia is dead, Media sick, Elam and gbby dying. The maritime district is the purple-blue of Babylonia. Šny’, gbby’, and ṣrry are purple-blue of the maritime district.

רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֶׁם רִבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה. דּוֹר אַחַד עָשָׂר שֶׁבְּמַמְזֵר כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן כָּשֵׁר. דְּלֹא דָרִישׁ עֲשִׂירִי עֲשִׂירִי. תַּנֵּי. רִבִּי לְעָזָר בֵּירִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר. דּוֹר אַחַד עָשָׂר שֶׁבְּמַמְזֵר זְכָרִים אֲסוּרִין וּנְקֵיבוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. אַתְיָא דְּרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֵּירִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן כְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר. כְּמַה דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר. גְּזֵירָה שָׁוָה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁבָּאָת. כֵּן רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֵּירִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אָמַר. גְּזֵירָה שָׁוָה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁבָאָת. מַה לְהַלָּן זְכָרִים אֲסוּרִין וּנְקֵיבוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. אוֹף הָכָא זְכָרִים אֲסוּרִין וּנְקֵיבוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. מֵעַתָּה אֲפִילוּ מִיָּד. וּבִלְבַד מֵעֲשִׂירִי וּלְמַעֲלָה.

Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Josia: The eleventh generation of bastards is qualified following Rebbi Simeon; he does not use [the principle of gezerah šawah for] “the tenth, the tenth.” It was stated: Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Simeon says, in the eleventh generation of bastards, the males are forbidden but the females permitted. Rebbi Samuel ben Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, it turns out that Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Simeon follows the argument of Rebbi Meïr. As Rebbi Meïr said, a gezerah šawah is as if written in a verse, so Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Simeon says, a gezerah šawah is as if written in a verse. Here also, the males are forbidden but the females permitted. In that case, even immediately? Only from the tenth onward.

שָׁאֲלוּ אֶת רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. דּוֹר אַחַד עָשָׂר שֶׁבְּמַמְזֵר מָהוּ. אָמַר לָהֶן. הָבִיאוּ לִי דוֹר שְׁלִישִׁי וַאֲנִי מְטַהֲרוֹ. מַאי טַעֲמָא דְּרִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. דְּלָא חַיי. וְאַתְיָיא דְרִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר כְּרִבִּי חֲנִינָה. דְּאָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. אַחַת לְס̇ לְע̇ שָׁנָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵבִיא דֶבֶר בָּעוֹלָם וּמְכַלֵּה אֶת הַמַּמְזֵרִים וְנוֹטֵל עִמָּהֶן כְּשֵׁירִים שֶׁלֹּא לְפַרְסֵם לַחַטָּאִים. וְאַתְיָיא כְּהַהִיא דְאָמַר רִבִּי לֵוִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תִּשָּׁחֵט הָעוֹלָה תִּשָּׁחֵט הַחַטָּאת לִפְנֵי יי. שֶׁלֹּא לְפַרְסֵם אֶת הַחַטָּאִים. וְגַם הוּא חָכָם וַיָּבֵא רָע. לֹא מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּלֹא וְגַם הוּא חָכָם וַיָּבֵא טוֹב. אֶלָּא לְלַמְּדָךְ שֶׁאֲפִילוּ רָעָה שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵּבִיא לָעוֹלָם בְּחָכְמָה הוּא מֵבִיאָהּ. וְאֶת דְּבָרָיו לֹא הֵסִיר וְקָם עַל בֵּית מְרֵיעִים וְעַל עֶזְרַת פּוֹעֲלֵי אָוֶן. רַב חוּנָה אָמַר. אֵין מַמְזֵר חַיי יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. רִבִּי זְעִירָא כַד סְלַק לְהָכָא שָׁמַע קָלִין קַרְיֵי. מַמְזֵירָא וּמַמְזֵרְתָה. אָמַר לוֹן. מָהוּ כֵן. הָא אָזְלָה הַהִיא דְּרַב הוּנָא. דְּרַב הוּנָא אָמַר. אֵין מַמְזֵר חָיָה יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא. עִמָּךְ הָיִיתִי כַד אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא רַב הוּנָא בְשֵׁם רַב. אֵין מַמְזֵר חַיי יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. אֵימָתַי. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפוּרְסָם. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה מְפוּרְסָם חַיי הוּא.

They asked Rebbi Eliezer, what is the status of the eleventh generation of a bastard? He said to them, bring to me a third generation and I shall declare him pure, for he would not live. Rebbi Eliezer parallels Rebbi Ḥanina? As Rebbi Ḥanina said, once every sixty to seventy years the Holy One, praise to Him, brings a plague into the world to eliminate the bastards and he takes the qualified ones with them in order not to publicize the sinners. This parallels what Rebbi Levi said in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: “In the place where the ascent offering has its throat cut before the Eternal, the purification sacrifice has its throat cut,” in order not to publicize the sinners. “Also He is wise and brings evil;” could one better understand “also He is wise and brings good”? But to teach you that even the evil that the Holy One, praise to Him, brings to the world, He brings in wisdom. “His word He did not remove, He overcomes the house of evildoers and accomplices of workers of iniquity.” Rav Huna said, no bastard lives more than thirty days. When Rebbi Ze‘ira immigrated here, he heard voices call “he-bastard, she-bastard”. He said, what is this? There goes that of Rav Huna, since Rav Huna said, no bastard lives more than thirty days. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa said to him, I was with you when Rebbi Abba, Rav Huna said in the name of Rav: No bastard lives more than thirty days, when? If it is unknown. Therefore, if it is known, he lives.

רִבִּי יָסָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אַף לְעָתִיד לָבוֹא אֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא נִזְקַק אֶלָּא לְשֵׁבֶט לֵוִי. מָה טַעֲמָא. וְיָשַׁב מְצָרֵף וּמְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף וְטִהַר אֶת בְּנֵי לֵוִי וְזִיקַּק אוֹתָם וגו׳. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. כְּאָדָם שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹתֶה בְּכוֹס נָקִי. אָמַר רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. בְּגִין דְּלֵית אֲנָן לְוִיִים נַפְסִיד. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. אַף לְעָתִיד לָבוֹא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה עִמָּהֶן צְדָקָה. מַה טַעֲמָא. וְהָיוּ לַיי מַגִּישֵׁי מִנְחָה בִּצְדָקָה.

Rebbi Yasa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: In the future, the Holy One, praise to Him, will only deal with the tribe of Levi. What is the reason? “The refiner will sit, the purifier of silver, and will refine them,” etc. Rebbi Ze‘ira said, like a man who only drinks from a clean cup. Rebbi Hoshaia said, because we are not Levites, should we lose? Rebbi Ḥanina the son of Rebbi Abbahu said, also in the future, the Holy One, praise to Him, will deal with them charitably. What is the reason? “They will be for the Eternal presenters of an offering in charity.”

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כָּל מִשְׁפָּחָה שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּקֵּעַ בָּהּ פְּסוּל אֵין מְדַקְדְּקִין אַחֲרֶיהָ. אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. מִשְׁפַּחַת בְּנֵי צְרִיפָה הָיְתָה בְּעֶבֶר הַיַּרְדֵן וְרִיחֲקָהּ בֶּן צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ. וְעוֹד אֲחֶרֶת הָיְתָה שָׁם וְקֵירְבוּהָ בְּנֵי צִיּוֹן בִּזְרוֹעַ. וְלֹא בִיקְּשׁוּ חֲכָמִים לְפַרְסְמָן. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים מוֹסְרִין אוֹתָן לִבְנֵיהֶן וְתַלְמִידֵיהֶן פַּעֲמַיִים בַּשָּׁבוּעַ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הָעֲבוֹדָה שֶׁאָנוּ מַכִּירָן. וּמַה נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ בָהֶן גְּדוֹלֵי הַדּוֹר. אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים עֲבָדִים הָיוּ לְפַשְׁחוּר בֶּן אִימֵּר וְכוּלָּם נִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ בִכְהוּנָּה גְדוֹלָה. הֵן הֵן עַזֵּי פָנִים שֶׁבַּכְּהוּנָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. עִיקַּר טִירוֹנִיָיא שֶׁלָּהֶן וְעַמְּךָ כִּמְרִיבֵי כֹהֵן. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה עַיָירוֹת נִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ בַּכּוּתִים בִּימֵי שְׁמָר. אָמְרִין הָדָא עדן דְּמשאה מִנֵּיהוֹן.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, one does not investigate a family in which a family disqualification has disappeared. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, a Mishnah says so: “There was a family Bene Ṣerifa in Transjordan who were forcibly distanced by Ben Ṣion. Another [family] was there who were forcibly integrated by the people of Ṣion.” Nevertheless, the Sages did not want to make their names public. But the Sages transmit them to their sons and students two times in a Week. Rebbi Joḥanan said, by the Temple service, I know them and the leading personalities of the generation have disappeared in them. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, Pashḥur ben Immer had 5000 slaves, and their traces have disappeared in the high priesthood. These are the insolent in the priesthood. Rebbi Eleazar said, their main training: “Your people is like quarrelsome priests.” Rebbi Abbahu said, Samaritans disappeared in thirteen villages in the times of [persecution]. They said, עדן דמשאה is one of them.

אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. מַתְנִיתָא דְלָא כְרִבִּי יוּדָה. דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה אָמַר. אַרְבַּע קְהִילּוֹת הֵן. קְהַל כֹּהֲנִים קְהַל לְוִיִים קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל קְהַל גֵּרִים. מֵתִיבִין לְרִבִּי יְהוּדָה. וְהָכְתִיב לא יָבוֹא פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה בִּקְהַל יי. פְּסוּלֵי גּוּף אִינּוּן. וְהָכְתִיב בָּנִים אֲשֶׁר יִוָולְדוּ לָהֶם דּוֹר שְׁלִישִׁי יָבֹא לָהֶם בִּקְהַל יי. בַּעֲשֵׂה אִינּוּן. וְרַבָּנִין אָמְרִין. שְׁלֹשָׁה קְהִילּוֹת הֵן. קְהַל כֹּהֲנִים קְהַל לְוִיִים קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל. לא יָבֹא. לא יָבֹא. לא יָבֹא.

Rebbi Ḥanina said, the Mishnah does not follow Rebbi Jehudah, since Rebbi Jehudah said that four congregations are called “congregation”, the congregation of Cohanim, the congregation of Levites, the congregation of Israelites, the congregation of converts. They objected to Rebbi Jehudah, but is it not written, “one injured in his testicles or with amputated urethra should not come into the Eternal’s congregation”? That refers to bodily blemishes. But is it not written, “children that will be born to them in the third generation may enter the Eternal’s congregation”? That is a positive commandment. But the rabbis said, there are three congregations, the congregation of Cohanim, the congregation of Levites, the congregation of Israelites; “they shall not come, they shall not come, they shall not come.”

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: וְאֵי זֶהוּ שְׁתוּקֵי. כָּל שֶׁהוּא מַכִּיר אֶת אִמּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר אֶת אָבִיו. וַאֲסוּפֵי כָּל שֶׁנֶּאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר לֹא אֶת אָביו וְלֹא אֶת אִמּוֹ. אַבָּא שָָׁאוּל הָיָה קוֹרֵא לִשְׁתוּקֵי בְּדוּקֵי.

MISHNAH: What is a silenced one? Anyone who knows his mother but not his father. But a foundling is one collected from the public domain who knows neither his father nor his mother. Abba Shaul called the silenced one “investigated one”.

Halakhah

הלכה: וְאֵי זֶהוּ שְׁתוּקֵי כול׳. מָהוּ בְּדוּקִי. בְּדוֹק אַחֲרָיו.

HALAKHAH: “What is a silenced one,” etc. What means “investigated one”? Investigate him!

אַחֲוֵי דְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי. תִּינּוֹק כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוּשְׁלָךְ בַּשּׁוּק אוֹ אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ מֵעִידִין עָלָיו. נֶאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים. אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ כִּשְׁנֵי עֵדִים הֵן. רַבָּנִין דְּקַיְסָרִין בְּשֵׁם רַב חִסְדָּא. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר בְּתִינּוֹק שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַרְגִּיעַ. אֲבָל בְּתִינּוֹק שֶׁהוּא מַרְגִּיעַ צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים. וְאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ כִּשְׁתֵּי עֵדִים הֵן. וְאַתְיָיא כְּהַהִיא דְּאָמַר רִבִּי יַנַּאי. עֲגָלִים וְסַיָיחִין הַמְקַפְּצִין אֵין לָהֶן חֲזָקָה.

The brother of Rebbi Jehudah bar Zavdi in the name of [Rav]: As long as a baby lies in the public domain, either his father or his mother can testify about him. Once he was collected from the public domain, one needs two witnesses; its father and mother are like two witnesses. The rabbis of Caesarea in the name of Rav Ḥisda: That is, if the baby is not moving. But a baby which is moving needs two witnesses; its father and mother are like two witnesses. This parallels what Rebbi Yannai said: property rights on jumping calves and lambs cannot be proven by possession.

רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רַב חִסְדָּא. שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵן שֶׁהֵן נֶאֱמָנִין עַל אָתָר. חַיָּה וּשְׁיָירָה וְהַמְטָהֶרֶת חֲבֵרוֹתֶיהָ. חַיָּה. וַתִּקַּח הַמְיַילֶּדֶת וִתִּקְשֹׁר עַל שָׁנִי לֵאמֹר זֶה יָצָא רִאשׁוֹנָה. וּשְׁיָירָה. כְּהַהִיא דְאָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא אַחֲוֵי דִיהוּדָה בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רַב. תִּינּוֹק כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוּשְׁלָךְ לַשּׁוּק אוֹ אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ מֵעִידִין עָלָיו. נֶאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים. אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ כִּשְׁנֵי עֵדִים הֵן. וְהַמְטָהֶרֶת חֲבֵרוֹתֶיהָ. כְּהַהִיא דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִים יְשֵׁינוֹת בְּמִיטָּה אַחַת. נִמְצָא דָם תַּחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן כּוּלָּן טְמֵיאוֹת. בָּדְקָה אַחַת מֵהֶן וְנִמְצֵאת טְמֵיאָה הִיא טְמֵיאָה וּשְׁתַּיִם טְהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא. וּבִלְבַד מֵעֵת לָעֵת.

Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥisda: Three are trustworthy immediately: a midwife, a caravan, and the one who purifies her colleagues. A midwife: “The midwife took and wound a red string [around his hand] to indicate that this one was born first.” A caravan, as Rebbi Abba, the brother of Rebbi Jehudah bar Zavdi said in the name of Rav: As long as a baby lies in the public domain, either its father or its mother can testify about him. Once it was collected from the public domain, one needs two witnesses; its father and mother are like two witnesses. The one who purifies her colleagues, as we have stated there: “Three women sleep on one bed. If blood was found under one of them, all three are impure. If one of them checked herself out and found herself impure, she is impure and the other two are pure.” Rebbi Abba said, only within 24 hours.

…and 8 more halakhot in this perek.

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY