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The Jerusalem Talmud

כתובות א׳Ketubot 1

Perek 1 of 13 in Ketubot — 10 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: בְּתוּלָה נִישֵּׁאת בַּיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי וְאַלְמָנָה בַּיּוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי שֶׁפַּעֲמַיִים בַּשַּׁבָּת בָּתֵּי דִינִין יוֹשְׁבִין בָּעֲיָירוֹת בְּיוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי וּבְיוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי שֶׁאִם הָיָה לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים הָיָה מַשְׁכִּים לְבֵית דִּין.

MISHNAH: A virgin is married on Wednesday and a widow on Thursday, for in smaller towns court convenes two times per week, on Monday and Thursday, so if he has a complaint about virginity he can quickly go to court

Halakhah

הלכה: בְּתוּלָה נִישֵּׁאת בַּיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי כול׳. בַּר קַפָּרָא אָמַר. מִפְּנֵי שֵׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ בְּרָכָה. וַהֲלֹא אֵין כָּתוּב בְּרָכָה אֶלָּא בַּחֲמִישִׁי וּבַשִּׁישִׁי בִּלְבַד. בַּחֲמִישִׁי בָּעוֹפוֹת וּבְדָגִים. בַּשִּׁישִׁי בְּאָדָם וַחַוָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. טַעֲמָא דְבַר קַפָּרָא. רְבִיעִי אוֹר חֲמִישִׁי. חֲמִישִׁי אוֹר שִׁישִׁי. וַהֲלֹא כָתוּב בְּרָכָה בַּשְׁבִיעִי. אֵין כָּתוּב בְּרָכָה בַבִּרְיוֹת אֶלָּא בַיּוֹם.

HALAKHAH: “A virgin is married on Wednesday,” etc. Bar Qappara said, because a blessing is written there. But a blessing in only written on the Fifth and the Sixth days! On the Fifth for birds and fish, on the Sixth for Adam and Eve. Rebbi Yose said, the reason of Bar Qappara is the Fourth, evening of the Fifth, and the Fifth, evening of the Sixth. Is there not a blessing written also on Sabbath? No blessing is written for creatures, only for the day.

מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין כָּתוּב בְּרָכָה בַבִּרְיוֹת. הָא אִילּוּ הֲוָה כָתוּב בְּרָכָה בַבִּרְיוֹת הָיְתָה נִישֵּׂאת בַּשַּׁבָּת. לֹא כֵן תַּנֵּי. לֹא יִבְעוֹל אָדָם בְּעִילָה כַתְּחִילָּה בַשַּׁבָּת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה חַבּוּרָה. אֶלָּא כָּאֲחֵרִים. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֲחֵרִים מַתִּירִין. כְּלוּם אֲחֵרִים מַתִּירִין אֶלָּא בְשֶׁכָּנַס. שֶׁעַד שֶׁלֹּא כָנַס אֵינוֹ זַכַּאי לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֶיהָ וְלֹא בְהֵפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. מִשֶּׁכָּנַס זַכַּאי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֶיהָ וּבְהֵפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתְּ כֵּן נִמְצֵאתָה כְקוֹנֶה קִנְיָין בַּשַּׁבָּת. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. הָדָא אָמְרָה. אִילֵּין דְּכָנְסִין אַרְמְלָן צָרִיךְ לְכוֹנְסָהּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא כְקוֹנֶה קִנְיָין בַּשַּׁבָּת.

Because no blessing is written for creatures? Could she have been married on the Sabbath if a blessing were written for creatures? But was it not stated: “A man should not first have sexual relations on the Sabbath, for he makes a wound.” It must follow “others”, for “others permit it.” But “others” permit only when he is already married, for before he was married he had no right to what she finds, what she earns, and to dissolve her vows. After he married her, he has the right to receive what she finds or earns, and to dissolve her vows. If you say so, he is like someone who acquires on the Sabbath. Rebbi Mana said, this means that those who marry a widow must take her in when it is still daytime on Friday, that he should not be like someone who acquires on the Sabbath.

רִבִּי לָעְזָר מַיְיתֵי לָהּ טַעַם דְּמַתְנִיתִין. שֶׁאִם הָיָה לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים הָיָה מַשְׁכִּים לְבֵית דִּין. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַיְיעָא לְרִבִּי לָעְזָר. מִן הַסַּכָּנָה וְהֵילָךְ נָהֲגוּ לָשֵׂאת בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי וְלֹא מִיחוּ בְיָדָן חֲכָמִים. בְּשֵׁינִי אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. וְאִם מִפְּנֵי הָאוֹנֶס מוּתָּר. מַהוּ מִפְּנֵי הָאוֹנֶס. מִפְּנֵי הַכְּשָׁפִים. מַה בֵין שֵׁינִי לַשְּׁלִישִׁי. לֹא דוֹמֶה מִשְׁתָּהֵא יוֹם אֶחָד לְמִשְׁתָּהֵא שְׁנֵי יָמִים. וְיִשְׁתָּהֵא שְׁנֵי יָמִים. שֶׁלֹּא יֶעֱרַב עָלָיו הַמֶּקַח. וְיֶעֱרַב עָלָיו הַמֶּקַח. לֵית יְכוֹל. דְּאָמַר רִבִּי אִילָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. מָצָא הַפֶּתַח פָּתוּחַ אָסוּר לְקַיְימָהּ מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וְחָשׁ לוֹמַר שֶׁמָּא אֲנוּסָה הִיא. קוֹל יוֹצֵא לָאֲנוּסָה. וַאֲפִילוּ תָחוּשׁ לָהּ מִשּׁוּם אֲנוּסָה. לֹא סָפֵק אַחֵר. סָפֵק אֲנוּסָה סָפֵק פְּתוּחָה. מִדְּבַר תּוֹרָה לְהַחֲמִיר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וַאֲפִילוּ תָחוּשׁ לָהּ מִשּׁוּם אֲנוּסָה. שְׁתֵּי סְפֵיקוֹת. סָפֵק אֲנוּסָה סָפֵק פְּתוּחָה סָפֵק מִשֶּׁנִּתְאָרְסָה סָפֵק עַד שֶׁלֹּא תֵאָרֵס. שְׁתֵּי סְפֵיקוֹת מִדְּבַר תּוֹרָה לְהָקֵל.

Rebbi Eleazar explains the reason given in the Mishnah, that if he has a complaint about virginity he can quickly go to court. A baraita supports Rebbi Eleazar: Since the time of danger they used to marry on Tuesdays and the Sages did not object; about Monday one does not listen to him, but if it was because of a danger it is permitted. What is “because of a danger”? because of sorcery. What is the difference between Monday and Tuesday? One who waits one day cannot be compared to one who waits two days. Why not let him wait two days? That his acquisition should not be sweet for him. Why should his acquisition not be sweet for him? One cannot tolerate it, since Rebbi Hila said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, if he found the door open, he is forbidden to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. Could we not suspect that she was raped? A rape is public knowledge. And even if you suspect that she was raped, there is no other doubt. There is a doubt whether she was raped or whether she was [willingly] opened. From the words of the Torah one has to be stringent. Rebbi Yose said, if you suspect that she was raped, there are two doubts. There is a doubt whether she was raped or whether she was [willingly] opened; there is a doubt whether it happened after she was preliminarily married or before. From the words of the Torah, with two doubts one has to be lenient.

קִידְּשָׁהּ בַּחוּפָּה לֵית לֵיהּ בְּאִילֵּין קְנָסַיָיא. אָמְרִין. רִבִּי מַתַּנְיָה עֲבַד לִבְרָתֵּיהּ כֵּן. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי לָעְזָר בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁבָּתֵּי דִינִין יוֹשְׁבִין בְּכָל יוֹם. תִּינָּשֵׂא בְּכָל יוֹם. וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין בָּתֵּי דִינִין יוֹשְׁבִין (בְּכָל יוֹם) לֹא תִינָּשֵׂא. כָל עִיקָּר. שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲקוֹר זְמַנּוֹ שֶׁלָּרְבִיעִי. וְיַעֲקוֹר זְמַנּוֹ שֶׁלָּרְבִיעִי. אַף הוּא אִית לֵהּ כְּהָדָא דְתַנֵּי בַּר קַפָּרָא. בַּר קַפָּרָא אָמַר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהֶן בְּרָכָה. וְתִינָּשֵׂא. בָרִאשׁוֹן וְיַשְׁכִּים לְבֵית דִּין בַּשֵּׁינִי. אִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר. שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲקוֹר זְמַנּוֹ. שֶׁלָּרְבִיעִי. וְאִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר כְּהָדָא דְתַנֵּי בַּר קַפָּרָא. דְּבַר קַפָּרָא אָמַר. מִפְּנֵי שֵׁכָּתוּב בָּהֶן בְּרָכָה.

If he performed the preliminary marriage in the bridal chamber, these strictures do not apply. They said that Rebbi Mattaniah acted thus for his daughter. In the opinion of Rebbi Eleazar, could she be married any day at a place where courts are in session every day? And at a place where there are no courts (every day) could she never be married? One does not want to abolish the time of Wednesday. Why does one not want to abolish the time of Wednesday? Because he also accepts what Bar Qappara stated. Bar Qappara said, because a blessing is written there. Could she not be married on Sunday, that he might quickly go to court on Monday? Some want to say, not to abolish the time of Wednesday; some want to say, because of what Bar Qappara stated, for Bar Qappara said, because a blessing is written there.

שָׁוִין שֶׁאֵינָהּ נִישֵּׂאת לֹא בְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְלֹא בְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת. לֹא בְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד שַׁבָּת. וְלֹא בְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת. חֲבֵרַיָיא אוֹמְרִין. מִפְּנֵי הַטּוֹרַח. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר. מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד שַׁבָּת. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַיְיעָא לַחֲבֵרַיָיא. מִפְּנֵי מַה אָמְרוּ. בְּתוּלָה נִישֵּׁאת בַּיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי. כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם מַתְקִין צְרָכָיו שְׁלֹשָּׁה יָמִים זֶה אַחַר זֶה.

One agrees that she should not be married either Friday or Saturday night. Not on Friday, for the honor of the Sabbath. Not Saturday night: The colleagues say, because of the exertion; Rebbi Yose says, for the honor of the Sabbath. A baraita supports the colleagues: Why did they say, a virgin is married on Wednesday? That a man should prepare for his needs three consecutive days.

רִבִּי בָּא בַּר כֹּהֵן אָמַר קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אִידִי. אָסוּר לָאָדָם לִישָּׂא אִשָּׁה בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אֲמַר לַעֲשׂוֹת סְעוּדַת אֵירוּסִין. הָא לָאֲרוֹס יְאָרֵס. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. אֲפִילוּ בְתִשְׁעָה בְאַב יְאָרֵס. שֶׁלֹּא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אַחֵר. מִחְלְפָא שִׁיטְּתָא דִשְׁמוּאֵל. תַּמָּן הוּא אָמַר אֱלֹהִים מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים בַּיְתָה וגו׳ בְּמֹאזְנַיִם לַעֲלוֹת הֵמָּה מֵהֶבֶל יָחַד. וּבְהַהוּא אָמַר אָכֵין. אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אַחֵר בִּתְפִילָּה. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא קַיְימָה.

Rebbi Abba bar Cohen said before Rebbi Yose: Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Jacob bar Idi: A man may not [preliminarily] marry on a Friday. That means, to make an engagement feast. This implies that the preliminary marriage itself is permitted. Samuel says, even on the Ninth of Ab a preliminary marriage is permitted, lest another forestall him. The argument of Samuel seems inverted. There, he says, “God puts singles in a house, etc.,” “To rise on scales; they all are of vapor!” And there, he says so? That means, that he should not forestall him in prayer. Even so, it would not be permanent.

רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ אָמַר. אָסוּר לָדוּן דִּינִי מְמוֹנוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. וְהָא מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין דָּנִין לֹא בְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְלֹא בְעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת. הָא דִינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת דָּנִין. וְתַנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה כֵן. דָּנִין דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת אֲבָל לֹא דִינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת. כָּאן לַהֲלָכָה כָּאן לִדְבַר תּוֹרָה.

Rebbi Ḥizqiah, Rebbi Aḥa, said in the name of Rebbi Abbahu: It is forbidden to judge money matters on Friday. Does not a Mishnah object: “Therefore, one does not judge criminal matters on Friday or any day before a holiday”? Therefore, one judges money matters! Also, Rebbi Ḥiyya stated thus: One judges money matters on Friday but not criminal matters. One is for practice, the other for Torah study.

רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי קְרִיסְפָּא. בּוֹגֶרֶת כְּחָבִית פְּתוּחָה הִיא. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר. שֶׁלֹּא לְהַפְסִידָהּ מִכְּתוּבָּתָהּ. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וְאַתְיָיא כַּיי דְרִבִּי חֲנִינָא. דְּרִבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁלֹּא נִמְצְאוּ לָהּ בְּתוּלִים. וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רִבִּי. אָמַר לָהּ. אֵיכָן הֵן. אָמְרָה לֵיהּ. מַעֲלוֹתָיו שֶׁלְּבֵּית אַבָּא הָיוּ גְבוֹהִין וְנִשְׁרוּ. וְהֶאֱמִינָהּ רִבִּי. הָדָא דְתֵימַר שֶׁלֹּא לְהַפְסִידָהּ מִכְּתוּבָּתָהּ. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וְאַתְיָיא כַּיי דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. בְּתוּלָה וְאַלְמָנָה גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה מִן הָאֵירוּסִין כְּתוּבָּתָן מָאתַיִם וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר. בִּכְתוּבַּת מְנָה מָאתַיִם. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וְאַתְיָיא כַּיי דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. הָאוֹכֵל אֶצֶל חָמִיו בִּיהוּדָה שֶׁלֹּא בָעֵדִים אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְעוֹן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְיָיחֵד עִמָּהּ. הָדָא דָמַר לִכְתוּבַּת מְנָה מָאתַיִם. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִפְּנֵי סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וַתְיָיא כַּיי דְתַנִּינָן. הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְלֹא מָצָא לָהּ בְּתוּלִים. וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת. מִשֶׁאֵירַסְתָּנִי נֶאֱנַסְתִּי וְנִסְתָּחְפָה שָׂדָךְ. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר. לֹא כִּי אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁלֹּא אֵירַשְׂתִּיךְ. וְהָיָה מִקְחוֹ מֶקַח טָעוּת. הָדָא דָמַר לִכְתוּבַּת מְנָה מָאתַיִם. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וַתְיָיא כַּיי דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת. מוּכַּת עֵץ אֲנִי. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר. לֹא כִי אֶלָּא דְּרוּסַת אִישׁ אַתְּ. הָדָא דְתֵימַר בִּכְתוּבַּת מְנָה מָאתַיִם. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וְכוּלְּהֹן מִן הַהִיא דְּאָמַר רִבִּי הִילָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. מָצָא הַפֶּתַח פָּתוּחַ אָסוּר לְקַיְימָהּ מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה.

Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rebbi Crispus: An adult woman is like an open amphora. That means, not to let her lose her ketubah. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. This also applies to what Rebbi Ḥanina said, since Rebbi Ḥanina said: It happened that a woman was found without virginity and the case came before Rebbi. He said to her, where is it? She said, the stairs in my father’s house were high and it was rubbed off. Rebbi believed her. That means, not to let her lose her ketubah. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. This also applies to what we stated there: “The ketubah sum of a virgin who is a widow, or a divorcee, or one who had received ḥalîṣah, after a preliminary marriage is 200 [ zuz], and they are subject to complaints about virginity.” That means, referring to a ketubah sum of a mina or 200 [ zuz]. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. This also applies to what we stated there: “One who eats unchaperoned at his father-in-law’s in Judea cannot go to court about virginity since he was alone with her.” That means, referring to a ketubah sum of a mina or 200 [ zuz]. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. This also applies to what we stated: “If somebody married a woman and found her not to be a virgin. She says, I was raped after the preliminary marriage and your field was flooded, but he says, no, it was before the preliminary marriage and my acquisition was in error,” that refers to a ketubah sum of a mina or 200 [ zuz]. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. This also applies to what we stated: “She says, I was injured by a piece of wood, but he says no, you were trampled on by a man,” that refers to a ketubah sum of a mina or 200 [ zuz]. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. All these cases are based on what Rebbi Hila said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, if he found the door open, he is forbidden to keep her because she might have been unfaithful.

עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי לָעְזָר בּוֹגֶרֶת אֵימָתַי הִיא נִישֵּׂאת. בְּתוּלָה מִן הַנִּישּׂוּאִין אֵימָתַי הִיא נִישֵּׂאת. מוּכַּת עֵץ כְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר אֵימָתַי הִיא נִישֵּׂאת. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. אִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁיָּצָאת בְּהִינוּמָא. וְלָא אִדְכַּר רְבִיעִי. הָדָא אָמְרָה דְלֵית רְבִיעִי כְּלוּם.

When is an adult married following Rebbi Eleazar? When is a virgin after marriage married? When is a woman injured by a piece of wood married following Rebbi Meïr? Let us hear from the following: “If there are witnesses that she went out in hinuma.” Wednesday was not mentioned. This means that Wednesday does not mean anything.

וְאַלְמָנָה בַּיּוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי. שֶׁאִם אוֹמֵר אַתְּ לוֹ בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה אַף הוּא מַשְׁכִּים וְיוֹצֵא לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ. מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאַתְּ אוֹמֵר לוֹ בַחֲמִישִׁי בְשַׁבָּת אַף הוּא שָׂמֵחַ עִמָּהּ חֲמִישִי שִׁישִׁי וּשְׁבִיעִי.

“A widow [is married] on Thursday.” For if you would let him [marry] any other day of the year, he would go to work the next morning. Since you tell him, on a Thursday, he enjoys himself with her on Thursday, Friday, and Sabbath.

מֹשֶׁה הִתְקִין שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הַמִּשְׁתֶּה וְשִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הָאֶבֶל וְלֹא הִתְקִין לָאַלְמָנָה כְּלוּם. אַף עַל גַּב דְּתֵימַר. לֹא הִתְקִין לָאַלְמָנָה כְּלוּם. טְעוּנָה בְרָכָה. מִבּוֹעַז. דִּכְתִיב וַיִּקַּח בּוֹעַז עֲשָׂרָה אֲנָשִׁים מִזִּקְנֵי הָעִיר וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁבוּ פֹה וַיֵּשֵׁבוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִי. מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין קָטָן רַשַּׁאי לֵישֵׁב עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לֹו הַגָּדוֹל שֵׁב. אָמַר רִבִּי פִינְחָס. מִיכָּן לַבַּיִת הַזֶּה שֶׁהֵן מְמַנִּין זְקֵינִים בְּבָתֵּי מִשְׁתָּיוֹת שֶׁלָּהֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי. מִיכָּן לְבִרְכַּת חֲתָנִים שֶׁהִיא בָּעֲשָׂרָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹדָה בַר פָּזִי. וְלֹא סוֹף דָּבָר בָּחוּר לִבְתוּלָה אֶלָּא אֲפִילוּ אַלְמוֹן לְאָלְמָנָה. מִבּוֹעַז שֶׁהָיָה אַלְמוֹן וְרוּת הָיְתָה אַלְמָנָה. וּכְתִיב וַתֵּהוֹם כָּל הָעִיר עֲלֵיהֶם. וְאֵיפְשַׁר כֵּן. כָּל קַרְתָּא מִתְבָּהֲלָה בְגִין נָעֳמִי עַל עֲלִיבְתָא. אֶלָּא אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל בּוֹעַז מֵתָה בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם. עַד כָּל עַמָּא גָמַל חַסְדָּא נִכְנְסָה רוּת עִם נָעֳמִי. וְנִמְצֵאת זוֹ יוֹצְאֵת וְזוֹ נִכְנֶסֶת.

Moses instituted seven days of a marriage feast and seven days of mourning, but he instituted nothing for the widow. Even though you say that he instituted nothing for the widow, she needs a benediction. From Boaz, as it is written: “And (Boaz) took ten men of the city Elders and said, sit here, and they sat down.” Rebbi Alexander said, from here [one learns that] the lesser person is not permitted to sit down until the more important person tells him to sit down. Rebbi Phineas said, from here [one learns that] this family appoints Elders for their marriage feasts. Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Yose said, from here [one learns that] the wedding blessing needs ten people [present]. Rebbi Jehudah bar Pazy said, not only a bachelor marrying a virgin, but also a widower marrying a widow, since Boaz was a widower and Ruth a widow, as it is written “The entire city was in an uproar because of them.” Is that possible that the entire town was in alarm because of the sorry state of Naomi? But Boaz’s wife had died that very day and when all the people went to the burial, Ruth and Naomi entered. It turned out that when one left, the other entered.

תַּנֵּי. אוֹמֵר בִּרְכַּת חֲתָנִים כָּל שִׁבְעָה. [רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה סְבַר מֵימַר מַפְקִין כַּלָּתָה כָּל שִּׁבְעָה.] אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וְהָא תַנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. אוֹמֵר בִּרְכַּת אֲבֵלִים כָּל שִׁבְעָה. אִית לָךְ מֵימַר. מַפְקִין מִיתָא כָל שִׁבְעָה. מַאי כְדוֹן. מַה כָּאן מְנַחֵם עִמּוֹ אַף כָּאן מְשַׂמֵּחַ עִמּוֹ. מַה כָּאן מַזְכִּירִין אַף כָּאן מַזְכִּירִין.

It was stated: The marriage benedictions are said all seven days. [Rebbi Jeremiah wanted to say that one re-enacts the marriage all seven days.] Rebbi Yose said to him, but did not Rebbi Ḥiyya state: The benedictions of mourners are said all seven days. Can you say that one buries the dead all seven days? How is that? Since here he consoles with him, so there he enjoys with him; as here one remembers, so there one remembers.

תַּנֵּי. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָה. בִּיהוּדָה בָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מַעֲמִידִין אוֹתָן שְׁנֵי שׁוּשְׁבִּינִין. אֶחָד מִשֶּׁל כַּלָּה וְאֶחָד מִשֶּׁלְּחָתָן. אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא הָיוּ מַעֲמִידִין אוֹתָן אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת נִישּׂוּאִין. וּבְגָלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן. בִּיהוּדָה בָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מְיַיחֲדִין הֶחָתָן אֶצֶל הַכַּלָּה שָׁעָה כְדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא לִבּוֹ גַס בָּהּ. וּבְגָלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן. בִּיהוּדָה בָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ הַשּׁוּשְׁבִּינִין מְפַשְׁפְּשִׁין בִּמְקוֹם הֶחָתָן וּבִמְקוֹם הַכַּלָּה. וּבְגָלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן. בִּיהוּדָה בָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ הַשּׁוּשְׁבִּינִין יְשֵׁינִין בִּמְקוֹם חָתָן וּבִמְקוֹם כַּלָּה. וּבְגָלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן. כָּל שֶׁלֹּא נָהַג כְּמִנְהַג זֶה אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְעוֹן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים.

It was stated: Rebbi Jehudah said, in Judea in earlier times they appointed two best men, one for the bride and one for the groom, but they appointed them only for the wedding day. In contrast, this was not done in Galilee. In Judea in earlier times one let the fiancé be alone with the fiancée for an hour so that he became familiar with her; in contrast, this was not done in Galilee. In Judea in earlier times the best men were investigating the places of groom and bride; in contrast, this was not done in Galilee. In Judea in earlier times the best men were sleeping in the room with groom and bride; in contrast, this was not done in Galilee. Anybody who did not follow these rules could not present a claim of missing virginity.

תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. כָּל גֶּפֶן יֵשׁ בָּהּ יַיִן. וְשֶׁאֵין בָהּ יַיִן טְרוּקֵטֵי. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָּעֵי. מֵעַתָּה אֵין טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים בְּרִבִּי יוּדָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. כָּל גַּרְמָהּ אָמְרָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים בְּרִבִּי יוּדָה. דְּתַנֵּי. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָה. בִּיהוּדָה בָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מַעֲמִידִין שְׁנֵי שׁוּשְׁבִּינִין. אֶחָד מִשֶּׁלְּחָתָן וְאֶחָד מִשֶּׁלַּכַּלָּה. אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא הָיוּ מַעֲמִידִין אֶלָּא [בִשְׁעַת] נִושֻּׂאִין. וּבְגָלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן. עַד יְשֵׁינִין בִּמְקוֹם חָתָן וּבִמְקוֹם כַּלָּה. וּבְגָלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן. מַאי כְדוֹן. עָלֶיהָ לְהָבִיא רְאָיָיה שֶׁהִיא מִמִּשְׁפַּחַת טְרוּקֵטֵי.

There, we have stated: “Every vine gives wine; if there is no wine it is dried up.” Rebbi Jeremiah asked: Does that mean that Rebbi Jehudah does not admit claims of missing virginity? Rebbi Yose said, in itself it means that Rebbi Jehudah admits claims of missing virginity, as it was stated: Rebbi Jehudah said, in Judea in earlier times they appointed two best men, one for the groom and one for the bride, but they appointed them only for the wedding day. In contrast, this was not done in Galilee … they were sleeping in the room with groom and bride; in contrast, this was not done in Galilee. How is this? She has to bring proof that she comes from a family of dryness.

רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה סְבַר מֵימַר. מִנְהַג יְהוּדָה בַגָּלִיל. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וְכִי מִנְהַג יְהוּדָה בַגָּלִיל עֵדוּת תּוֹרָה הִיא. אֶלָּא מִנְהַג יְהוּדָה בִּיהוּדָה וּמִנהַג גָּלִיל בַּגָּלִיל. מִכֵּיוָן דְּתֵימַר. אֵינָהּ עֵדוּת תּוֹרָה. לֹא יַעֲמִד. אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא יִפְרְצוּ בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזִימָּה. אִם בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יִפְרְצוּ בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזִימָּה אֲפִילוּ מַעֲמִיד לֹא יְהֵא נֶאֱמָן. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אִילָא. אֵין אָדָם עָשׂוּי לְהוֹצִיא יְצִיאוֹתָיו וּלְהוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ. אִם מִשּׁוּם שֶׁאֵין אָדָם עָשׂוּי לְהוֹצִיא יְצִיאוֹתָיו וּלְהוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע עַל אִשְתּוֹ אֲפִילוּ אֵינוֹ מַעֲמִיד יְהֵא נֶאֱמָן. אָמַר רִבִּי הִילָא. מִפְּנֵי חֲשָׁד אֶחָד מִפְּנֵי פָרוּץ אֶחָ[ד]. מַה אֲנָן קַיָימִין. אִם בִּשֶׁפִּישְׁפֵּשׁ וּמָצָא הֲרֵי מָצָא. אִם בְּשֶׁלֹּא מָצָא הֲרֵי פִישְׁפֵּשׁ לֹא פִישְׁפֵּשׁ. אֶלָּא הָכֵין אֲנָן קַיָימִין. בְּשֶׁלֹּא פִישְׁפֵּשׁ וּמָצָא. הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת. דַּם בְּתוּלִים הִיא. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר. לֹא כִּי אֶלָּא דַם צִפּוֹר הִיא. הוֹרַע כּוֹחוֹ שֶׁלֹּא נָהַג כְּמִנְהַג זֶה. הָדָא דְתֵימַר. שֶׁלֹּא לְהַפְסִידָהּ מִכְּתוּבָּתָהּ. אֲבָל לְקַיְימָהּ אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה. וְתְיָיא כַּיי דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. בְּתוּלָה וְאַלְמָנָה וכול׳. וְכוּלְּהֹן מִן הַהֵין דְּאָמַר רִבִּי הִילָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי לְעָזָר. מָצָא פֶּתַח פָּתוּחַ אָסוּר לְקַיְימָהּ מִשּׁוּם סְפֵק סוֹטָה.

Rebbi Jeremiah was of the opinion to follow the standard of Judea in Galilee. Rebbi Yose said to him, is the standard of Judea in Galilee a testimony by biblical standards? No, [one follows] the standard of Judea in Judea and the standard of Galilee in Galilee. If you say, it is not testimony by biblical standards, why appoint them? That the daughters of Israel should not become wanton in immorality. If it is that the daughters of Israel should not become wanton in immorality, even if one appoints, they should not be trustworthy! Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Hila: A man would not go to all this expense in order to give his wife a bad reputation. If it is that a man would not go to all this expense in order to give his wife a bad reputation, even if one does not appoint, he should be believed. Rebbi Hila said, because of one suspicion, because of one immoral person. Where do we hold? If he investigated and found, he found! If he did not find but investigated, did he not investigate? But we deal with the case that he did not investigate and found. She says, it is blood of virginity. He says no, it is a bird’s blood. His case is damaged since he did not follow the procedures. That means, not to let her lose her ketubah. But he is not permitted to keep her because she might have been unfaithful. It follows what we statedthere: “A virgin and a widow, etc.” All these cases are based on what Rebbi Hila said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, if he found the door open, he is forbidden to keep her because she might have been unfaithful.

תַּנֵּי. טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים כָּל שֶׁהֵן. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁלֹּא נִמְצָא לָהּ בְּתוּלִים אֶלָּא כְּעֵין הַחַרְדָל וּבָאת לִפְנֵי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי. אָמַר לָהּ. כְּמוֹתָךְ יִרְבּוּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵל. רִבִי זְכַרְיָה חַתְנֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי לֵוִי. מְקַלְּלָהּ. בְּאִינְשֵׁי רְאוּיָה לְסַמְיָיה סַגִּי נְהוֹרָא. חֲבֵרַיָּה אָמְרֵי. מְקַנְתֵּר לָהּ. כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁדְּמֶיהָ מְעוּטִין וְולָדֶיהָ מְעוּטִין. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר. מְקַלֵּס לָהּ. כָּל אִשָּׁה שֶׁדְּמֶיהָ מְעוּטִין אֵינָהּ מְצוּיָה לְטַמֵּא טַהֲרוֹת.

It was stated: The claim of virginity is based on any amount (of blood). It happened that for a certain woman nothing was found except for [a stain the size of] a mustard seed. She came before Rebbi Ismael ben Rebbi Yose, who said to her, there should be many like you in Israel. Rebbi Zachariah the son-in-law of Rebbi Levi: He cursed her, like people who, when they see a blind man, call him “much light”. The colleagues said, he needled her, any woman with little blood has few children. Rebbi Yose said, he praised her, any woman with little blood will not cause impurity to food prepared in purity.

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: בְּתוּלָה כְּתוּבָּתָהּ מָאתַיִם וְאַלְמָנָה מְנָה. בְּתוּלָה אַלְמָנָה גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה מִן הָאֵירוּסִין כְּתוּבָּתָן מָאתַיִם וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים. הַגִּיּוֹרֶת וְהַשְּׁבוּיָה וְהַשִּׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְירוּ פְּחוּתוֹת מִבְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד כְּתוּבָּתָן מָאתַיִם וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים.

MISHNAH: The ketubah of a virgin is 200 and that of a widow one mina. The ketubah of virgins who after a preliminary marriage become widows, divorcees, or who received ḥalîṣah, is 200 and they are subject to a claim of non-virginity. The ketubah of a proselyte, a prisoner, and a slave who were redeemed, freed, or converted at less than three years and one day of age, is 200 and they are subject to a claim of non-virginity.

Halakhah

הלכה: בְּתוּלָה כְּתוּבָּתָהּ מָאתַיִם וְאַלְמָנָה מְנָה. כול׳. חוּנָה בְשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר בִּינָא אָמַר. מַטְבֵּעַ יוֹצֵא. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַיְיעָה לְרִבִּי בָּא בַּר בִּינָא. וְחָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן בִּמְנָה צוֹרִי שְׁלֹשִׁים שֶׁל עֶבֶד חֲמִשִׁים שֶׁל אוֹנֵס וְשֶׁל מְפַתֶּה מֵאָה שֶׁל מוֹצִיא שֶׁם רַע כּוּלָּן בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ בְּמְנָה צוֹרִי. וְלֹא תַנָּא כְּתוּבַּת אִשָּׁה עִמָּהֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין. כְּלוּם לָמְדוּ מִכְּתוּבַּת אִשָּׁה לֹא מֵאוֹנֵס וּמִמְּפַתֶּה. מִכֵּיוָן דְּתַנִּינָן. הָאוֹנֵס וְהַמְפַתֶּה. כְּמָאן דְּתַנָּא. כְּתוּבַּת אִשָּׁה עִמָּהֶן.

HALAKHAH: “The ketubah of a virgin is 200 and that of a widow one mina,” etc. Huna in the name of Samuel: In the Temple šeqel. Rebbi Abba bar Bina said, circulating coin. A Mishnah supports Rebbi Abba bar Bina: “The five tetradrachmas of the firstborn are in Tyrian coinage, the 30 of the slave, the 50 of the rapist and the seducer, the 100 of the slanderer, are all computed in Temple šeqels in Tyrian coinage.” A woman’s ketubah is not stated with them. Rebbi Abin said, did they not learn the ketubah of a woman from the rapist and the seducer? Since the rapist and the seducer are mentioned, it is as if women’s ketubah was stated with them.

עַד כְּדוֹן בְּתוּלָה. אַלְמָנָה מַאי. אָמַר רַב חִינְנָא. דַּיָיהּ לָאַלְמָנָה שֶׁתִּיטּוֹל מַחֲצִית בְּתוּלָה.

So far about a virgin. What about a widow? Rav Ḥinena said, it is enough for a widow that she take half of a virgin’s portion.

אָמַר רִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר אָדָא. אֲפִילוּ נִיתְנֵי. כְּתוּבַּת אִשָּׁה עִמָּהֶן. לֵית כָּל אִילֵּין רַבָּנִין פְלִיגִין. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה וְרִבִּי יוֹנָתָן תְּרֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין. מַטְבֵּעַ יוֹצֵא. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר. מַטְבֵּעַ יוֹצֵא. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא רִבִּי אִימִּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוּדָן נְשִׂיָיא. מַטְבֵּעַ יוֹצֵא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. סְלָעִים סֶבֵירְיָנִיּוֹת מְהָגֵינוֹת יְרוּשַׁלְמִיּוֹת. אִילֵּין אָמְרִין אָכֵן וְאִילֵּין אָמְרִין אָכֵן. אֶלָּא אַף הוּא חָזַר וְסָבַר דִּכְוָותְהוֹן. וְלֵית כָּל מִילַּיָיא אָכֵן אִילֵּין אָמְרִין אָכֵן וְאִילֵּין אָמְרִין אָכֵן. הָא אַף הוּא חָזַר וְאָמַר דִּכְוָותְהוֹן.

Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Ada said, even if “a woman’s ketubah” was stated with them, do not all these rabbis disagree? Rebbi Ḥananiah and Rebbi Jonathan both say, circulating coin. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, circulating coin. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa, Rebbi Immi, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Rebbi Jehudah Neśia: Current coin. Rebbi Joḥanan said, good Severan tetradrachmas, Jerusalem ones. These are saying so, those are saying otherwise! But he also changed his mind and thought like them. Are not always these saying so, those are saying otherwise? Here, even he changed his mind and thought like them.

אָתָא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי דְרִבִּי חֲנִינָא. בְּאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה כְּתוּבָּתָהּ פְּחוּתָה מִמָּאתַיִם זוּז. וְאָמַר. תִּיטּוֹל מַה שֶׁכָּתַב לָהּ. אָמַר לְרִבִּי מָנָא. שֵׁב וַחֲתוֹם. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אַשְׁוֵי שִׁיטָּתָךְ וּבָהּ חֲתוֹם. לֹא רִבִּי חִיָיה דְאָמַר בְּשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ. רִבִי אֶבוֹדֶמָא דְצִיפּוֹרִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חוּנָה. מִשֵּׁם וִיתּוּר. מֵעַתָּה אִשָּׁה שֶׁהֶיְתָה כְּתוּבָּתָהּ פְּחוּתָה מִמָּאתַיִם תַּטְמִין כְּתוּבָּתָהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּיטּוֹל בְּשֶׁקֶל הָקּוֹדֶשׁ. אָמְרֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חוּנָה. בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין כּוֹתְבִין כְּתוּבָּה. אֲבָל בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁכּוֹתְבִין כְּתוּבָּה מַה דוּ מַפְקָא הִיא גוֹבָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִּיקַּחַת אֵין לָהּ עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת וְלֹא כְּתוּבָּה. וְאִם מֵתָה הוּא יוֹרְשָׁהּ. שֶׁהִיא רָצְתָה לָזוּק לוֹ נְכָסֶיהָ. וְהוּא לֹא רוֹצֶה לָזוּק לָהּ בִּנְכָסָיו. פִּיקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֵרֶשֶׁת יֵשׁ לָהּ עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת וּכְתוּבָּה. וְאִם מֵתָה אֵינוֹ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה לָזוּק לָהּ נְכָסָיו וְהִיא לֹא רָצְתָה לָזוּק לוֹ נְכָסֶיהָ. וְחֵרֶשֶׁת יֵשׁ לָהּ קִנְיָין וְיֵשׁ לָהּ כְּתוּבָּה. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי לָעְזָר. תִיפְתָּר כְּשֶׁכָּנְסָהּ פִּיקַּחַת כָּנְסָהּ. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי לָעְזָר. שֶׁכְּנָסָהּ פִּיקַּחַת וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה. מִכָּל מָקוֹם לֹא פִּיקַּחַת כְּנָסָהּ. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי לָעְזָר. תִיפְתָּר שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲרֶשֶׁת וְנִתְפַּקְּחָה. כְּנָסָהּ פִּיקַּחַת וְנִתֲחָרְשָׁה. שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר. הוֹאִיל וְהָיְתָה חֵרֶשֶׁת תְּחִילָּה יֵשׁ לָהּ כְּתוּבָּה. לְפוּם כֵּן צָרִיךְ לְמֵימַר אֵין לָהּ. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי לֹא אָמַר כֵּן אֶלָּא אִילּוּ מִי שֶׁבָּא עַל הַחֲרֶשֶׁת שֶׁמָּא אֵין לָהּ קְנָס. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין לָהּ קְנָס אֵין לָהּ כְּתוּבָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן. וְכִי בִקְנָס הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי. הֲרֵי בוֹגֶרֶת אֵין לָהּ קְנָס וּכְתוּבָּתָהּ מָאתַיִים. הֲרֵי בְתוּלָה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין יֵשׁ לָהּ קְנָס וּכְתוּבָּתָהּ מְנָה.

There came a case before Rebbi Ḥanina of a woman whose ketubah was less than 200 zuz, and he said, she should take what he had written for her. He said to Rebbi Mana, sit down and sign. He answered, follow your argument and sign yourself, did not Rebbi Ḥiyya say in the name of Samuel, by the Temple šeqel? Rebbi Eudaimon of Sepphoris in the name of Rebbi Ḥuna: Because of a renunciation. Now, should a woman whose ketubah was for less than 200 [ zuz] not hide her ketubah in order to collect by the Temple šeqel? They said in the name of Rebbi Ḥuna, at a place where one does not write a ketubah. But at a place where one writes a ketubah, what she presents she collects. Rebbi Joḥanan said, it was stated thus: If a deaf-mute man married a hearing wife, she has no claim for support nor ketubah, but if she died, he inherits from her, for she wanted to connect him with her property, but he could not want to connect her with his property. If a hearing male married a deaf-mute woman, she has a claim to support and ketubah, but if she died, he does not inherit, for he wanted to connect her with his property, but she could not want to connect him with her property. But can a deaf-mute woman acquire and have ketubah? Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, explain it that at the moment he married her, she was hearing. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, he married her when she was hearing but she turned deaf-mute. In any case, did he not marry her when she was hearing? Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, explain it that she was deaf-mute and turned hearing; he married her when she was hearing and she turned deaf. That you should not say, because at the start she was deaf-mute she has [no] ketubah, therefore it is necessary to say that she (does not have) [has]. Rebbi Yose does not say so, but since if one has sexual relations with a deaf-mute, is he not liable for a fine? Only if there were no fine would there be no ketubah. Rebbi Yudan said, does that depend on a fine? Look, the adult woman collects no fine but her ketubah is 200, the virgin after marriage collects a fine but her ketubah is a mina!

חֵרֵשׁ אוֹ שׁוֹטֶה שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ פִּיקַּחַת. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר הַחֵרֵשׁ וְנִתְפַּקֵּחַ שׁוֹטֶה וְנִשְׁתַּפֶּה אֵין לָהּ כְּתוּבָּה. רָצָה לְקַיְימָהּ כְּתוּבָּתָהּ מְנָה. רִבִּי לָעְזָר בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. וְהוּא שֶׁבָּא עָלֶיהָ מִשֶּׁנִּתְפַּקֵּחַ וּמִשֶּׁנִּשְׁתַּפֶּה. אֲבָל אִם לֹא בָא עָלֶיהָ מִשֶּׁנּתְפַּקֵּחַ וּמִשֶּׁנִּשְׁתַּפֶּה אֲפִילוּ כְּתוּבַּת מְנָה אֵין לָהּ.

”A deaf-mute or an insane male who were taken in by a hearing woman. Even if the deaf-mute became hearing, or the insane sane, she has no ketubah. If he wants to keep her, her ketubah is one mina.” Rebbi Eleazar in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: Only if he slept with her after he became hearing or sane. If he did not sleep with her after he became hearing or sane, she does not even have a ketubah of a mina.

פְּחוּתוֹת מִבְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר אַשִּׁי רִבִּי יוֹנָה רַב חִיָיה בַּר אַשִּׁי בְשֵׁם רַב. לְמַה זֶו דוֹמֶה. לְעוֹשֶׂה גוּמָא בַבָּשָׂר וְחוֹזֵר וּמִתְמָלֵא. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. לְעוֹכֵר אֶת הָעַיִן וְחוֹזֶרֶת וְצוֹלֶלֶת. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. פְּחוּתוֹת מִיכָּן כְּנוֹתֵן אֶצְבַּע בָּעַיִן. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. אֶקְרָא לֵאלֹהִים עֶלְיוֹן לָאֵל גּוֹמֵר עָלַי. בַּת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד וְנִמְלָכִין בֵּית דִּין לְעוֹבְרוֹ הַבְּתוּלִין חוֹזְרִין. וְאִם לָאו אֵין הַבְּתוּלִין חוֹזְרִין.

At less than three years and one day of age, Rebbi Yose in the name of [Rav] Ḥiyya bar Ashi, Rebbi Jonah, Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi in the name of Rav: What is this like? One makes a dimple in the flesh which straightens out by itself. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: Like one who muddies a source which becomes clear again. Rebbi Yose said, a Mishnah says so: Younger than that, it is as if one puts a finger on an eye. Rebbi Abun said: “I am calling to Almighty God, to the God who decides with me.” If a girl is three years and one day old, if the Court decided to lengthen, her hymen repairs itself, otherwise her hymen does not repair itself.

…and 6 more halakhot in this perek.

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY