יורה דעה נ״גYoreh De'ah 53

Se’if 1א׳

נִשְׁמְטוּ יְדֵי הַבְּהֵמָה מֵעִקָּרָם, אוֹ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּבְּרוּ אוֹ נֶחְתְּכוּ לְגַמְרֵי, אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ ג' יָדַיִם, כְּשֵׁרָה. אֲבָל הָעֶצֶם הַנִּשְׁבָּר עַצְמוֹ עִם מְעַט לְמַעְלָה מִן הַשְּׁבִירָה אָסוּר כְּשֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר, אִם אֵין עוֹר וּבָשָׂר חוֹפִין אֶת רֻבּוֹ. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ מַטְרִיפִין גַּם הַבְּהֵמָה אִם נִשְׁמַט (ש"ד וְהג"מ וְעוֹד פּוֹסְקִים) אוֹ נִשְׁבַּר סָמוּךְ לַגּוּף (הג"א פ' הַמַּקְשֶׁה) וְרוֹאִין שֶׁנִּצְרַר הַדָּם מֵעֵבֶר לַצְּלָעוֹת, שֶׁרוֹאִין שֶׁעָבְרָה הַמַּכָּה תּוֹךְ הַגּוּף (כֵּן מַשְׁמָע מֵאִסוּר וְהֶתֵּר הָאָרֹךְ כְּלָל נ' דִּין ו') וְהָכֵי נָהוּג. אֲבָל אֵין לָחוּשׁ לָזֶה כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֵין רוֹאִין שֶׁנִּצְרַר הַדָּם, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה (נִלְמַד מֵעוֹף דְּסָעִיף ב').

If the animal's forelegs were torn loose from their roots, or were broken, or were cut off entirely, or if it has three forelegs, it is fit. But the broken bone itself, together with a little above the break, is forbidden when it is broken, if skin and flesh do not cover the greater part of it. Hagah [Rema]: And there are those who declare the animal too a tereifah (an animal with a fatal defect) if it was torn loose (Shaarei Dura and Hagahot Maimuni and further poskim), or was broken close to the body (Hagahot Asheri, chapter "One that has difficulty in giving birth"), and they see that the blood has clotted on the far side of the ribs, so that they see that the wound has passed within the body (so it is implied from Issur vaHeter haAruch, kelal 50, law 6), and such is the practice. But there is no ground to be concerned for this so long as they do not see that the blood has clotted, and no examination is required (this is learned from the bird in se'if 2).

Se’if 2ב׳

וְכֵן בְּעוֹף, אִם נֶחְתְּכוּ אוֹ נִשְׁבְּרוּ אֲגַפָּיו, כְּשֵׁרָה, אֲפִלּוּ נִשְׁבְּרוּ סָמוּךְ לְחִבּוּרוֹ לַגּוּף, וְהוּא שֶׁשֶּׁבֶר הָעֶצֶם הַחִיצוֹן לֹא יְהֵא בּוֹ עֹקֶץ, שֶׁאִם הָיָה בּוֹ עֹקֶץ תִּבָּדֵק הָרֵאָה. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹסְרִין אִם נִשְׁבַּר סָמוּךְ לַגּוּף, וְאוֹמְרִים דְּדִינוֹ כְּשָׁמוּט (הַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי) וְהַמִּנְהָג הַפָּשׁוּט שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְשַׁעֵר כְּרֹחַב אֲגוּדַּל, אֲפִלּוּ בְּצִמְצוּם, כָּשֵׁר (אָגוּר וַאֲגֻדָּה וְכֵן כָּתוּב בְּש"ג שֶׁכֵּן נוֹהֲגִין) אִם לֹא שֶׁרוֹאֶה שֶׁנִּצְרַר הַדָּם מֵעֵבֶר לַצְּלָעוֹת, אֲבָל אֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין לָזֶה וּמַכְשִׁירִין מִסְּתָמָא (מהרי"ק שורש ל"ח ות"ה סִימָן ק"פ) וְאֵין חִלּוּק אִם עֹקֶץ בַּשְּׁבִירָה אוֹ לֹא, מֵאַחַר שֶׁרָחוֹק מִן הַגּוּף. אֲבָל (אִם) אֵין רֹחַב אֲגוּדָל בֵּין מְקוֹם הַשְּׁבִירָה לַגּוּף אָז הוּא טְרֵפָה בְּכָל עִנְיָן, וְלֹא מְהַנֵּי בְּדִיקַת הָרֵאָה, דְּאֵין אָנוּ בְּקִיאִין בִּבְדִיקָה (ש"ד וְאָרֹךְ כְּלָל נ' ד"ז וּמַהֲרִי"ל וְאָגוּר) בְּכָל מָקוֹם דְאִכָּא רִעוּתָא, וְהָכִי נָהוּג.

And likewise in a bird: if its wings were cut off or were broken, it is fit, even if they were broken close to their joining to the body - and that is provided that the break of the outer bone has no sharp point in it, for if it had a sharp point in it the lung must be examined. Hagah [Rema]: And there are those who forbid if it was broken close to the body, and they say that its law is like that of one torn loose (Hagahot Maimuni). And the widespread custom that they have adopted is to measure by the breadth of a thumb: even if it is exactly so, it is fit (Agur and Agudah, and so it is written in Shiltei haGiborim, that such is the practice), unless he sees that the blood has clotted on the far side of the ribs; but we are not concerned for this and we declare it fit in the ordinary case (Maharik, shoresh 38, and Terumat haDeshen, siman 180). And there is no distinction whether there is a sharp point at the break or not, since it is far from the body. But if there is not the breadth of a thumb between the place of the break and the body, then it is a tereifah in every case, and the examination of the lung is of no avail, for we are not expert in examination (Shaarei Dura, and Issur vaHeter haAruch, kelal 50, law 7, and the Maharil and Agur) in any place where there is a flaw, and such is the practice.

Se’if 3ג׳

נִשְׁמְטוּ אֲגַפָּיו, אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד מֵהֶם, מֵעִקָּרוֹ, חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא נִקְּבָה הָרֵאָה, וְצָרִיךְ לְנַפְּחָהּ לְבָדְקָהּ אִם הִיא שְׁלֵמָה, כְּשֵׁרָה, וְאִם לָאו, טְרֵפָה.

If its wings were torn loose from their root, even one of them, we are concerned lest the lung was perforated; and one must inflate it to examine it: if it is whole, it is fit, and if not, it is a tereifah.