יורה דעה ע״בYoreh De'ah 72

Se’if 1א׳

הַלֵּב, מִתְקַבֵּץ הַדָּם בְּתוֹכוֹ בִּשְׁעַת שְׁחִיטָה. לְפִיכָךְ צָרִיךְ לְקָרְעוֹ קֹדֶם מְלִיחָה וּלְהוֹצִיא דָּמוֹ, וּלְמָלְחוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ. וְאָז מֻתָּר אֲפִלּוּ לְבַשְּׁלוֹ (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל ט"ו). וְיֵשׁ מַחְמִירִים לְבַשְּׁלוֹ רַק צוֹלִין אוֹתוֹ (וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבַשְׁלוֹ) (ש"ד).

The heart: the blood gathers within it at the time of the slaughter. Therefore he must cut it open before salting and bring out its blood, and salt it afterwards; and then it is permitted even to cook it (Issur v'Heter haAroch, klal 15). And there are those who are stringent as to cooking it, and only roast it (and afterwards he cooks it) (Shaarei Dura).

Se’if 2ב׳

מְלָחוֹ וְלֹא קְרָעוֹ, קוֹרְעוֹ אַחַר מְלִיחָתוֹ וּמֻתָּר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּמְלַח עִם הַדָּם שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, דִּכְבוֹלְעוֹ כָּךְ פּוֹלְטוֹ. וְהוּא הַדִּין אִם צְלָאוֹ וְלֹא קְרָעוֹ, שֶׁקּוֹרְעוֹ לְאַחַר צְלִיָּתוֹ וּמֻתָּר. אֲבָל אִם בִּשְּׁלוֹ בְּלִי קְרִיעָה, אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא ס' כְּנֶגֶד הַלֵּב, דְּלָא יָדְעִינָן כַּמָּה נְפַק מִנֵהּ. הַגָּה: וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּדְאִכָּא ס', הַלֵּב עַצְמוֹ אָסוּר (אָרֹךְ וש"ד מהרא"י ורי"ו), וְיִקְלֹף מְעַט סְבִיב הַלֵּב. וְיֵשׁ מַחְמִירִין בּוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ בִּמְלִיחָה, לֶאֱסֹר שְׁאָר בָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּמְלַח עִמּוֹ, וְאוֹמְרִין דְּלֹא אָמְרִינָן כְּבוֹלְעוֹ כָּךְ פּוֹלְטוֹ גַּבֵּי דַּם הַלֵּב הַכָּנוּס בְּתוֹכוֹ, דְּהָוֵי דָּם מַמָּשׁ וְלֹא מִקְרֵי דַּם פְּלִיטָה (הַגָּהַת ש"ד בְּשֵׁם ר' מַתִּתְיָה וכ"מ בְּמָרְדְּכַי בְּשֵׁם ר"י). וְהַמִּנְהָג לְהָקֵל, וְכֵן עִקָּר דְּגַם זֶה מִקְרֵי דַּם פְּלִיטָה וְשַׁיָּךְ לְמֵימַר בֵּיהּ כְּבוֹלְעוֹ כָּךְ פּוֹלְטוֹ, מִדֵּי דְּהָוֵי אַדָּם שֶׁבַּחוּטִין, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל סִימָן כ"ב (וכ"ד האו"ה ומהר"א כ"ץ). וְיֵשׁ מַחְמִירִין לִקְלֹף קְצָת בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁהָיָה הַלֵּב דָּבוּק (בְּאָרֹךְ וּמָרְדְּכַי שָׁם), וְטוֹב לָחוּשׁ לְדִבְרֵיהֶם וְלִקְלֹף קְצָת סְבִיב הַלֵּב, וְאָז הַכֹּל מֻתָּר. וְאֵין חִלּוּק בֵּין בָּשָׂר שֶׁעִם הַלֵּב אוֹ הַלֵּב עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵין חִלּוּק בֵּין אִם הַלֵּב סָגוּר אוֹ פָּתוּחַ לְמַעְלָה (ד"ע וְלֹא כאו"ה). וְנוֹהֲגִין לְכַתְּחִלָּה לַחְתֹּךְ עָרְלַת הַלֵּב וְלַחְתֹּךְ גִּידִין שֶׁבִּפְנִים (אָרֹךְ), וְאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא חֻמְרָא וּזְהִירוּת בְּעָלְמָא.

If he salted it and did not cut it open, he cuts it open after its salting and it is permitted, even though it was salted with the blood that is within it, for as it absorbs, so it gives out. And the same law applies if he roasted it and did not cut it open, that he cuts it open after its roasting and it is permitted. But if he cooked it without cutting it open, it is forbidden until there be sixty against the heart, for we do not know how much came out of it. Hagah [Rema]: And even where there is sixty, the heart itself is forbidden (Issur v'Heter haAroch and Shaarei Dura, Maharai and Rabbeinu Yerucham), and he shall peel away a little around the heart. And there are those who are stringent in it, even in salting, to forbid the rest of the meat that was salted with it, saying that we do not say "as it absorbs, so it gives out" with regard to the blood of the heart that is gathered within it, for that is actual blood and is not called blood that is given out (Hagahat Shaarei Dura in the name of Rabbi Matityah, and so it is implied in the Mordechai in the name of the Ri). And the custom is to be lenient, and so is the main ruling, for this too is called blood that is given out, and it is proper to say of it "as it absorbs, so it gives out", just as with the blood that is in the threads, as has been explained above, siman 22 (and such is the opinion of the Issur v'Heter haAroch and the Mahara Katz). And there are those who are stringent, to peel away a little in the place where the heart was stuck (in the Issur v'Heter haAroch and the Mordechai there); and it is good to be concerned for their words and to peel away a little around the heart, and then the whole is permitted. And there is no distinction between the meat that is with the heart and the heart itself, and there is no distinction between whether the heart is closed or open above (his own opinion, and not like the Issur v'Heter haAroch). And they have the practice at the outset to cut away the foreskin of the heart and to cut the sinews that are within (Issur v'Heter haAroch); and it is only a mere stringency and precaution.

Se’if 3ג׳

אֵין עוֹף שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בּוֹ שִׁשִּׁים כְּנֶגֶד לִבּוֹ, וּמֻתָּר אֲפִלּוּ הוּא דָּבוּק בָּעוֹף. הַגָּה: וְכָל עוֹף יֵשׁ בּוֹ ס', אֲפִלּוּ אֵין בּוֹ הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרַגְלַיִם הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים (פִּסְקֵי מהרא"י סִימָן צ"א וְר"י מִינְץ וּבְאָרֹךְ), כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִים לַהֲסִירָן דְּהַיְנוּ עַד הָאַרְכֻּבָּה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, וְלָכֵן אִם הָעוֹף שָׁלֵם, הַכֹּל מֻתָּר. וְאִם אֵין שָׁלֵם, וְלֵיכָּא בּוֹ ס' נֶגֶד הַלֵּב הַדָּבוּק בָּעוֹף, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּהַחֲתִיכָה נַעֲשֵׂית נְבֵלָה וּבָעֵינָן ס' בַּקְּדֵרָה נֶגֶד כָּל הָעוֹף (טוּר בְּשֵׁם י"א וכ"ה בַּפּוֹסְקִים), וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִיכָּא ס' בַּקְּדֵרָה, הָעוֹף אָסוּר הוֹאִיל וְאֵין בּוֹ ס' נֶגֶד הַלֵּב הַדָּבוּק בּוֹ. וְאִם אֵין הַלֵּב דָּבוּק בָּעוֹף, מִצְטָרֵף כָּל הַקְּדֵרָה לְבַטֵּל הַלֵּב בְּס'. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סִימָן צ"ב בְּדִין חֲתִיכָה נַעֲשֵׂית נְבֵלָה. וְאֵין לְךָ בְּהֵמָה שֶׁהִיא ס' נֶגֶד לִבָּהּ.

There is no bird that does not have sixty against its heart, and it is permitted even where it is stuck to the bird. Hagah [Rema]: And every bird has sixty in it, even if it does not have the head and the lower legs (Piskei Maharai, siman 91, and Mahari Mintz, and in the Issur v'Heter haAroch), in the way that they are accustomed to remove them, that is, up to the lower knee-joint. And therefore, if the bird is whole, the whole is permitted. And if it is not whole, and there is not in it sixty against the heart that is stuck to the bird, there are those who say that the piece itself becomes nevelah (a forbidden thing in its own right, as carrion is), and we require sixty in the pot against the whole bird (Tur in the name of those who say so, and so it is in the poskim); and so is the practice. And even where there is sixty in the pot, the bird is forbidden, since there is not in it sixty against the heart that is stuck to it. And if the heart is not stuck to the bird, the whole of the pot joins together to nullify the heart in sixty. And see below, siman 92, in the law of a piece becoming nevelah. And you have no animal that is sixty against its heart.