יורה דעה ע׳Yoreh De'ah 70

Se’if 1א׳

מוֹלְחִין הַרְבֵּה חֲתִיכוֹת זוֹ עַל גַּב זוֹ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה גּוֹמֶרֶת פְּלִיטָתָהּ קֹדֶם לָעֶלְיוֹנָה, לֹא אָמְרִינָן שֶׁחוֹזֶרֶת וּבוֹלַעַת מִדַּם הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹהֶה הַרְבֵּה לִפְלֹט צִיר וְכָל זְמַן שֶׁפּוֹלֶטֶת צִירָהּ אֵינָהּ בּוֹלַעַת. וַאֲפִלּוּ מִתְקַבֵּץ הַרְבֵּה צִיר וְעוֹמֵד בַּגּוּמָא שֶׁבֵּין הַחֲתִיכוֹת, מֻתָּר. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוֹלֵחַ בָּשָׂר עִם בָּשָׂר, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׂר שׁוֹר עִם בְּשַׂר גְּדָיִים וּטְלָאִים וַאֲפִלּוּ עִם עוֹפוֹת, שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶם לִגְמֹר כָּל פְּלִיטַת צִירָן עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר בְּשַׂר שׁוֹר לִפְלֹט אֶת דָּמוֹ. הַגָּה: וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם נוֹהֲגִין לְהַחֲמִיר לְכַתְּחִלָּה שֶׁכָּל חֲתִיכָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל, כְּגוֹן דֹּפֶן שְׁלֵמָה, מְהַפְּכִין אוֹתָהּ שֶׁיָּזוּב הַדָּם, אֲבָל בְּדִיעֲבַד אֵין לָחוּשׁ (א"ו הָאָרֹךְ). חֲתִיכָה שֶׁמָּלַח אוֹתָהּ ב' פְּעָמִים, מֻתֶּרֶת, וְלֹא חַיְשִׁינָן שֶׁמֶּלַח הַשֵּׁנִי מַבְלִיעַ הַדָּם הַנִּשְׁאָר מִמְּלִיחָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה (פִּסְקֵי מהרא"י סִימָן ס"ו). אֲבָל בָּשָׂר עִם דָּגִים, אֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׂר עוֹפוֹת עִם דָּגִים, אָסוּר לִמְלֹחַ לְפִי שֶׁהַדָּגִים פּוֹלְטִים כָּל צִירָן קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּפְלֹט הַעוֹף אֶת דָּמוֹ. וְאִם עָבָר וּמְלָחָן יַחַד, הָעוֹפוֹת מֻתָּרִין, אֲבָל הַדָּגִים צָרִיךְ לִטֹּל מֵהֶם כְּדֵי קְלִפָּה. וְאִם לֹא נִטְּלוּ קַשְׂקַשֵּׂיהֶם כְּשֶׁנִּמְלְחוּ, מֻתָּרִים. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹסְרִין כָּל הַדָּגִים (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל י"ג) אִם אֵינָן ס' נֶגֶד הָעוֹפוֹת, דְּאָנוּ מְשַׁעֲרִין בִּמְלִיחָה בְּס', וְהָכֵי נָהוּג. וְדַוְקָא דְּלֵית בְּהוּ קַשְׂקַשִּׂים, דְּרָפוּ קְרָמַיְהוּ וּפָלְטֵי מִיָּד, אֲבָל אִי אִית בְּהוּ קַשְׂקַשִּׂים, מֻתָּרִים, דְּאֵינָן פּוֹלְטִים מִיָּד וְלֹא בָּלְעֵי מִן הָעוֹפוֹת (הָרֹא"שׁ וְשָׁם), דְּאַיְדֵי דְּטָרִידֵי לִפְלֹט לָא בָּלְעֵי, מִידִי דְּהָוֵי אַשְּׁנֵי חֲתִיכוֹת שֶׁנִּמְלְחוּ יַחַד.

One may salt many pieces, one on top of the other. Regardless of the fact that the bottom piece finishes its excretions before the top one, we don't say that [the bottom piece] absorbs from the blood of the top one. This is because [the bottom piece] excretes gravy for a lengthy amount of time, and the entire time that gravy is emitted, [the piece] does not absorb. [This is true] even when much gravy gathers and stands inside of a depression between the pieces of meat - it is permitted. In what case is this dealing? In a case when he salts meat on meat, and even ox meat with kid or lamb meat, and even with chicken - [because] it is impossible for them to finish all the excretions of their gravy before the ox meat finishes excreting its blood. {RMA - in any event, we are accustomed to being strict in the first instance, that each piece which has a depression, as in [the case of] of a complete side of meat, to turn it over, in order that the blood should run off. However, one must not worry post factum. A piece which was salted twice is permitted - we don't worry that the secondary salt causes the blood from the first salting to be reabsorbed.} However, meat with fish, even chicken with fish, is forbidden to salt together. This is because the fish ceases excreting all of its gravy before the chicken finishes excreting its blood. If one did salt fish and chicken together, the chicken is permitted but one must take a peeling off the fish. However, if the scales were not removed when it was salted, it is permitted. {RMA - and there are those who forbid the entire fish [not just a peeling] if there wasn't 60 times [the volume] of the chicken, as we estimate in salting 60 times the volume, and such is the custom. And this is specifically referring to an instance where the scales weren't present, as fish skin is a soft membrane and excretes immediately. However, where the scales were present, it is permitted, as they do not excrete [all of their fluids] immediately and [thus] do not absorb from the chickens, because the entire time that they are busy excreting, they will not absorb, as we say about two pieces which were salted together.

Se’if 2ב׳

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, כְּשֶׁמָּלַח שְׁנֵיהֶם יַחַד, אוֹ שֶׁהָעוֹף מָלִיחַ וְדָג תָּפֵל, אֲבָל אִם דָּג מָלִיחַ וְעוֹף תָּפֵל וּנְתָנָם זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה, אוֹ זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה, אַף דָּגִים מֻתָּרִים בְּלֹא קְלִיפָה. הַגָּה: וְכֵן אִם הַדָּגִים מֻנָּחִים עַל הָעוֹפוֹת, מֻתָּרִים אֲפִלּוּ נִמְלְחוּ יַחַד דְּדָם אֵינוֹ מְפַעְפֵּעַ מִלְּמַטָּה לְמַעְלָה, וְלֹא גָּרַע מֵחֲתִיכָה הַמֻּנַּחַת בַּצִּיר דְּמַה שֶּׁלְּמַעְלָה מִן הַצִּיר שָׁרֵי (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל י"ג). וְכֵן אִם לֹא הִנִּיחַ הַדָּגִים אֵצֶל הָעוֹפוֹת אֶלָּא לְאַחַר שֶׁשָּׁהוּ הָעוֹפוֹת בְּמִלְחָן שִׁעוּר מְלִיחָה, אַף הַדָּגִים מֻתָּרִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם מְלוּחִים (ד"ע וְכֵן מַשְׁמָע בְּאָרֹךְ). וְאִם נִמְלְחוּ דָּגִים בִּכְלִי שֶׁמָּלְחוּ בּוֹ בָּשָׂר, הַדָּגִים מֻתָּרִים דְּאֵין הַדָּגִים בּוֹלְעִים הַדָּם שֶׁבַּכְּלִי, דְּאֵין מְלִיחָה לְכֵלִים (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רַשְׁבָּ"א סִימָן קכ"ט). וְהָא דְּאָמְרִינָן דְּאִם הַדָּג תָּפֵל וְהָעוֹפוֹת מְלוּחִים אֲסוּרִים, הַיְנוּ דַּוְקָא שֶׁהַדָּג פָּלַט כְּבָר דָּמוֹ וְהוּדַח, אֲבָל אִם עֲדַיִן לֹא פָּלַט דָּמוֹ וְלֹא נִמְלַח מֵעוֹלָם, מֻתָּר, דְּאַגַּב דְּיִפְלֹט דָּם דִּידֵיהּ יִפְלֹט גַּם כֵּן הַדָּם שֶׁבּוֹלֵעַ מִן הָעוֹפוֹת (סְבָרַת עַצְמוֹ וְכֵן מַשְׁמָע בְּאָרֹךְ כְּלָל י"ג בְּשֵׁם הסמ"ק), כְּמוֹ חֲתִיכָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְצִיר קֹדֶם מְלִיחָה דְּמֻתָּר מֵהַאי טַעֲמָא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן סִימָן זֶה. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סִימָן צ"א בְּאֵיזֶה מְלִיחָה אָמְרִינַן דְּהָוֵי כְּרוֹתֵחַ.

In what case are these words said? Where he salted them both together, or where the bird is salted and the fish unsalted. But if the fish is salted and the bird unsalted, and he set them one beside the other or one upon the other, the fish too are permitted without paring away. Hagah [Rema]: And likewise if the fish are lying upon the birds, they are permitted even if they were salted together, for blood does not seep from below upwards; and it is no worse than a piece lying in the brine, where what is above the brine is permitted (Issur v'Heter haAroch, klal 13). And likewise if he did not set the fish beside the birds until after the birds had remained in their salt for the time of salting, the fish too are permitted, even though both of them are salted (his own opinion, and so it is implied in the Issur v'Heter haAroch). And if fish were salted in a vessel in which they had salted meat, the fish are permitted, for the fish do not absorb the blood that is in the vessel, since there is no salting for vessels (Beit Yosef in the name of Rashba, siman 129). And this that we say, that if the fish is unsalted and the birds salted they are forbidden — that is specifically where the fish has already given off its blood and been rinsed; but if it has not yet given off its blood and was never salted, it is permitted, for by reason of its giving off its own blood it will give off also the blood that it absorbs from the birds (his own reasoning, and so it is implied in the Issur v'Heter haAroch, klal 13, in the name of the Semak) — like a piece that fell into brine before salting, which is permitted for this reason, as will be explained below in this siman. And see below, siman 91, as to in what salting we say that it is as what is hot.

Se’if 3ג׳

בְּשַׂר שְׁחוּטָה שֶׁמְּלָחוֹ עִם בְּשַׂר טְרֵפָה, אוֹ שֶׁהַטְּרֵפָה מְלוּחָה וְהַכְּשֵׁרָה תְּפֵלָה, וְהֵם נוֹגְעִים זֶה בָּזֶה, אָסוּר כְּדֵי קְלִפָּה. שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ בּוֹלֵעַ מִדַּם הַטְּרֵפָה, בּוֹלַעַת מִצִּירָהּ. אֲבָל אִם הַכְּשֵׁרָה מְלוּחָה וְהַטְּרֵפָה תְּפֵלָה, מֻתֶּרֶת בַּהֲדָחָה בְּלֹא קְלִיפָה, בֵּין נָתַן כְּשֵׁרָה לְמַעְלָה, בֵּין נְתָנָהּ לְמַטָּה. וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹסֵר בְּנוֹגְעִים זֶה בָּזֶה, וְסוֹבֵר שֶׁלֹּא הֻתְּרוּ אֶלָּא בְּעוֹמְדִים בְּסָמוּךְ בִּכְדֵי שֶׁפְּלִיטָה שֶׁל זֶה נוֹגַעַת בָּזֶה. הַגָּה: וּכְשֶׁהַטְּרֵפָה מָלוּחַ וְכָשֵׁר תָּפֵל, אֲפִלּוּ בִּכְהַאי גַּוְנָא אָסוּר. וְע"ל סִימָן ק"ה מֵאֵלּוּ דִּינִים.

The meat of a properly slaughtered animal that he salted with the meat of a tereifah (an animal with a fatal defect), or where the tereifah is salted and the fit meat unsalted, and they touch one another — it is forbidden as much as needs paring away; for even though it does not absorb of the blood of the tereifah, it absorbs of its brine. But if the fit meat is salted and the tereifah unsalted, it is permitted by rinsing, without paring away, whether he set the fit meat above or set it below. And there is one who forbids where they touch one another, and holds that they were permitted only where they stand near enough that the giving-off of the one touches the other. Hagah [Rema]: And where the tereifah is salted and the fit meat unsalted, even in such a case it is forbidden. And see below, siman 105, concerning these laws.