יורה דעה רס״זYoreh De'ah 267

Se’if 1א׳

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה עַל הָרַב לָמוּל עֲבָדָיו. עָבַר הָרַב וְלֹא מָלוֹ, מִצְוָה עַל בֵּית דִּין לְמוּלוֹ. אֶחָד עֶבֶד שֶׁנּוֹלַד בְּבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֶחָד שֶׁקְּנָאוֹ מֵהָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, חַיָּב לְמוּלוֹ. וְאֵינָם נִמּוֹלִים אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם. וִילִיד בַּיִת נִמּוֹל לְח', וּמִקְנַת כֶּסֶף נִמּוֹל בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנִּלְקַח, אֲפִלּוּ לְקָחוֹ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנּוֹלַד, נִמּוֹל בְּיוֹמוֹ. לָקַח אֶחָד הַשִּׁפְחָה, וְאֶחָד לָקַח הָעֻבָּר, נִמּוֹל לְאֶחָד (טוּר). כָּל שֶׁכֵּן קָנָה שִׁפְחָה וּוְלָדָהּ עִמָּהּ, שֶׁנִּמּוֹל לְאֶחָד (בֵּית יוֹסֵף). וְיֵשׁ מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף שֶׁנִּמּוֹל לְח', וְיֵשׁ יְלִיד בַּיִת שֶׁנִּמּוֹל לְאוֹתוֹ יוֹם שֶׁנּוֹלַד. כֵּיצַד, לָקַח שִׁפְחָה וְעֻבָּרָהּ עִמָּהּ, וְיָלְדָה, הֲרֵי זֶה נִמּוֹל לִשְׁמוֹנָה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלָּקַח הָעֻבָּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וַהֲרֵי הָעֻבָּר מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף, הוֹאִיל וְלָקַח אִמּוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁנּוֹלַד, נִמּוֹל לִשְׁמוֹנָה. לָקַח שִׁפְחָה לְעֻבָּרֶיהָ, אוֹ שֶׁלָּקַח שִׁפְחָה עַל מְנַת שֶׁלֹּא לְהַטְבִּילָהּ לְשֵׁם עַבְדוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנּוֹלַד בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ וְנִתְעַבְּרָה בְּבֵיתוֹ (טוּר), נִמּוֹל בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנּוֹלַד, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַנּוֹלָד הַזֶּה כְּאִלּוּ הוּא מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף לְבַדּוֹ, וּכְאִלּוּ הַיּוֹם קְנָאוֹ, שֶׁאֵין אִמּוֹ בִּכְלַל שִׁפְחוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַבֵּן יְלִיד בַּיִת. וְאִם טָבְלָה אִמּוֹ אַחַר שֶׁיָּלְדָה, הֲרֵי זֶה נִמּוֹל לִשְׁמוֹנָה.

It is a positive commandment upon the master to circumcise his slaves. If the master transgressed and did not circumcise him, it is a mitzvah upon the court to circumcise him. Both a slave who was born in the house of an Israelite and one whom he bought from the idolater (oved kokhavim — the standing term for a gentile) — he is obliged to circumcise him. And they are circumcised only by day. One born in the house is circumcised on the eighth day, and one bought with money is circumcised on the day he was bought; even if he bought him on the day he was born, he is circumcised on that day. If one man bought the maidservant (shifchah — a gentile bondwoman) and another bought the foetus, he is circumcised on the first day (Tur). All the more so where he bought a maidservant and her child with her, that he is circumcised on the first day (Beit Yosef). And there is one bought with money who is circumcised on the eighth day, and there is one born in the house who is circumcised on the very day he is born. How so? He bought a maidservant and her foetus with her, and she gave birth — this one is circumcised on the eighth day. And even though he bought the foetus on its own, so that the foetus is one bought with money, since he bought its mother before it was born, it is circumcised on the eighth day. If he bought a maidservant for her young, or bought a maidservant on condition that he would not immerse her for the sake of slavery — even though the child was born in his domain and she conceived in his house (Tur), it is circumcised on the day it is born; for this newborn is as though it were bought with money on its own, and as though he acquired it today, since its mother is not within the class of the maidservants of Israel, that the son should be one born in the house. And if its mother immersed after she gave birth, this one is circumcised on the eighth day.

Se’if 2ב׳

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּילַת הַבָּנִים דּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, כָּךְ מִילַת הָעֲבָדִים שֶׁהֵם נִמּוֹלִים לִשְׁמוֹנָה דּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, חוּץ מִיְלִיד בַּיִת וּמִקְנַת כֶּסֶף שֶׁלֹּא טָבְלָה אִמּוֹ עַד שֶׁיָּלְדָה, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם נִמּוֹלִים לִשְׁמוֹנָה אֵינָם דּוֹחִים אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת.

Just as the circumcision of sons overrides the Sabbath, so the circumcision of slaves who are circumcised on the eighth day overrides the Sabbath — except for one born in the house and one bought with money whose mother did not immerse until she had given birth: even though they are circumcised on the eighth day, they do not override the Sabbath.

Se’if 3ג׳

הָעֶבֶד הַנִּלְקָח מֵהָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ: רְצוֹנְךָ שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לִכְלַל עַבְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְתִהְיֶה מֵהַכְּשֵׁרִים, אוֹ לֹא. אִם רָצָה, מוֹדִיעִין לוֹ עִקָּרֵי הַדָּת, וּמִקְצָת מִצְוֹת קַלּוֹת וַחֲמוּרוֹת וְעָנְשָׁן וּשְׂכָרָן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמּוֹדִיעִין אֶת הַגֵּר, וּמַטְבִּילִין אוֹתוֹ כְּגֵר וּמוֹדִיעִין אוֹתוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא בַּמַּיִם. וְהָעֶבֶד מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַטְּבִילָה וְלֹא הָאָדוֹן (נ"י פֶּרֶק הַחוֹלֵץ וּבְמַגִּיד מִשְׁנֶה פֶּרֶק י"ג מֵאִסוּרֵי בִּיאָה).

A Slave that was purchased from an idolater, we tell him: Do you wishe to enter and join the slaves of Israel and become acceptable or not? If he agrees we inform him of the fundamentals of the faith, some of the minor commandments and some of the more severe ones and punishments and rewards, like we do with a convert. Then we immerse him like we do with a convert and inform him while he is in the water. [And the slave recites the blessing over the immersion, not the master.]